جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « jordan » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Medication errors are a significant concern in healthcare, with effective management largely dependent on understanding its causes and reporting practices. This study aims to explore the experiences of Jordanian nurses in relation to medication error occurrence and reporting within the Jordanian context and the factors that may influence their decisions to report or not.

Methods & Materials: 

A qualitative descriptive approach was used. 24 nurses from three different hospitalswere interviewed. The hospitals included amajor governmental institution, a private facility, and a university hospital, ensuring diverse healthcare settings. Data were analyzed using Braun and Clarke’s thematic analysis, and the study was reported guided by the COREQ checklist.

Three major themes were identified: Obsolete policies and guidelines, Adapting to an Unhealthy Environment, and Trying to adjust: creating own definition forMEs. In our study, medication errors emerged as a pervasive issue across Jordanian hospitals, attributed to both systemic failures and individual practices. Despite existing policies, participants reported frequent MEs due to obsolete guidelines, lack of adherence, and an environment that hinders effective medication administration.

The study reveals the critical issues of medication errors in Jordanian hospitals due to outdated policies and challenging environments. It emphasizes the need for updated protocols and a culture supportive of error reporting. Addressing these factors is essential for improving patient safety and healthcare quality.

Fatigue is a commonly reported issue in individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), often overlooked or inadequately addressed in Jordan and globally. This study aimed to assess illness-related fatigue in COPDpeople, its contributing factors, and its impact on their quality of life (QOL).

Methods & Materials: 

A cross-sectional correlational design was employed, recruiting 200 people from four hospitals in Jordan between April and May 2021. Participants completed Arabic versions of the self-administered Fatigue Severity Scale and the WHOQOL questionnaire.

The study revealed a high level of fatigue among COPD people, with an overall mean fatigue score of 5.07±0.62. Particularly noteworthy was the association between heightenedfatigue levels and factors suchas disease-related disabilityand interferencewith daily responsibilities. The overall mean QOL score was low (2.665±0.39), with the physical domain displaying the lowest mean score (2.6±0.47). Fatigue and QOL were significantly and negatively correlated.

COPD people in Jordan experience substantial levels of fatigue, negatively impacting their QOL. Unfortunately, fatigue is often unnoticed in healthcare services. Addressing fatigue should be a crucial aspect of treatment plans for these people. Particularly during pandemics or service disruptions, additional attention is needed to manage fatigue among COPD people effectively. Digital health interventions may offer opportunities toenhance continuityand qualityof care, especiallyduringchallengingtimes.

Food insecurity (FI) is a public health issue which is receiving increasing attention in many countries. In responding to sustainable development goals, achieving food security is of essential importance. This study aims to demonstrate the level of food insecurity among postgraduate students at Jerash University/Jordan, discuss the most important factors associated with it, and show its relation to the student's academic performance.

A random sample of 126 postgraduate students has been interviewed in this cross-sectional study. The level of FI for the study sample was determined using the 10-item US Adult Household Food Security Scale Module (HFSSM). The association between students’ characteristics and their food security (FS) level was analyzed through chi-square test and a multivariate regression method.

The results of the study revealed that 67% had marginal or fragile food security level, 25% were highly food secure, and 8% of the sample suffered from food insecurity. The results showed that the association between food security and students' gender and age was insignificant (P > 0.05). As for the rest of the associated characteristics, there was a significant relationship between the students' food security and their marital status, family size, stable-income work, and their monthly income.

A percentage of postgraduate students suffer from food insecurity, which is an important obstacle to their academic progress. Moreover, the level of food security is related to the student's marital status, family size, job with stable income, and the amount of monthly income.

the study aimed to apply and validate the modified Gail Model (GM) in a group of Jordanian women to identify their estimated 5-years and lifelong breast cancer risk.

This cross-sectional study was carried out in Jordan, wherein data were gathered from women who had no previous personal history of breast cancer during the period from January 2020 to June 2020. Sociodemographic characteristics and other breast cancer-related factors were gathered from the participants. Breast cancer risks were determined using the Breast Cancer Risk Assessment Tool (BCRAT) of the National Cancer Institute Online version (Gail Model version 2). Data were analyzed using the SPSS

A total of 502 women were involved in our study. The mean age was 47±8.8 years (range: 35-83). The majority of the women were married (93.6%). Twenty-seven women (5.2%) were nulliparous. Regarding menarche age, 243 women (47.3%) had their first cycle at the age of 12-13 years. One hundred women (19.9%) reported at least one family member with a breast cancer diagnosis while 23 women (4.6%) had a member with an ovarian cancer diagnosis. The calculated median for the 5-year BC risk was 0.8 (0.5 to 1.2), while the median for the lifetime risk was 9.2 (7.8 to 11.1). Thirty-eight women (7.6%) and 12 (2.4%) were categorized as having a high risk of developing BC in five years and a lifetime, respectively.

The utilization of Gail models can help healthcare providers identify a subset of women who are at an increased risk for breast cancer and personalize their approach in selecting the timing schedule and modality for breast cancer screening.

Halawet eljibn is a popular Ready-to-Eat sweet in the Levant region. However, its non-machinery preparation and lack of final heating increase the risk of contamination by microorganisms that can cause food-borne illnesses. The study aimed to investigate the numbers of microorganisms present in commercially produced halawet eljibn in Jordan.

Sixty samples of halawet eljibn were collected from 15 sweet shops in Amman, Jordan at two intervals. Two sample units were taken from each sweet shop, and two reference samples were prepared under hygienic conditions for comparison purposes. The study evaluated the chemical properties of the samples, including moisture content, pH, and titratable acidity, and also assessed their microbiological quality through Aerobic Plate Count, Coliform Count, Lactic Acid Bacteria count, Staphylococcus aureus count, and yeast and mold count analyses.

In this study, the samples exhibited a moisture content ranging from 40.9 to 49.8%, a pH range of 5.7 to 6.7, and acidity levels varying between 0.14 and 0.45%. The average Aerobic Plate Count and the counts of coliforms, Lactic Acid Bacteria, yeast and mold and S. aureus for halawet eljibn market samples were 6.6, 4.1, 6.8, 3.2, and 2.0 log Colony Forming Unit (CFU)/g, respectively. Counts of interval I (10th October-12th December) samples were significantly higher than those of interval II (19th December-10th January). The same average counts of the reference samples were significantly lower (2.3, <10, 1.6, 1.4, and <10 log CFU/g, respectively).

The study findings indicate that halawet eljibn provides an appropriate environment for microbial growth. The observed non-adherence to optimal hygienic practices during the production and handling of halawet eljibn underscores the need for more rigorous regulations to ensure its microbiological quality and safety.

 Toddlers are consuming more energy-dense, nutrient-poor foodstuffs in discordance with international dietary guidelines. Limited data are available on the dietary habits of children in Jordan.

 This study aimed primarily at assessing the local validity of the NutricheQ tool in reflecting the nutritional risk status of 12- to 36-month-old toddlers in Jordan.

 This national, multicentre, observational validation study analyzed the data of healthy 12- to 36-month-old toddlers who were identified and prospectively enrolled during a routine clinic visit. After providing written informed consent, the parents or legal guardians of toddlers were asked to (a) complete a food intake diary form (FIDF) over three days (two weekdays and one weekend day); and (b) to answer the NutricheQ questionnaire completed by the physician during a single outpatient visit, as part of the case report form (CRF).

 Out of 213 Jordanian toddlers, 31 (14.6%) were at low nutritional risk; 145 (68.1%) (95% confidential interval (CI): 61.5 - 74.0) were at moderate nutritional risk, and 37 (17.4%) (95% CI: 12.8 - 23.1) were at an increased nutritional risk. The average nutritional intake of the toddlers did not meet the daily intake of the main nutrients recommended across all food categories, with a default daily intake of vitamin A, vitamin D, fiber, and iodine and an excess daily intake of protein and iron. NutricheQ-predicted risk categories significantly correlated with meat intake and the number of weekly servings of fruits and cooked vegetables.

 NutricheQ is a valid tool to predict nutritional risk among toddlers in Jordan.

Tracheostomy care is a standard procedure that nurses perform in Critical Care Units (CCUs) to reduce complications from tracheostomy. The literature indicates a clear variety of care and practice in managing tracheostomy patients within the healthcare system. This study was conducted to assess the knowledge level of tracheostomy care among nurses in CCUs in Jordanian hospitals.

A cross‑sectional descriptive design was used for this study. A convenience sample of 260 nurses working in the CCUs of four government hospitals completed a self‑reported structured questionnaire. Data were collected from January 2021 to March 2021. A t‑test and one‑way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) were used to assess the differences among socio‑demographic variables in terms of knowledge score.

The result revealed that the level of knowledge was suboptimal. There was a statistically significant difference in the mean level of knowledge regarding tracheostomy care (in all dimensions) by age (F = 22.595, p </em>< 0.001), educational level (F = 355.30, p </em>< 0.001), and work experience (F = 13.63, p </em>< 0.001). For gender, there was a statistically significant difference in knowledge of the tracheostomy suctioning dimension (p </em>= 0.001).

The level of knowledge among nurses regarding tracheostomy care was moderate, indicating an urgent need for educationHighlightsRasha Abu Sahyoun: PubMed, Google Scholar

Many patients do not have a clear idea about the recovery from COVID-19 infection. This study focuses on the prevalence of persistent symptoms of COVID-19 infection as well as new symptoms that appear after recovery, and it aids in determining the relationships between these symptoms and a variety of variables.

An online observational study was conducted between April and June 2022. It consisted of a self-administered web-based questionnaire conducted using social media platforms. Inclusion criteria were residency in Jordan, being 18 years of age or older, having recovered from COVID-19 for at least 90 days, and giving consent to participate. Participants whose infection was not confirmed by a positive PCR were excluded.

The most common persistent symptoms were loss of smell (34.7%), fatigue (34.6%), loss of taste (29.5%), myalgia (26.3%), and headache (25.9%), while the most common newly appearing symptoms after recovery were smell hallucinations (15.8%), fatigue (15.5%), taste hallucinations (14.9%), and focus impairment (12.9%) and smell impairment (12.8%). The symptoms persisted more in females, non-smokers, and those who needed medical care sor oxygesnation and with increased infection duration.

The study about persistent and new symptoms after COVID-19 among Jordanians found a greater prevalence of symptoms related to the sense of smell. There is no association between persistent and new symptoms after COVID-19 recovery with comorbidities or oxygen therapy during illness. We recommend studying the effect of COVID-19 mutants and vaccination on the persistence of symptoms after recovery.

Obesity is a global pandemic health problem. Attempting weight reduction, excess weight people commonly seek herbal products in addition to claim diets. We aimed to assess the prevalence of consuming herbal and dietary products for weight loss purposes and to assess weight reduction attitudes and beliefs among a group of excess-weight adults in Jordan.

A cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of 477 Jordanian adults (81.6% females), between Feb-Apr/2021. The study data collection was completed by using a validated online structured questionnaire.

28.9% of the male participants reported that the most common source of diets they followed was by themselves (43.2%) and by dietitians (25%). Whereas female participants followed the weight reduction diets prescribed by dietitians, by themselves, and on the internet (31.1%; 26.5%, and 23.7; respectively, P=0.011). The majority of participants from both genders do not believe in using weight reduction herbs alone for losing weight; it must be done along with diet and exercise (P=0.018). Females who use herbs for weight reduction were more than males. In addition, green tea was the most used herb by all participants (8%). The main advisor for using weight reduction herbs and dietary products in females was the internet (30.1%) followed by their own (24.2%). However, in males, it was by their own (21.6%), then by a dietitian (12.6%), and by the internet (12.5%) (P=0.001). Moreover, a quarter of male participants and 21.6% of females did not feel that using herbs to lose weight was efficient.

The excess weight adults in Jordan seek to use diet, herbs, and dietary products for weight reduction, advised by unreliable sources. Although the majority are convinced that it is not effective alone, further studies are needed to assess the side effects and safety of such consumption among the population.

One type of the developed COVID-19 vaccines that received emergency permission and was approved bythe food and drug administration (FDA) is the mRNA-based vaccine. The aim of this study is to gather information on theJordanian population’s experience with the vaccine’s side effects.

The study objectives were addressed througha cross-sectional study, which collected information regarding the short-term side effects experienced by the vaccinatedindividuals within one month following the injection of an mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccine. Data collection was carriedout in August 2021. Participants were invited to take part in a self-administered web-based survey created using GoogleForms.

Among the study’s participants (n= 533), about 56% experienced side effects after the first dose of themRNA-based COVID-19 vaccine. The most commonly reported side effects after the first dose were sore arm at theinjection site (91.6%), and fatigue (83.06%). The female gender was significantly associated with experiencing fatigue,discomfort, chills, and hair loss. Being over 30 years old was significantly associated with experiencing cough. Being asmoker was significantly associated with experiencing shortness of breath and gastrointestinal symptoms.

The mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccine side effects were common, yet, mild, local, and self-limited. The local pain at theinjection site was the most commonly reported side effect. Hopefully, the study’s findings will aid in lowering resistanceto vaccination.

A midwife needs to know how to assess fetal heart rates, recognize and interpret fetal heart patterns, report any substandard patterns, and initiate supportive measures as necessary.

This study aims to assess the knowledge and attitudes of midwives concerning the interpretation and use of cardiotocographs.

This cross-sectional study involves 183 midwives working in maternity units across all Jordanian regions. An online survey was used to collect data, including 6 demographic questions, 10 questions about knowledge, and 25 questions about attitude. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (Mean±SD, No. [%]), ANOVA, and the Pearson correlation tests. The significance level was set to be <0.05.

Most participants were 21 to 30 years old, and most midwives (59.6%) had no more than six years of experience. The result showed that the total scores for the knowledge and attitude regarding cardiotocographs (CTGs) interpretation and usage were 68.7% and 73.0%, respectively. There is a significant relationship between the knowledge about the interpretation and use of CTGs and the years of experience (P=0.003), with higher knowledge scores among midwives with fewer than 6 years of experience. Furthermore, there is a significant relationship between the knowledge of CTGs and level of education (P=0.002), indicating higher knowledge scores among midwives with a degree. The knowledge about classifying the CTG traces was significantly correlated with the region of work (P=0.018), with higher scores among midwives from the southern region. Finally, there was a positive correlation between knowledge and attitude (r=0.007, P<0.05).

Based on the study result, the participant’s knowledge and attitudes are not satisfactory; thus, comprehensive education and training should be prioritized to improve midwives’ knowledge and attitudes toward using cardiotocograph.

According to 2019 worldwide statistics, there were more than 1 billion tobacco smokers, making smoking one of the top significant preventable causes of disease and early death. Smoking poses a considerable problem to healthcare systems throughout the world. The coronavirus outbreak, which is now sweeping the world, is causing extensive concern. Since December 2020, several COVID-19 vaccines have been produced and approved, and an efficient immunologic response to vaccination is essential to limiting the pandemic’s harmful health effects. According to several of these research studies, smokers’ vaccine antibody (Ab) titers are lower or decrease more quickly than non-smokers. Thus, this narrative review article was conducted aiming at finding the impact of smoking on anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 immunoglobulin G Ab titers after COVID-19 vaccination in some Asian countries, including China, Japan, Jordan, and Turkey. Relevant English publications from the Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar were searched and extracted using keywords such as COVID-19, smoking, vaccination, China, Japan, Jordan, and Turkey. This review revealed that smoking is one of the significant risk factors for COVID-19 infection that emerges after vaccination. Present smoking could promote lower Ab titers, and quitting smoking before immunization increased the ability to respond to the vaccine. Moreover, cigarette smoking and the use of tobacco products could be predictors of a reduced immunological response to the COVID-19 vaccination. To develop a more individualized strategy for vaccination, additional research on the relationships between Ab titers and the thorough histories of people, including smoking history, is necessary. 

Public awareness and attitudes toward cancer and cancer patients are highly important in enhancing the effectiveness of cancer screening and early diagnosis programmes. This study aimed to explore the public attitudes toward cancer and cancer patients in Jordan.
A cross-sectional design was used to conduct this online survey study in Jordan between March 20th and April 20th 2020.The sample was conveniently selected, and 1157 participants were included from the public. The Public Attitudes toward Cancer Questionnaire was employed.
Descriptive statistics, unpaired t-test, ANOVA, and multiple linear regression were utilized. The mean age was 44.2 years (SD = 20.1), and 53% were female. The total mean attitude score was 38.2 (SD = 4.3). Based on the results, having a family member or a friend with cancer (P = 0.003), willingness to be informed about cancer diagnosis (P = 0.001), informing a friend about cancer diagnosis (P = 0.021), and willingness to participate in screening and early detection programmes (P < 0.001) were significant predictive positive attitudes towards cancer and cancer patients. In addition, being married predicted more negative attitudes compared with being single (P = 0.001).
This study demonstrated that Jordanians had positive attitudes toward cancer and cancer patients and most were willing to be informed about cancer diagnosis. This calls for healthcare providers to adopt shared decision models when devising health care plans for cancer patients, with more involvement on the parts of both patients and family members rather than adopting a paternal approach. Policy makers and managers should consider positive attitudes when developing healthcare programmes to enhance public participation in early cancer detection and screening programmes so a s to reduce cancer mortality and morbidity rates.

Consumption of fast food is pervasive among young adults. This research aimed to assess the impact of consuming fast foods on total cholesterol level among university students in Northern Jordan.

Using a cross-sectional design, a blood sample to investigate cholesterol level was drawn from a sample of university students in Northern Jordan. Besides, students’ dietary habits and anthropometric measurements were obtained.

Out of 201 participants, 57% (n=115) were male and 43% (n=86) were female. More than three quarters of the sample ate shawarma (Mediterranean fast food) at least once per week. About 44% of the study subjects had increased BMI and about 37% had increased serum cholesterol level. Participants’ gender, age, marital status, physical activity, BMI, living status, and daily pocket money significantly correlated with cholesterol level (P<0.05). In the regression analysis, eating fast foods and increased BMI were strong predictors of high cholesterol level. Students who ate shawarma more than 3 times a week had more than 8 folds to have hypercholesterolemia (OR=8.4; CI: 2.62-26.72), and obese students were more than 14 folds at higher risk to have hypercholesterolemia compared to those with normal BMI (OR=14.2; CI: 4.80-42.29). In addition, male students had doubled odds for having abnormal cholesterol level compared to females (OR=2.1; CI: 1.10-4.44).

Fast food consumption among university students in Jordan was significantly associated with increased total cholesterol level. Encouraging healthy diet and lifestyle are the basis for prevention of dyslipidemia.

Some health care providers feel uncomfortable to lead cost communication. They spend most of their time providing psychological and physiological care, while the willingness to discuss costs with their patients is uncertain.

We aimed to explore Jordanian nurses’ and physicians’ attitudes toward cost communication with patient and explore potential predictors of this action.

Descriptive correlational survey design was conducted in 2019. A questionnaire was used to measure attitudes regarding the cost communication. A total of 122 Jordanian nurses and physician from a governmental hospital were participated in this study. Pearson’s r coefficient correlation and multiple regression were used to analyze the data.

Jordanian health care providers demonstrated a positive attitude toward communicating cost issues with their patients. Most of them (68%), preferred to explain the cost that patients have to pay. The years of experience significantly predicted health care provider’s positive attitude in cost discussion (β = 0.214, P < 0.05).

Findings support the importance of discussing treatment‑associated costs with patients. Jordanian healthcare providers are comfortable with and desire to discuss treatment‑associated costs. Furthermore, the present findings emphasize to develop educational programs for health care provides to improve their financial and communication management skills.

Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) was responsible for 7.4 million deaths globally. Self-care is an integral element of standard medical management for CHD. The aims of this study were: (1) to describe self-care maintenance, self-care monitoring, self-care management, and self-care confidence among patients with CHD patients; and (2) to identify predictors of self-care maintenance, self-care monitoring, self-care management, and self-care confidence in Jordanian CHD patients.

 A descriptive cross-sectional design was used. A sample of 193 patients with CHD was interviewed. Self-care behaviors were measured by the Self-Care Coronary Heart Disease Index (SC-CHDI). Anxiety and depression were assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HAD), and social support was assessed using the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS).

The mean age of the participants was 60.4 years (SD=10.61). 139 (72%) of the participants were males. Female patients were significantly worse than male patients in self-care management (P=0.045) and self-care confidence (P=0.014). Significant predictors for better self-care maintenance were older age and higher self-care confidence. The prediction model explained 17.6% of the variance in self-care maintenance (F= 4.188, P=. <001). The significant predictors for self-care confidence were self-care maintenance, self-care management, and BMI. The prediction model explained 29% of the variance in the self-care confidence (F= 7. 137, P=. <001).

The study revealed that self-care maintenance was adequate while self-care management and self-care confidence were suboptimal. Older age, higher educational level, and better self-care confidence were predictors of higher self-care maintenance.

The Celiac Disease (CD) is an autoimmune enteropathy triggered by dietary gluten in genetically susceptible  individuals. CD is considered one of the gluten-related disorders characterized by a small bowel enteropathy occurring in genetically susceptible individuals while exposed to the gliadin protein found in wheat, barley, and rye.  This review has been conducted to create Jordanian  customized  recommendations  for  patient  status,  the  prevalence  of  CD  in  Jordan. This  review  has  been  conducted employing Google Scholar, Medline, and PubMed. On these websites, we searched for articles on any date using critical terms related  to  celiac  disease:  "celiac  disease",  "celiac",  "coeliac  disease",  "tissue  transglutaminase  antibody",  "anti -endomysium antibody", "endomysial antibody", "prevalence", and "Jordan." In total, five research papers were retrieved. The results indi cated that the total prevalence of CD is still unknown in Jordan due to the lack of research and the varying diagnosis methods.  The available data is limited in order to build a comprehensive view of CD prevalence in Jordan. Nevertheless, minimal studies were carried out on a CD patient's awareness and education, and no intervention studies were available on CD patients among the Jordanian society. Therefore, a crude population prevalence study is needed .

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic spans all aspects of life. This study aimed to investigate the mental health situation of Jordanian university students during the COVID-19 pandemic.

This cross-sectional study on 1000 university students from April to May 2020. A web-based survey that investigates students' psychological distress and anxiety was conducted. Google Form was used to create the survey, and it was published using Facebook and WhatsApp applications over university students’ groups. SPSS 19 software was used for analysis. Nonparametric tests (Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis) were used to examine the significant associations between psychological distress and anxiety; an ordinal regression analysis was also performed.

Of the 1000 students who filled the questionnaire, 39.3% were male, and 60.7% were female. The Mean±SD age of the student was 22±3.8 years old. 42.1% suffer from distress, and 72.6% suffer from anxiety. Furthermore, male gender and family income stability were protective factors against psychological distress and anxiety. Regions (Irbid, Balqa, Jerash, Ajloun, Alzarqa, Tafila, Amman, Aqaba, Karak, Maan) were considered as a risk factor.

Covid-19 pandemic affects students’ mental health, primarily distress and anxiety. Male gender and family income stability are protective factors. Some regions are considered as risk factors.

Performing basic life support (BLS) in patients with cardiopulmonary arrest decreases mortality and morbidity. In addition, BLS knowledge is a prerequisite for medical graduation. The present study was conducted to determine the awareness level of undergraduate medical students in Jordan regarding BLS and background knowledge. 

This cross-sectional study was conducted between 17 April 2021 and 12 May 2021. A validated questionnaire was used as an online Google form and was posted in all medical student groups and Jordanian universities through various social medias. We categorized level of awareness into two groups: adequate awareness for those who got 60% or more, and inadequate awareness for those who got less than 60% in BLS test. Chi-square test was used to compare different variables. 

A total of 886 students with a mean age of 21.5 (± 2.2) years completed the survey, including 552 females (62.3%). Among participated students, only 281 (31.7%) had adequate awareness, whereas 605 (68.3%) had inadequate awareness, with a mean score of 10 (± 3.8) out of 20. Surprisingly, there was no statistically significant correlation (P=0.210) between grade point average (GPA) and awareness level among participated students. On the contrary, we detected statistically significant relationships (P<0.001) between various variables and awareness level. 

Overall, we found that awareness of BLS among medical students in Jordan is not adequate. We can improve the awareness of medical students in this regard through obligating them to educate the general population, especially school students, as a volunteer campaign.

Over the past decades, the consumption of fast foods has increased worldwide and became favored by people of most age groups. The objective of this research was to assess the impact of fast foods on liver enzyme levels and body weight.

A cross‑sectional study was conducted at Yarmouk University/Jordan using survey questionnaire and enquired university students about their dietary habits, in addition to laboratory investigations of liver enzymes.

In the cross‑tabulation analysis, only age and body mass index (BMI) were significantly associated with alanine aminotransferase (ALT) enzyme level. However, all differences between aspartate aminotransferase (AST) level and other variables were statistically insignificant. The AST/ALT ratio was calculated and revealed significant statistical association with BMI of participants (P = 0.001). Change in body weight during one year was significantly associated with eating fast food (P = 0.031), drinking beverages with fast food meals (P = 0.001), and ALT level (P = 0.026). However, this association was statistically insignificant with AST level.

Fast food consumption among university students in Jordan was not significantly associated with increasing levels of ALT and AST liver enzymes. However, eating fast food and drinking soft drinks were associated with increasing body weight, which is expected to have adverse effect on liver functions in the long term.