جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "meal frequency" در نشریات گروه "پزشکی"

The prevalence of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents has increased to a considerable level internationally. One of the most important causes of childhood obesity is the lack of meal frequency. Self-efficacy has been considered as one of the most important psychological factors which can affect nutritional behaviors of adolescents in previous studies. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the relationship between self-efficacy and meal frequency in obese adolescents of Shahinshahr, Iran.
This cross-sectional study was conducted on 172 overweight and obese female students who studied in schools in Shahinshahr in 2013-2014. After simple random sampling and assessment of anthropometric indicators, the self-efficacy and meal frequency questionnaire was completed by the students. Data were analyzed using SPSS software.
Findings: The mean of age and BMI were 13.4 ± 0.6 and 28.2 ± 3.6, respectively. BMI had a significant inversely relationship with eating breakfast, and morning and afternoon snacks (P Eating breakfast was effectively predicted by self-efficacy in obese students. It seems that to better understand the relationship between psychological constructs and eating breakfast, further studies, especially interventional studies, are required.

Abstract

Limited data are available linking diet-related practices to functional dyspepsia (FD). We aimed to investigate the Relationship between the meal frequency and prevalence of functional dyspepsia among a large sample of Iranian adults.

In this cross-sectional study, 4763 individuals of general adult population in Isfahan, Iran, were asked to report how many main meals and snacks they consumed each day. Frequency of total meals was defined by summing up the frequency of main meals and snacks and participants were categorized into 4 categories of < 3, 3-5, 6-7 and ≥ 8 meals/day. The symptoms of functional dyspepsia were assessed using a validated Persian version of Rome III questionnaire. Functional dyspepsia was defined as bothersome postprandial fullness, early satiation, and/or epigastric pain or epigastric burning.

Compared to those who had one main meal/day, individuals who had consumed 3 main meals/day had a lower chance for early satiation (Odds Ratio: 0.44; 95% Confidence Interval: 0.21-0.90). In Addition, compared to those that never consumed snacks, individuals who had consumed 3 to 5 snacks/day were 39% less likely to have functional dyspepsia (OR: 0.61; 95% CI: 0.40-0.92), 42% lower odds of postprandial fullness (OR: 0.58; 95% CI: 0.34-0.98) and 43% lower chance of epigastric pain (OR: 0.57; 95% CI: 0.34-0.97). After adjustment for potential confounders, including diet-related behaviors, individuals with 6-7 total meal and snacks/day had lower odds of functional dyspepsia (OR: 0.51; 95% CI: 0.31-0.82) compared with those with less than 3 meal and snacks/day. Such inverse association was also seen between the meal and snack frequency and early satiation (OR: 0.32; 95% CI: 0.16-0.63) and postprandial fullness (OR: 0.54; 95% CI: 0.29-0.98).

We found an inverse association between the meal and snack frequency and prevalence of functional dyspepsia and its components. Prospective studies are required to confirm these findings.

To study the association between the frequency of meals and the levels of non-communicable diseases (NCD) risk factors.

The sample comprised 592 people (275 men, 317 women) aged 19-50 years, selected randomly from the pool of participants in the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. Eating patterns were assessed and the number of meals in a day recorded using two-day 24-hour recall questionnaires. We divided the sample into four subgroups: Group l comprised subjects taking less than 6 meals per day. Group 2 included those taking 6-7 meals per day, the third had 8-9 meals per day, and Group 4 took more than 9 meals per day. Blood lipids were measured after 12-14 hours of fasting; anthropometric indices and blood pressure were also recorded.

The four groups were composed of 190, 135, 185, and 82 individuals respectively. The risk of having high total cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL-cholesterol was found to decrease with greater meal frequency. No significant difference was observed in the intake of macronutrients. The intake of fibers was greater in the fourth group (P<0.001).

The study shows that increasing meal frequency may decrease the risk of NCDs. Considering the high prevalence of these disorders, changes in eating habits seem necessary.

Although consumption of three or less than three meals per day (gorging regimen) is usual in some communities, in western population there is an inclination towards many small meals a day (nibbling regimen). Up to now the effects of meal frequency on serum immunoglobulins have not been investigated in laboratory animals. There is also some controversy information about the effect of meal frequency on serum insulin in human and animal studies. The aim of present study was to investigate, the effects of meal frequency on immunoglobulin profile in rat. The effect of meal frequency on serum insulin was also surveyed. In this experimental study, thirty female Wister rats aged 11 weeks (210 ±15 g), after 10 days of acclimation period, were weighed and randomly assigned into two equal groups. They were fed the same food as eight meals at 2-hours intervals starting from 6 p.m. (nibbling group) or as two meals at 9 p.m. and 6 a.m. (gorging group) for 60 days. Blood samples were taken before and after intervention. ELLISA method was used to measure insulin and immunoglobulins in serum. All values were expressed as Mean±SD using Student’s t-test based comparisons. The research project was reviewed and approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. Diet regimens caused a non-significant reduction (P>0.05) in the serum insulin and IgA levels after sixty days of intervention. Although serum insulin level in the two regimens was non-significantly decreased, but the percentage of decrease in nibbling regimen was more than gorging one (-5.3% vs. –2.3%). Serum IgM and IgG levels in the two regimens were significantly increased (P<0.05), but there was no-significant difference (P>0.05) between the two regimens before and after the intervention. Although, in both groups, serum IgM and IgG levels were significantly increased, but the percentage of increase was more in nibbling regimen than gorging one (56% vs. 38% and 37% vs. 28.7% for IgM & IgG respectively). The food and water intakes were non-significantly (P>0.05) lowered in the gorging group compared with the nibbling one. Although there is not a significant difference between the nibbling and gorging dietary regimens regarding the serum IgM, IgG, IgA and insulin but, nibbling regimen affects serum insulin, IgM and IgG more than gorging one in rat. More research on human and animal subjects is advised.