جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « metabolic diseases » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Turmeric is a medicinal herb with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory components that can affect metabolic parameters via various pathways, including the gut-brain axis. Although positive effects of turmeric on health have been reported, findings are conflicting. Accordingly, the current review aimed to provide an overview of the biochemical and biological characteristics of turmeric and examine the impacts of turmeric on cardio-metabolic risk factors with a special focus on its abilities to modulate gut microbiota. In the present comprehensive review, findings of systematic reviews/narrative reviews, clinical trials, animal, and in vitro studies on turmeric in the English language published between 2010 and March 2023 were summarized. Findings revealed that turmeric is a safe medicinal herb with mild gastrointestinal side effects in some cases. It can help improve the glycemic status, lipid profile, and blood pressure. However, food processing and fermentation can affect the bioavailability of its effective components, including curcumin. Several mechanisms, including those affecting intestinal microbiota diversity, intestinal permeability, inflammatory and oxidative pathways, are proposed for their positive effects on metabolic factors.   However, due to high between-study heterogeneity, limited high-quality clinical trials, differences in the duration of the intervention, and the form of turmeric supplement, more studies on each metabolic parameter are needed to determine effective dosages and confirm its efficacy as a complementary therapy to modulate microbiota and cardio-metabolic parameters.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an inflammation-related condition and a common metabolic disorder in women at fertility ages. The Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) is a validated nutritional tool for estimating the inflammatory potential of the diet. It is assumed that a high DII score (indicating a predominantly inflammatory diet) has an association with higher odds of PCOS. The current study aimed to investigate the association between DII and PCOS risk in women. 

This case-control study was conducted in 2019-2020 on 120 newly-diagnosed PCOS cases and 120 healthy controls aged 18-45 years in Khorramabad, Iran. DII was estimated based on a validated 168-item Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ).

The mean±SD of DII in PCOS patients was 0.40±2.09, while it was 0.45±1.92 in the control group (P<0.001). There was a positive association between increasing DII score and the risk of PCOS (odds ratio= 2.41; 95%CI: 1.15-5.02, P for trend =0.006) in the crude model as the fourth quartile was compared with the lowest one. This association was still significant in several models after adjusting for age and energy intake (P for trend <0.001), in the model adjusted for the physical activity level, education status, and family history of PCOS (P for trend=0.003), and also after additional adjustment for BMI (P for trend= 0.003).

The present study revealed that consuming more pro-inflammatory diets with higher DII scores is related to an increased risk of PCOS.

Yam bean (Pachyrhizus erosus L.) offers numerous health benefits. However, the effects of its dietary fiber (yam bean fiber, YBF) on dyslipidemia, liver disease, and the overproduction of metabolic hormones, specifically glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP1) and fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), resulting from a high-fat diet (HFD) remain underexplored. Thus, our present investigation sought to address this gap.

Adult male mice (n = 24) were randomly assigned into four different groups such as normal diet (ND) as a control group, HFD, and HFD supplemented with either 2.5% or 10% YBF. After a 12-week dietary regimen, plasma lipid profiles, liver histology and biochemistry, and the levels of FGF21 and GLP-1 were assessed.

YBF supplementation, especially at 10% dose, effectively lowered total serum cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) compared with those fed HFD (P < 0.05). YBF also reduced liver weight and mitigated the elevation of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the depletion of catalase (CAT) activity induced by HFD in liver tissues (P < 0.05). Furthermore, 10% YBF supplementation effectively countered liver pathology, including central vein enlargement, hepatic steatosis, inflammation, abnormal sinusoids, and hepatocyte degeneration caused by HFD (P < 0.05). YBF at 10% also attenuated the HFDinduced hypersecretion of FGF21 and GLP-1 hormones.

Our findings indicate that YBF supplementation could counteract the adverse effects of HFD, particularly in terms of dyslipidemia, liver disease, and metabolic hormone imbalances. Incorporating YBF into diets may thus offer protective benefits against HFDinduced metabolic diseases and associated health issues.

Carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) is vital to investigate vascular atherosclerosis. Studies have provided conflicting information regarding the factors affecting this thickness. This study aims to determine CIMT in adults and investigate its relationship with background variables, and metabolic and nutritional factors.

This cross-sectional study was conducted on the adult population of Mashhad City, Iran, and in the cohort center of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences during 2018-2019. At the beginning of the study, a complete history was taken and general examinations were performed. For all subjects, a B-mode ultrasound was performed by a radiologist in the neck region to evaluate the carotid arteries. Also, anthropometric characteristics, including height, weight, and body mass index, and metabolic factors, including blood sugar, blood pressure, cholesterol level, triglyceride level, and nutritional factors, including daily calorie consumption were calculated.

A total of 431 people with an mean age of 43.41±6.59 years were included in the study, 190 cases (44.1%) were men and 241 cases (55.9%) were women. The median thickness of the left carotid artery (0.63, 0.50) was 0.55 mm, and the median thickness of the right carotid artery (0.49, 0.61) was 0.54 mm (P=0.003). Also, the mean intima-media thickness (IMT) of the right and left carotid arteries was significantly higher in males than in females (P<0.05). Correlation of different quantitative data with IMT of both carotid arteries showed that all quantitative data except pulse rate (P<0.05) and energy (P<0.05) had a significant positive correlation with IMT of both right and left carotid arteries which were weak to moderate. Age and weight had a direct and significant relationship with the right and left CIMT (P<0.05). In addition, the male gender was associated with greater thickness of the left carotid artery (P<0.05).

The results of our study indicated that what is almost certainly related to CIMT is age and weight, which increases with the increase of both CIMT. More studies are needed to confirm these things

Inborne errors of metabolism are a common cause of neonatal death. This study evaluated the acute early-onset metabolic derangement and death in two unrelated neonates.

WES, Sanger sequencing, homology modeling, and in silico bioinformatics analysis were employed to assess the effects of variants on protein structure and function.

WES revealed a novel homozygous variant, p.G303Afs*40 and p.R156P, in the PC gene of each neonate,  which both were confirmed by Sanger sequencing. Based on the ACMG guidelines, the p.G303Afs*40 was likely pathogenic, and the p.R156P was a VUS. Nevertheless, a known variant at position 156, the p.R156Q, was also a VUS. Protein secondary structure prediction showed changes in p.R156P and p.R156Q variants compared to the wild-type protein. However, p.G303Afs*40 depicted significant changes at C-terminal. Furthermore, comparing the interaction of wild-type and variant proteins with the ATP ligand during simulations, revealed a decreased affinity to the ATP in all the variants. Moreover, analysis of SNP impacts on PC protein using Polyphen-2, SNAP2, FATHMM, and SNPs&GO servers predicted both R156P and R156Q as damaging variants. Likewise, free energy calculations demonstrated the destabilizing effect of both variants on PC.

This study confirmed the pathogenicity of both variants and suggested them as a cause of type B PCD. The results of this study would provide the family with prenatal diagnosis and expand the variant spectrum in the PC gene,which is  beneficial for geneticists and endocrinologists.

Recently, obesity causes vital mortality around the globe. Last decade, obesity-related diseases increased significantly worldwide. Even though, effective drugs are not available to treat metabolic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, Parkinson’s, obesity, and hypertension. Emergence and identifying new drug moieties to treat such metabolic diseases became imperative. Nature is a vital source of remedies and isolates new effective and nontoxic drug candidates. Ferulic acid is a significant phenolic compound that is abundant in various fruits, rice oil, and vegetables. This study highlighted the beneficial effects of ferulic acid for the treatment of metabolic syndrome or obesity. Similarly, in this study, we have highlighted the therapeutic purpose of ferulic acid in treating metabolic syndrome, its mechanism of action as well as its potential pharmacological effect using animal models. Further investigations are needed to demonstrate the significant mechanism of action in clinical trials using the human species.

Yam bean (Pachyrhizus erosus) is a potent medicinal plant exerting therapeutical effects against diseases. However, investigations on the health benefits of its fiber remain limited. This study aimed to investigate the potential of yam bean fiber (YBF) against a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced metabolic diseases, inflammation, and gut dysbiosis.

Adult male mice were assigned to four groups (8 each), namely a normal diet-fed group (ND), HFD-fed group, and HFD supplemented with YBF groups (HFD + YBF) at a dose of 2.5% and 10%, respectively. Treatments were implemented for ten weeks. Thereafter, indicators of metabolic diseases, oxidative stress, inflammation, and gut microbiota composition were determined.

A dosage of 10% YBF significantly inhibited excessive body weight gain (2.3 times lower than HFD group) and white adipose tissue (WAT) mass (2.2 times lower than HFD group) while sustaining brown adipose tissue mass. YBF prevented malondialdehyde elevation, catalase activity reduction, and expression of the interleukin-6 increment (2.7 times lower than the HFD group) within the WAT. Furthermore, YBF sustained normoglycaemia, glucose tolerance, and insulin sensitivity while precluding hyperinsulinemia. YBF modulated the gut microbiota community by increasing health-promoting microbiota including Lactobacillus reuteri, L. johnsonii, and inhibiting a pathogenic Mucispirillum sp. YBF prevented histopathology and inflammation of the colon.

 YBF at the dose of 10% is proved to be useful in the prevention of diet-induced metabolic diseases, microbiota dysbiosis, and inflammation. Hence, YBF is recommended as a potential natural-based remedy to diminish the detrimental effects of high-fat foods.

We aimed to compare demographic, health-related characteristics, and quality of life between adults with cardiovascular or metabolic diseases and the general population.

Data from 25,712 adults assessed on the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey V & VI (2010–2013) were analyzed for differences in health-related quality of life.

The corrected EuroQol-5 Dimension score mean among participants with cardiovascular or metabolic diseases was significantly lower than for the general population across all five dimensions (P<0.001). Individuals with cardiovascular disease had lower quality of life than those with metabolic diseases.

Adults with cardiovascular or metabolic diseases reported lower health-related quality of life in all domains when compared to adults in the general population. Therefore, interventions and management to improve quality of life among patients with cardiovascular or metabolic diseases are necessary.

Inherited metabolic disorders (IMDs) are a class of genetic disorders. Each metabolic disorder may have different forms with different age of onset, clinical manifestations, severity, and even type of inheritance. Ideally, a group of different specialists, including ophthalmologists, pediatricians, biochemists, and medical geneticists are needed for the final diagnosis and management of IMDs. Because of the importance of the aforementioned issue, we investigated the effect of IMDs on the eye in this review. Metabolic disorders can induce abnormalities in conjunctiva, cornea, lens, retina, optic nerve, and eye motility.  In this study, the authors aimed to address the effect of metabolic diseases of amino acids, carbohydrates, and lipids on eye metabolism. Because of the direct toxic mechanisms of abnormal metabolites on the eyes and regarding the effect of eye monitoring on follow-up, management, and treatment of IMDs, a detailed ophthalmological assessment is essential.

Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) is a naturally-occurring compound that has shown promising antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in experimental and human studies. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of ALA in the management of patients with diabetes mellitus (DM).We searched Medline (via PubMed), EBSCO, Scopus, and Web of Science for relevant randomized controlled trials. Data on glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), blood glucose levels, lipid profile components, HOMA, and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were extracted and pooled as the standardized mean difference (SMD) in a random effect model meta-analysis using RevMan version 5.3.Ten studies (n = 553 patients) were included. In the term of HBA1C, the overall SMD did not favor either of the two groups (SMD = 0.01, 95% CI [-0.32,0.35]; p = 0.94) in uncomplicated T2DM patients. Moreover, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of FBG (SMD = -0.06, 95% CI [-0.44,0.33]; p = 0.78), PPBG (SMD = 0.04, 95% CI [-0.27,0.34]; p = 0.82), HDL (SMD = -0.05, 95% CI [-0.35,0.25]; p = 0.75), LDL (SMD = -0.05, 95% CI [-0.33,0.23]; p = 0.75). In terms of GPx, ALA was superior to placebo (SMD = 0.43, 95% CI [0.07,0.8]; p = 0.02).Our analysis showed that ALA was not superior to placebo in terms of HBA1C, LDL, HDL, TC, TG reduction in uncomplicated T2DM. However, in terms of GPx, ALA was significantly superior to the placebo. Further studies with larger sample sizes should investigate different doses of ALA in DM patients.

Metabolic disorders are common in patients with staghorn renal stones. Aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the metabolic disorders in patients with unilateral and bilateral staghorn stones. In this cross sectional study, 78 patients who underwent percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) for staghorn renal stones were included. The urine volume, the level of calcium, oxalate, uric acid, phos phate, sodium, citrate, creatinine, and cystine from 24 hour urine collection as well as the serum levels of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), parathyroid hormone (PTH) and uric acid were recorded and compared among the two groups with unilateral and bilateral renal stones. 56 patients (71.8%) had unilateral and 22 (28.2%) had bilateral renal stones. At least one abnormal meta bolic factor was found in 32 (57.1%) and 15 (68.2%) patients with unilateral and bilateral renal stones, respectively (P = .044). Cystine urine levels and serum levels of BUN were higher in cases with bilateral compared to unilateral renal stones (36.4% vs. 12.5%, P = .025 and 27.3% vs. 1.8%, P = .002, respectively). Metabolic factors are strongly correlated with the formation of staghorn renal stones specially bilat eral ones. In our study among different metabolic factors, cystine urine levels and serum levels of BUN were sig nificantly higher in patients with bilateral renal stones. Proper metabolic assessments are recommended in patients with staghorn urolithiasis.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of Body Mass Index (BMI) and biochemical lipid values on reproductive outcomes of women undergoing Intra Cytoplasmatic Sperm Injection (ICSI) cycles. The study was conducted in the Center of Human Reproductive Physiopathology of University of Catania between April 2017 and March 2018. In this retrospective observational study 114 couples undergoing ICSI cycles since was enrolled. With the women’s informed consent, levels of total cholesterol, LDL-c, HDL-c and triglycerides were determinate and FSH, LH, E2 and PRL samples were obtained on the 3rd day of menstrual cycle. According to variability of BMI, the samples were divided in group A (BMI 18.5 - 24.9 kg/m2); group B (BMI 25 - 29.9 kg/m2); group C (BMI >30 kg/m2). The results were statistically analyzed with Student’s t-test. Fertilization and pregnancy rate were lower in women with BMI>30 than in women with BMI 25-30 and BMI 18-25, despite the negative biochemical lipid panel. Our results demonstrate that an excess of adipose tissue in women undergoing ICSI was not directly related with altered biochemical lipid values. However, overweight and obese patients show poor fertilization and pregnancy rate despite the negative biochemical lipid panel.

Diabetes with a broad spectrum of complications has become a global epidemic metabolic disorder. Till now, several pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical therapeutic approaches were applied for its treatment. Cell-based therapies have become promising methods for diabetes treatment. Better understanding of diabetes pathogenesis and identification of its specific biomarkers along with evaluation of different treatments efficacy, can be possible by clarification of specific metabolic modifications during the diabetes progression. Subsequently, metabolomics technology can support this goal as an effective tool. The present review tried to show how metabolomics quantifications can be useful for diabetic monitoring before and after cell therapy. Cell therapy is an alternative approach to achieve diabetes treatments goals including insulin resistance amelioration, insulin independence reparation, and control of glycemia. OMICs approaches provide a comprehensive insight into the molecular mechanisms of cells features and functional mechanism of their genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics profile which can be useful for their therapeutic application. As a modern technology for the detection and analysis of metabolites in biological samples, metabolomica can identify many of the metabolic and molecular pathways associated with diabetes and its following complications.

Neonatal screening is a preventive medical measure to screen infants shortly after birth for treatable metabolic disorders and endocrinopathies. The present study aimed to evaluate and compare the accuracy of laboratory samples in the screening programs for metabolic diseases in Mashhad city, Iran with international guidelines.
This observational study was conducted on all the patients referring to the health centers of Mashhad, Iran during two weeks. In total, 220 infants were enrolled in the study and divided into three groups of health center 1, 2, and 3. A checklist was prepared based on the international guidelines to evaluate the neonatal screening procedures.
In total, 220 neonates aged 3-14 days (90 girls and 130 boys) were enrolled in this study. Mean weight and height of the neonates was 3215.90±485.12 grams and 49.85±2.04 centimeters, respectively. In all the cases, mode of nutrition was breastfeeding, and sampling was performed within 36 hours after birth. Neonates had no history of corticosteroid administration, catecholamine administration, parenteral nutrition, and blood transfusion. Heels of the neonates had no contact with the filter paper, and the samples were dried away from direct sunlight and heat. Two of the health centers used disinfectants and dried the heels of infants afterwards prior to drawing the samples.
According to the results, the studied health centers followed the protocol properly. However, two of the health centers used disinfectants in such way that we were not sure whether the heels of the neonates were dried completely