جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "legal status" در نشریات گروه "پزشکی"

Along with the use of stem cells technology, many jurisprudential, moral, and legal challenges have been created, including the exploitation of women, intentional abortion, conversion embryos into commodities, stem cells trade, breaking the human dignity, and threats caused by biological agents. Elimination of such possible consequences requires drafting laws and legal mechanisms compatible with regional and cultural beliefs of peoples in the country. The aim of this study was to investigate jurisprudence-legal approaches to stem cells technology. Embryonic stem cells are more favorable to the medical community due to their lack of differentiation for the treatment of various diseases; since the extraction of embryonic stem cells necessarily involves the destruction of embryos, there will be many debates and disagreements, and there are ethical, religious, and sometimes dissenting views on the subject in general. The present review research was conducted, using library and documentary method and studying books, papers, and researches and other authoritave scientific references. Despite many efforts in the framework of formal and informal arrangements and considering religious, cultural, and social potential capacities of the country, unfortunately the rules in this issue require a serious and effective plan.

Disability in human societies dates back to the history of humanity and the extent of disability in the world is irrefutable. According to a report published by the World Health Organization, about 1.5% of the world's population is disabled. The existence of millions of disabled people around the world has raised the issue of disability as a global issue and the issue of human rights of people with disabilities is one of the greatest challenges of today's societies. Therefore, the rights of disabled people have been attentive to the United Nations and other international organizations over a long period of time. The UN General Assembly, in its most important step in 2006, approved the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and its related optional protocol. The purpose of this Convention is to protect the rights of persons with disabilities from all human rights and fundamental freedoms and to promote respect for their inherent dignity. One of the basic rights of persons with disabilities is the right to participate in sports activities. Because the participation of the disabled in sports activities has increased the level of happiness, self-confidence, independence, socialization and life expectancy. The aim of this survey was to investigate environmental barriers to participation in physical activity through a legal perspective. The research was practical in purpose and data collection method was descriptive – survey. The study population of this study includes all physically and mentally handicapped people in Golestan province, of whom 173 individuals were selected through random sampling. The research instruments for were a questionnaire designed by Poorrnjbar (1393), Zebardast (1395), Text Convention on the Rights of Disabled Persons (Jan Ghorban & Zare, 1390) and other specialized texts, whose validity was confirmed by the professors. The internal consistency of the questionnaire was obtained by using the Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the whole questionnaire (alpha = 0.87). The Friedman test, t test and Pearson  correlation coefficient were used to test the research hypotheses.  Statistical Package for Social Sciences Software (version 21) was used to analyze the data. Research findings on the description and prioritization of the average rating among types of activities of the disabled persons in leisure time showed that participation in sports activities was among the lowest rank. Among the 18 indicators of the legal status of the disabled, the only 3 indicators, namely, "the right to education and equal opportunity at all levels and in the form of lifelong learning, respect for the inherent dignity and individual autonomy, enjoying the right to liberty and individual security equal to others" from the perspective of the disabled persons were found to be desirable. Also, there is a negative and significant relationship between the level of activity of the disabled and each of the barriers at the 99% confidence level; From the strongest to the weakest severity of the relationship with the degree of participation of persons with disabilities, respectively, are the "economic", "sports facilities and facilities", "social protection", "information and advertising", "access to the gym and playgrounds", "management and program" "And "mental and physical barriers". According to the findings of this research, economic and social support is one of the effective factors in increasing the participation of the disabled persons in sports activities.

The syndrome of physical and mental symptoms that present a clinical disease or disorder is hereditary. This phenomenon is due to an irregularity in the chromosome during cell division occurs in the embryonic stages. Those who have Down syndrome in their body cells have 46 chromosomes instead of 47 chromosomes. Extra chromosome in the body of a person who has Down syndrome، causes physical and mental changes. As far as the most worrying factor in Down syndrome، is mental retardation. Down syndrome is the subject of medical issues that have been discussed، but rarely in legal writing on legal issues of the people، is the answer found. Therefore it is necessary that the law be examined. In this article we try، following the introduction of a variety of mental retardation and Down syndrome to describe and compare them with those incapable of law. And their position in the jurisprudence of the evidence in this case Not mature finally prove that they are in financial and non-financial and madness when they should be.

In this survey، we are trying to illustrate rights and liberties of aid workers and medical personnel in the case of an Armed Conflict. In this Regard، at the very outset، legal status of humanitarian aid workers will be descried and then we will elaborate on their sets rights and liberties. At the first instance، the most important factor per se، is accessibility to victims of an armed conflict which denial of humanitarian aid in the case of accumulating with other contextual factors mentioned in international criminal court statute may lead to committing an international crime. Then، secure medical personnel’s operations and maintenance of their own security is vital for continuance humanitarian operations. Moreover، clear cut distinction between humanitarian aid groups’ rights and powers is based on different phases of the conflict and different context of the armed conflict. For an instance، legal regime on occupied territory relatively has a broad set of rights for medical personnel. Also in the case of their arrest by adverse party military forces، the treatment with this personnel elaborated in Geneva Convention.