جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « linalool » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

This research aimed to investigate the effect of 8 weeks of interval training and the use of cineole, linalool, and bourbonene on MAPK/Arc gene expression and learning in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) rats.

In this experimental study, 40 AD rats were randomized into eight groups, including (1) control, (2) AD, (3) AD+aerobic training (AT), (4) AD+linalool, cineole, and bourbonene (LCB), (5) AD+AT+LCB, (6) AT+AD, (7) LCB+AD, and (8) AT+LCB+AD. AD was induced by injecting amyloid-beta (Aβ1)-42 into the hippocampus of rats. The interval training protocol was performed five days per week for eight weeks before and after AD induction. Linalool at a concentration of 25 mg/kg, cineole at a concentration of 10 µM, and β-bourbonene at a concentration of 10 µg/mL were used for eight weeks. One-way analysis of variance was used for between-group comparisons, and Tukey’s test was used for pairwise comparisons at P≤0.05.

AD induction caused a significant decrease in MAPK/Arc gene expression in hippocampal tissue (P=0.001). Interval exercise and consumption of three herbal drugs significantly increased gene expression of Arc (P=0.001) and MAPK (P=0.001). AD induction decreased learning (P=0.001). Interval exercise and consumption of three herbal medicines caused a significant increase in learning (P=0.001).

Interval exercise and using three herbal medicines have more favorable effects on improving MAPK/Arc gene expression and learning in AD than each alone.

Zhumeria majdae Rech. F. & Wendelbo. traditionally has been used in several remedies, as a carminative agent especially for children, as an antiseptic agent, and it is used in treating diarrhea, stomach irritations, headaches, colds, convulsions, spasms, dysmenorrhea, and healing wounds. According to clinical studies, it is highly effective for reducing inflammation and pain, treating bacterial and fungal infections, morphine tolerance, morphine dependence, withdrawal syndrome symptoms, convulsions, and diabetes. The goal of this review is to find therapeutic opportunities by analyzing the traditional uses and pharmacological effects of the chemical constituents of Z. majdae.The information on Z. majdae in this review was gathered from scientific databases or search engines (PubMed, Wiley Online Library, Scopus, SID, Google Scholar, and Microsoft Academic). The literature cited in this review dates from 1992 to 2021. Several bioactive components including linalool, camphor, manool, and bioactive diterpenoids are presen in different parts of Z. majdae. Various properties were observed such as antioxidant, antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiviral, larvicidal, anticonvulsant, antidiabetic, and anticancer properties. Also, the effect of Z. majdae on morphine tolerance, morphine dependence, and withdrawal syndrome as well as its toxicology has been established. Although there are in vitro and animal studies on several pharmacological effects of Z. majdae, the lack of clinical studies is significant. Therefore, further clinical trials should be performed to confirm the in vitro and animal findings.

Today, due to the increasing use of natural and traditional medicinal products, control and standardization of herbal and traditional medicinal products is very important. As most of the traditional medicinal plants are not scientifically validated, scientific evaluation along with traditional knowledge is essential to obtain effective drugs with significant control over the quality of the product for commercial purpose. In traditional Persian medicine, various forms of medicine including one or a combination of several drugs are mentioned. Coriander Triphala widely prescribed as a purgative, gastrointestinal and mental tonic. Despite the widespread use of this drug, no significant control or standardization and documented pharmacognosy studies have been performed on it. Therefore this study is developed for this purpose.  In this study, the traditional form of Coriander Triphala was prepared based on the pharmaceutics points mentioned in traditional medicine texts and quality control and pharmacognostic studies were performed. The associated fingerprints were performed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and then one of the main components of the product was determined by as gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID).  The spectrum of essential oils of Coriander Triphala and Coriander had 59.19% and 75.34% linalool, respectively. The microbial assay showed no undesirable results. The IR spectrum of Coriander Triphala at first day and 40 days later differed by 2%.  Standardization of the product using GC-FID indicates the presence of 0.172 μg linalool in 100 g the Coriander Triphala product.

Zataria multiflora Boiss L. (Z. multiflora) is belonged to the Lamiaceae family, formerly used for culinary and medicinal purposes. Various pharmacological effects of Z. multiflora such as bronchodilation, effect on lung inflammation, cold and gynecology disorders have been reported. A literature search was performed in the following databases: Science Direct, PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar. The keywords including “Zataria multiflora Boiss.”, “carvacrol”, “thymol”, “linalool”, “smooth muscle” and “relaxant effects” were searched. The relaxant effects of Z. multiflora and its ingredients on different smooth muscles including trachea, vascular, gastrointestinal and urogenital smooth muscle were demonstrated. The relaxant effect of Z. multiflora on smooth muscles could be of therapeutic importance, such as bronchodilation in obstructive respiratory disorders, vasodilation in hypertension and reliving digestive or urogenital disorders. The possible mechanisms of the relaxant effect of Z. multiflora and its components, mainly carvacrol on smooth muscle such as inhibitory effect on histamine (H1) and muscarinic receptors, calcium channel blocking effects and stimulatory effect on the beta adrenergic receptor were shown.

Plants of the genus Scutellaria, commonly known as skullcap, belong to the Lamiaceae family. There are 22 species of Scutellaria in Iran, 10 species of which are native to Iran. Plants of this genus have several effects including neuroprotective, hepatoprotective, anti-cancer, antimicrobial, antiviral, and antioxidant. They are also effective in insomnia and dementia conditions.

The aim of this study was to investigate the composition of essential oils and aromatic waters of some native Scutellaria species from Iran.

Aerial parts of Scutellaria pinnatifida with different subspecies such as mucida, viridis, and alpina, Scutellaria tournefortii, and Scutellaria tomentosa were collected from different regions of Iran. The essential oils and hexane extracts of aromatic waters of selected plants in this genus were obtained by hydrodistillation with clevenger type apparatus and analyzed by GC-MS.

The results of this study showed that germacrene D, caryophyllene derivatives and linalool are found in abundance in the essential oils of these plants. The main terpenoids in the aromatic waters of these plants were linalool and 1-octen-3-ol.

The analysis of the essential oils and aromatic waters of Scutellaria species demonstrated that different geographical factors such as altitude and the season of plant collection can be effective on the production of plant secondary metabolites.

Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) is an annual herb belonging to the Apiaceae (Umbellifera) family that is used as food additives traditionally. This plant is called “Geshniz” in Persian and is native to Mediterranean regions but it is currently cultivated in several countries. All parts of coriander are edible and have been traditionally used to treat different disorders, including digestive problems, flatulence, diarrhea, colic and other gastrointestinal diseases.

The databases PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar and Scopus were considered. The search terms were “Coriandrum sativum” or “linalool” and “anti-anxiety”, “sedative”, “antioxidant effect”, “anticonvulsant” and “neuroprotective effect”.

Antioxidant, diuretic, cholesterol lowering, anxiolytic, sedative-hypnotic and anticonvulsant activities were reported for the seeds and leaves of the plant. Furthermore, linalool as the main component of coriander has different neuropharmacological effects, including anti-anxiety, sedative, anticonvulsant and anti-Alzheimer’s disease activities.

Various neuropharmacological effects of C. sativum and its component which have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, have been summarized in the current review article.

Tanacetum persicum (Boiss.) Mozaff is a plant with a long history in Iranian traditional medicine as an antiseptic medicinal plant.
This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of T. persicum essential oil and analyze its chemical composition.
In this study, the chemical composition of the aerial part essential oil of T. persicum was analyzed by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy apparatuses. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated against Helicobacter pylori, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella enterica by disc diffusion and micro-broth dilution assays.
The antioxidant activity of the essential oil was compared with ascorbic acid against ABTS free radicals. Borneol (33.5%), bornyl acetate (12.8%), and linalool (9.1%) were the main components of the essential oil of T. persicum. S. aureus, which has a high inhibition zone diameter (mm) and low minimal inhibitory concentration and minimal bactericidal concentration values, showed the most sensitivity to essential oil, followed by S. enterica and H. pylori. The antioxidant activity of the essential oil was the same as that of ascorbic acid (IC50 = 20 ppm).
The essential oil of T. persicum is a good source of borneol and a valuable antioxidant and antimicrobial agent.

The effect of linalool, a terpene alcohol found in many plants, which inhibits NMDA receptors, on the acquisition and reinstatement of morphine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) was evaluated in mice.
Material and The effects of different doses of linalool (12.5, 25 and 50 mg/kg, i.p.), memantine (20 mg/kg, an NMDA receptor antagonist) and saline, in CPP induced by 40 mg/kg of morphine were investigated in mice. In another experiment, a single injection of morphine (10 mg/kg) reinstated the place reference following extinction of a place preference induced by morphine (40 mg/kg). Linalool (12.5, 25 and 50 mg/kg, i.p.), memantine (20 mg/kg) and saline were administrated 30 min before this priming dose of morphine.
In the first experiment, linalool (12.5 and 50 mg/kg) was able to decrease morphine-induced CPP. In the second part, linalool (25 and 50 mg/kg) reduced morphine-induced reinstatement of place preference. Both acquisition and reinstatement of morphine-induced CPP, were considerably decreased by memantine.
The present study showed that linalool is able to reduce the acquisition and reinstatement of morphine-induced CPP which might be due tothrough NMDA receptors blocking.

The aim of our work was to compare cytotoxic and membrane-damaging effects of O. majorana L. essential oil and linalool on Hep G2 and to investigate their possible protective (antioxidant) effects against H2O2 induced membrane damage. The oils were investigated by GC and GC-MS and antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH and -carotene–linoleic acid assays. Assessment of cell viability was made by The CellTiter-Blue® Cell Viability Assay. Also, malondialdehyde levels in Hep G2 cells were assayed after IC10, IC50 and IC70 essential oil and linalool concentrations treated for 24 h.
Five components were identified in the essential oil and the major components of the oil were carvacrol (52.5%) and linalool (45.4%). After 24, 48 and 72 hours incubations IC50 values were calculated respectively, for essential oil 100, 80 and 63 μg/mL, for linalool 81.5, 72.7 and 64.7 μg/mL. The essential oil was able to reduce the stable free radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) with an EC50 of 170 μg/mL. Inhibition value of linoleic acid oxidation was calculated as 40% for the oil. Preincubation with the essential oil and linalool increased cell viability against H2O2 cytotoxicity. The essential oil and its oxygenated monoterpene component linalool significantly decreased membrane-damaging on H2O2 treated Hep G2 cells.

Biosynthesis and metabolism of phytochemicals in medicinal and aromatic plants are vigorously affected by different abiotic elicitors including chemicals.
This experiment was designed to investigate the effects of three levels of copper sulfate (Cu: 0, 5, 25 mg kg-1) and zinc sulfate (Zn: 0, 10, 50 mg kg-1) and their combinations on yield, chemical compositions of essential oil and metals accumulation in sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.).
The amount of employed metals dissolved in 200 ml distilled water and sprayed over each pot, layer by layer as evenly as possible. Physical and chemical properties and concentration of the elements in soil samples were measured. The essential oil was isolated by hydro-distillation and analyzed by GS and GS-MS technique.
Results showed that the dry weight of root, shoot and essential oil yield were increased in treatments of Cu0Zn10, Cu5Zn0 and Cu5Zn10, as compared to control. The increase of Zn levels in soil enhanced the concentration of Zn in shoot and root of plant when compared to control. Also, Zn and Cu antagonized the uptake of together at the high levels. Root tissues always showed greater concentration of both Cu and Zn than those of shoot. The content of linalool and methyl chavicol was significantly increased by application of employed metals in comparison to control plants.
Findings indicate that the growth and essential oil yield of O. basilicum was significantly enhanced by application of low levels of Cu and Zn. However, the highest levels of Cu and Zn were accumulated in root, without significant reduction in growth and biomass values.

Thymus is one of the most important members of Lamiaceae family. Aerial parts of the plant have been widely used in medicine. It has been reported that most of these effects are related to phenolic compounds especially thymol and carvacrol in Thymus essential oil.In this study, aerial parts of Thymus daenensis and Thymus lancifolius were collected from Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad. Essential oil of aerial parts of these plants was gained by hydrodistillation method and the chemical compositions were analyzed by gas chromatography/ Mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The major components of the essential oil of Thymus daenensis were thymol (39.91%), carvacrol (29.93%), linalool (5.55%), caryophyllene (3.5%) and geraniol (3.09%), whereas the major components of the essential oil of Thymus lancifolius were: carvacrol (25.55%), thymol (20.79%), linalool (16.8%), α- terpineol(6.34%), borneol (4.00%), caryophyllene (3.98%), p-cymene (3.38%) and cis-linalool oxide (3.21%). Linalool was reported as another major component in Thymus lancifolius.

Several phytochemical agents have been known to exhibit a neuroprotective effect. Among them, curcumin, linalool, rutin, safranal, and thymoquinonewere widely investigated and neuroprotective activity of each of them was shown by several studies. This work was planned to investigate whether different combinations of them could induce better neuroprotective effect against glucose/serum deprivation (GSD)-induced cytotoxicity. PC12 cells were cultivated for 8 h in GSD condition in both the absence and presence of curcumin, linalool, rutin, safranal, thymoquinone, or combinations of them. At the end of the experiment, the cell viability was determined using MTT assay. The cells cultured in GSD condition showed a significant decrease in viability (28±1%) as compared with those cultured in standard condition (100±2%). In the presence of curcumin (10 µg/ml), linalool (16 µg/ml), rutin (200 µg/ml), safranal (50 µg/ml), and thymoquinone (1 µg/ml), the cell viability increased to 69±3.4% (p<0.001), 44±1.4% (p<0.01), 64±0.5% (p<0.001), 49±2% (p<0.001), and 70±3.2% (p<0.001), respectively. When different combinations of the agents were tested, the best cytoprotective activity was obtained from safranal + curcumin + thymoquinone (97±5%, pvs. untreated cells). The present study demonstrated that a combination of safranal + curcumin + thymoquinone can block GSD-induced cell death and has the potential to be considered for management of cerebral ischemia and neurodegenerative diseases.

Chemical constituents of the essential oil of flowers of Lavandula officinalis Chaix. growing in Isfahan, Iran, were studied by TLC and gas chromatography-mass specrtometery (GC-MS) methods. Twelve components which constitute 94.8% of the examined oil were identified. The main constituents were linalool (34.1%), 1,8-cineole (18.5%), borneol (14.5%), camphor (10.2%), terpinen-4-ol (4.5%), linalyl acetate (3.7%), α-bisabolol (3%), α-terpineol (2.2%) and (Z)-β-farnesene (2.2%).