جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « magnetic resonance imaging » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Macroscopic tumor implants in the hernia sac are a very rare condition. They occur as a result of the implantation of malignant cells in the malignant ascites from the inguinal canal to the hernia sac. In this case report, we share the clinical and radiological findings of the macroscopic tumoral implants in the hernia sac at the level of the inguinal canal and scrotum in a male patient aged 65 years with a history of total gastrectomy for gastric adenocarcinoma and developing malignant ascites six months after the surgery.

Detection of axillary metastases in breast cancer is critical for treatment options and prognosis. The aim of this study is to investigate the value of radiomic features obtained from short tau inversion recovery (STIR) sequences in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of primary tumor in breast cancer in predicting axillary lymph node metastasis (ALNM).

Lesions of 165 patients with a mean age of 51.12 ±11 (range 28-82) with newly diagnosed invasive breast cancer who underwent breast MRI before treatment were manually segmented from STIR sequences in the 3D Slicer program in all sections. Machine learning (ML) analysis was performed using the extracted 851 features Python 3.11, Pycaret library program. Datasets were randomly divided into train (123, 80%) and independent test (63, 20%) datasets. The performances of ML algorithms were compared with area under curve (AUC), accuracy, recall, presicion and F1 scores.

Accuracy and AUC in the training set were in the range of 57 %-86 % and 0.50-0.95, respectively. The best model in the training set was the catBoost classifier with an AUC of 0.95 and 84% accuracy. The AUC, accuracy, recall, precision values and F1 score of the CatBoost classifier on the test set were 0.92, 84 %, 89 %, 85 %, 86 %, respectively.

Radiomic features obtained from primary tumors on STIR sequences have the potential to predict ALNM in invasive breast cancer.

Man in a barrel syndrome (MIBS) presents with bilateral upper extremity weakness but preserved strength in face, neck, and lower extremities. In this case report, two cases of MIBS were admitted to the emergency department (ED) presented. The first patient injured his neck after falling off a ladder. The second patient was a victim of a traffic accident. Bilateral upper extremity weakness was examined in the first patient at first admission to the ED. On the other hand, progressive weakness was shown in the second patient during ED follow-up. The cervical imaging findings consisted with MIBS. This case report and review of literature highlights that physicians should consider every possible cause, even the rarest ones when a patient complains of neck trauma with non-specific symptoms. Rapid identification and treatment of treatable causes such as cerebral hypoperfusion are vital for patient prognosis.

Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) statistics can be valuable in distinguishing three types of brain tumors. The aim is to evaluate the capability of volume under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) surface (VUS) for concurrent differential diagnosis of glioblastoma (GBM), lymphoma (LYM), and metastatic tumor(s) (MTTs) lesions of brain malignancies.

Investigated Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) included 57 GBM, 25 LYM, and 25 MTT that were pathological diagnoses, after MR imaging. Region of interest (ROI) was taken from tumor regions (TUMOR), enhancement area (ENHANCED), and peritumoral edema (EDEM) regions. ADC maps were obtained after selecting a region of interest, and First-Order Histogram Features (FOHs) were extracted. Statistical analysis was performed by MedCalc version 15.8 for comparison of continuous variables between three groups of lesions and plotting the ROC curves. For VUS and correct classification rates (CCR) calculations the R software v2.13.1 with the DiagTest3grp package was used. The confidence interval level was 95% for significant results. Diagnostic accuracy of ADC in the differentiation of mentioned three groups was performed using ROC surface.

ADCMin, ADC75 and ADC95 Percentile values in TUMOR groups of ROI, ADCMaximum, ADCMin, ADCMean, ADCMedian , ADCUniformity and ADCEntropy  in ENHANCED  and ADC25, ADC75, ADC95 Percentiles, ADCMean , ADCNormal Mean , ADCMedian, ADCEntropy, ADCThird Moment and ADCStandardDeviation in EDEM had significant VUS values results among GBM, LYM and MTTs .

VUS analysis is a helpful statistical method for categorizing types of brain tumors. Using the application of FOHs and proposed cut-off points for them by the VUS analysis, the differentiation of more than two types of brain tumors would be possible, concurrently. This will help neurologists and neurosurgeons to plan their treatment and surgery or monitor the status of patients’ therapeutic needs.

To date, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) plays a critical role in the management of rectal cancer. Although neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) is a gold standard approach in advance to surgical management, it might alter the tissue texture, affecting MRI findings applied for decision-making in a procedural approach.

The current study aimed to assess the predictive parameters in MRI associated with response to nCRT in rectal cancer.

The current cross-sectional study has been conducted on 50 patients with rectal cancer who were candidates for nCRT during 2020- 21. Data including tumor markers and MRI parameters including tumor signal, tumor stage (TMN), lymph node involvement, mesorectal fascia (MRF), extramural venous invation (EMVI), peritoneal reflection invasion and tumor size were gathered at baseline and within 4-6 weeks after nCRT. The predictive factors for response to nCRT were evaluated using tumor regression grade (TRG) and TNM staging.

Tumor size (P<0.001), MRI signal intensity (P=0.038), tumor appearance in diffuse weighted imaging (DWI) (P<0.001), tumor stage (P<0.001), lymph node involvement (P<0.001), MRF (P<0.001), EMVI (P<0.001), and peritoneal reflection invasion (P<0.001) remarkably improved in post-nCRT assessments. Tumor size was associated with 3.75 (95%CI: 1.61-8.72) and 2.64 (95%CI: 1.40-4.97) folds, and lymph node involvement was associated with 77% (95%CI: 0.21-15.02) and 60% (95%CI: 0.21- 11.96) increased probability of response to treatment based on TRG and TNM, respectively.

Based on the findings of this study, nCRT could remarkably improve adenocarcinoma of rectal cancer-related laboratory and imaging parameters; however, tumor size and lymph node involvement were the only predicting factors for response to nCRT.

 Incidental findings in imaging are defined as findings that appear accidentally in radiological images, and usually, the patient does not have a complaint related to the desired finding. These findings range from no-risk to high-risk. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of incidental findings of gynecological diseases in hip and sacroiliac Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) in Imam Hossein Hospital in 2022.

 In this cross-sectional descriptive study, all patients referred to Imam Hossein Hospital (Iran-Tehran) during one year (2022) who underwent hip and sacroiliac MRI were evaluated. Hip and sacroiliac MRI images were reviewed. The following pathological findings were recorded: pelvic vascular congestion, ovarian cyst, myoma, and ovarian masses. Patients' information about age and underlying disease were also extracted from patients' files. Hip and sacroiliac diseases were also recorded. Finally, all recorded data were analyzed using the SPSS program.

 Hip and sacroiliac MRI of 364 female patients were assessed. The mean age of the patients was 50.18±13.46 years. Discopathy was the most prevalent finding in the MRI (41.76%) as a pathological finding. The prevalence of incidental findings was 32.3%. The most common incidental finding in MRI was free fluid with a prevalence of 12.1%, and ovarian cyst was seen in 6.3% of patients. There was a significant relationship between most of the incidental findings and age (P-values<0.05).

 The prevalence of incidental findings of gynecological diseases in women undergoing hip and sacroiliac MRI is considerable and shows the importance of the radiologist’s attention to review and report the entire MRI images.

 Considering the importance of paranasal sinus anatomy in treatment planning and related surgeries, the present study aimed to investigate the changes in the dimensions of paranasal sinuses according to age and gender by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

 MRI images of 310 patients, including 200 women and 110 men aged between 10 and 70 years old, were included in the study. The depths of all paranasal sinuses and the width of the left and right frontal sinuses were estimated in the axial plane. In addition, the height of the left and right frontal sinuses in the sagittal plane as well as the width and height of the maxillary and sphenoid sinuses in the coronal plane underwent measurement. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 21, and the significance level was considered at 0.05.

 Except for the width of the right maxillary sinus, the height of the left frontal sinus, and the width and depth of the left sphenoid sinus, a significant relationship was observed between the other dimensions of paranasal sinuses and gender (P<0.05). Only 5 dimensions, including the width of the left and right maxillary sinuses, the height of the left maxillary sinus, the depth of the left frontal sinus, and the depth of the right sphenoid sinus, had significant relationships with age, so that they decreased with age (P<0.05). The highest symmetry was between the left and right maxillary sinuses.

 The paranasal sinus was different in men and women. Some dimensions of paranasal sinuses had a significant relationship with age. These results can be used in planning prosthetic treatments and performing surgeries with fewer complications.

Beta thalassemia major (β-TM) is an inherited blood disorder. Affected patients require frequent blood transfusions, leading to iron deposition and end organ damage, particularly myocardial dysfunction. A 12-lead ECG is a readily available tool that could be used to screen for conduction abnormalities and arrhythmias as a marker of worsening myocardial function.  A total of 108 β-TM patients were evaluated for correlation between abnormal findings on the surface ECG and severity of myocardial iron deposition in magnetic resonance imaging as measured by T2* levels.  Patients with T2* below 20 msec had significantly longer PR intervals, P wave durations, and QTc intervals. Patients with T2* below 10 msec had the longest QRS duration and QRS activation times. Atrial fibrillation was more prevalent in patients with lower T2* levels. With a decrease in T2*, the probability of notching of QRS in the limb and precordial leads increased.  Abnormal ECG is prevalent in β-TM patients, and the frequency of changes increases with the severity of iron overload. A 12-lead ECG is a valuable and readily available tool for the early assessment of myocardial damage and the implementation of a timely and appropriate management strategy.

Prostate cancer is one of the most prevalent malignancies in men and its early detection contributes to the chance for a more sufficient treatment plan and a reduction in its complications. The usual methods for prostate cancer screening include serum PSA levels and digital rectal examination. In case the prostate cancer is suspected, transrectal ultrasound guided biopsy (TRUS) is performed as the gold standard for the diagnosis. The present study is designed to evaluate the potential efficacy of multiparametric-magnetic resonance imaging (mp-MRI) in detection of prostate cancer location.

a total of 66 subjects were participated in this cross sectional case-controlled study. Based on the results of the TRUS-guided biopsy, 33 of the participants had prostate cancer. All participants underwent MP-MRI imaging prior to the prostate biopsy. findings achieved by the either methods have been investigated and the comparison has been made.

It was revealed that the sensitivity and specificity of the mp-MRI in the diagnosis of prostate cancer were 81.8% and 93.9%, respectively. The positive and negative predictive value were 93.1% and 83.8%, respectively.

The current study indicates that the mp-MRI imaging method has a sufficient sensitivity and specificity for detecting the location of prostate cancer and can potentially be employed as a clue-providing method prior to the TRUS-guided biopsy.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a common inflammatory disease affecting the central nervous system, causing demyelination and axon loss. Cognitive impairment is also prevalent in patients. This study aims to measure magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings and their relation to cognitive impairments in MS patients.

This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted on 50 patients with a definite diagnosis of MS at Firoozgar Hospital in Tehran Province, Iran, from 2019 to 2021. MRI, complete neurological and psychological examinations, and information documented in the records were used to prepare a complete list of clinical, neurological, and psychological manifestations. The severity of these symptoms was assessed, and patients were scored according to the expanded disability status scale (EDSS), cholinergic pathways hyperintensities scale (CHIPS), and brief international cognitive assessment for multiple sclerosis (BICAMS) criteria.  

This study included 36 women and 14 men with a mean age of 34.14±9.4 years. Relapse and remission were observed in 70% of patients. CHIPS score had a significant relationship with spinal symptoms. Also, the BICAMS score of patients showed a significant relationship with limbic involvement in MRI. The third ventricular diameter and CHIPS score were positively correlated with the BICAMS score. Patients’ EDSS score had a significant relationship with the symbol digit modalities test (SDMT) score.  

In this study, a significant relationship is observed between the size of the third ventricle and the CHIPS score with decreased cognitive function in MS patients. Therefore, MRI can be used to suspect cognitive disorders in MS patients.

This study aimed to evaluate the lumbar annular tears prevalence regarding the patient’s history factors, and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) recorded data.

In this study, 218 patients (106 men and 112 women) were evaluated; 136 cases (63 men and 73 women, 20-80 years, mean: 45.4±14.8 years) with Lower Back Pain (LBP) and High-Intensity Zone (HIZ) were diagnosed based on MR images. The diagnosed annular tears from the MRI data, Body Mass Index (BMI, kg/m2), and physical activity of the patients were recorded, and the prevalence of lumbar annular tears was evaluated regarding the mentioned parameters.

The prevalence of annular tears was 31.6% at L5/S1 (43/136 patients), 43.4% at L4/L5 (59/136 patients), 16.9% at L3/L4 (23/136 patients), 4.4% at L2/L3 (6/136 patients), and 3.7% at L1/L2 spinal disc space (5/136 patients). Most patients with annular tears had LBP (>60%). Based on the patient's history, 25% of patients had BMI above 30, 8.8% had post-traumatic history, 15.4% had a history of falling down, 19.1% had slipped down history, 16.2% were athletes, and 15.4% performed heavy work.

The prevalence of lumbar annular tears was higher in patients having LBP and a BMI over 30, which should be considered possible risk factors. This study demonstrated that annular tears are more likely to occur in lower lumbar discs, especially in L4/L5 and L5/S1 discs.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) can guide the surgical strategy to identify brain tumors and monitor treatment response. It is possible to use transcranial Ultrasound (US) for periodical follow-ups. Ultrasound waves pass through the delicate areas of the skull called acoustic windows. In this study, the efficiency of ultrasound imaging was performed to diagnose glioblastoma brain tumors and the results were compared with MR images.

Male Wistar rats were anesthetized by intraperitoneal injection of Ketamine and Xylazine. A stereotaxic device was used to determine the injection coordinates. C6 GBM cell lines were injected into the brains of rats. After two weeks, the formation of a glioblastoma tumor was confirmed histopathologically. The brain of animals was imaged by B-mode ultrasound and MRI. The section with the largest tumor dimensions was selected and the dimensions of the skull and tumor were measured based on the pixel size of each of the imaging methods. Pearson coefficient of correlation and Limits Of Agreement (LOA) were calculated for comparisons of the skull and tumor dimensions.

The skull and the tumor dimensions showed a significant correlation between the B-mode ultrasound and the MRI measurements (R=0.99 and p<0.05). According to the Bland-Altman analysis, the mean difference was 0.31 mm (SD=0.20) for skull and tumor dimensions. The exact shape of the tumor is not completely clear in the ultrasound images, but it can be useful to detect the presence of the tumor and its approximate dimensions.

In conclusion, a glioblastoma tumor was produced in the male Wistar rat. The tumor dimensions were properly assessed by B-mode ultrasound image processing and compared with MR imaging.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating and neurodegenerative disorder of the central nervous system, which is associated with brain atrophy and volume changes in some brain structures. This study aimed to compare the volume of the basal ganglia, thalamus, cerebellum, and brainstem in patients with relapsing-remitting MS with that of the control group using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

In this cross-sectional study, MRI brain scans were obtained from 25 patients with relapsing-remitting MS and 25 healthy control subjects. Volumetric analyses were performed using Brain Suite software.

The mean age of the MS and the control groups was 33.96±8.75 and 40.40±8.72, respectively. No statistically significant difference was found in gender (P=0.747). The bilateral putamen and caudate nuclei volumes were significantly higher in the case group than in the control group (P<0.001). Moreover, lower the volume of the brainstem, cerebellum, bilateral thalamus, and globus pallidus were identified in the MS patients compared to the control group (P<0.001). There was an inverse correlation between the disease and treatment duration with the thalamus and cerebellum volume in MS patients (P=0.001). Treatment duration also had an inverse correlation with brainstem volume (P=0.047).

The volume of some structures of the brain, including globus pallidus, thalamus, cerebellum, and brainstem is lower in MS and can be one of the markers of disease progression and disability among MS patients.

Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), caused due to reduced oxygenation and brain blood flow, occurs in 1-8 per 1000 live full-term births in developed countries and up to 26 per 1000 live in the developing world. The growth status of survivors of birth HIE has not been evaluated sufficiently.

This study evaluated, the growth parameters (weight, height, and head circumference) of neonates with Sarnat stage.2 of HIE at 6, 10, and 12 months and its relationship with findings of neonatal brain diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) sequence.

Medical records and growth parameters of 35 neonates with gestational age > 34 wk who were admitted with stage.2 of HIE in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of Shahid Sadoughi hospital, Yazd, Iran from March 2021-March 2022, and its relationship with neonatal brain DWI sequence finding was evaluated.

15 girls and 20 boys with a mean birth weight of 2880.3 ± 221.8 gr were evaluated. Conventional magnetic resonance imaging and DWI were found to be abnormal in 6 (17.1%) and 18 neonates (51.4%). The most abnormal finding of DWI was high signal in basal ganglia/thalamus in 9 neonates (25.7%). Abnormal DWI is more frequent in neonates with seizures and low birth weight. Hospital stay days were more prolonged in neonates with abnormal DWI. Microcephaly at 12 months was more frequent in children with abnormal DWI.

In survivors of moderate neonatal HIE, abnormal brain DWI sequence might predict inappropriate head growth, and need close medical and nutritional interventions for growth improvement.

Endometriosis is a multifocal gynecologic disorder during the fertility period in women. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an important diagnostic modality for this disease and can be used either alone or along with transvaginal ultrasonography.

This study aims to compare the accuracy of pelvis MRI in pelvic deep endometriosis with laparoscopic findings in women referred to Shahid Sadoughi hospital in one year.

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 40 women suspicious of endometriosis who referred to Shahid Sadoughi hospital, Yazd, Iran from November 2020-2021. Based on clinical findings and history, participants were referred to the imaging center for pelvic MRI. Finally, the results of MRI and diagnostic laparoscopy were compared with pathologic findings.

The sensitivity and specificity of MRI for pelvic endometriosis were 94.8% and 20%, respectively. Also, the positive predictive value and negative predictive value of MRI were 90.2% and 33.3%, respectively.

Laparoscopy is still the gold standard of endometriosis diagnosis, but MRI with susceptibility-weighted imaging sequence is the best noninvasive diagnostic method.

Arteriovenous malformation (AVM) of the breast is a rare condition that is usually incidentally detected as discoloration of the skin. Patients are asymptomatic, and it is mostly left undisturbed. However, the closest differential diagnosis of primary angiosarcoma of the breast can have a similar imaging appearance. Multimodality imaging will help to differentiate between the two, and in very few cases, tissue diagnosis warrants confirmation.

We hereby report the case of a young female who initially presented with swelling and discoloration near her face and neck and who, on a one-year follow-up, incidentally noticed discoloration over her left breast. She underwent an ultrasound, a dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI of both breasts and a dedicated left breast X-ray mammogram.

With all these modalities confirmed, the discoloration was caused by an AVM of the breast.

The importance of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) screening in high-risk women is well-known; however, its utility in women at average or intermediate risk is not well-established. The main purpose of the study was toinvestigate the added value and cancer detection rate (CDR) of using abbreviated MRI protocols in average or intermediate-risk women.

A total of 431 asymptomatic women with average or intermediate risk of breast cancer who underwent screening abbreviated MRI from May 2019 to May 2022 were recruited. CDR in screening MRI among average or intermediate-risk women and in low or high-breast composition was calculated.

In 173 patients with intermediate risk, 5(1.16%) malignant lesions were detected and in 258 average-risk patients, 10(2.32%) added cancers were found in screening abbreviated MRI compared to mammography. Among the 15 malignant lesions, more cancers in high breast composition were detected (11 vs. 4 cases); however, there was no statistically significant difference between the cancer detection rate and breast composition. In intermediate-risk women with high breast composition, 3 (0.69%) malignant lesions, and in average-risk women with high breast composition, 8 (1.85%) added cancers were found.

We provided 3.48% added cancer detection in screening abbreviated MRI compared to mammography. Therefore, screening abbreviated MRI with less image acquisition and interpretation time may be useful as a supplemental screening tool for cancer detection especially in high breast composition.