جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "mycosis" در نشریات گروه "پزشکی"

Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) has taken the world by storm, affecting all age groups alike and presenting a plethora of signs and symptoms. Showcasing a high mortality rate, cytokine storm is identified as one of the most common culprits for death in affected individuals. In patients undergoing severe complications in the form of intubations and intensive care unit (ICU) admissions, increased cytokine levels have again been identified as a significant factor, indicating their substantial role in disease outcomes. Periodontitis, which is identified as a silent pandemic, is the most common oral disease that is found in individuals. The increased accumulations of plaques and calculus are the main causative agents, stimulating inflammatory cells in the periodontal tissue, leading to cytokine release. Individuals with the removable or fixed dental prosthesis are at increased risk of contracting fungal infections, which are also identified as increasing the cytokine levels and worsening an individual’s condition contracted with COVID-19. This review focuses on oral hygiene measures and scientifically proven aids that can be used by patients at home for reducing oral cytokine levels and the risk of COVID-19 related complications, thereby sensitizing them at a time when elective dental procedures are discouraged and patients are devoid of professional dental intervention. Mechanical removal of plaques and calculus cannot be substituted with auxiliary aids, but it is important that adjunct practices be adopted for efficient hygiene. Toothbrush hygiene should also be practiced to prevent disease progression and transmission. Adherence to these recommendations is not only required for healthy or infected individuals but also for viral infection recovered patients to avoid the possible risk of developing the black fungus infection.

The influence of coinfections on the morbidity and mortality of the new clinical syndrome coronavirus disease 2019 is unknown (COVID-19). Fungal agent of aspergillosis, mucormycosis, and candidiasis is the main superinfection that occurs as complicated to COVID-19; it may be related to ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), diabetic disease, or long time exposure to a corticosteroid that cause immune-suppressive even cytokine storm. These factors act as risk factors for fungemia and fungal shock that causes severe inflammation, disturbances in blood circulation with sepsis, and damage in many organs. Therefore, This review aimed to identify the main fungal agent and explain the pathogenesis and pathological aspect as complicated to COVID-19.

The high rate of severe infection and mortality in patients with COVID-19's is thought to be due in part to a lack of natural immunity and raped viral replication in the lower respiratory tract, as well as superinfections, secondary infections, or coinfections, the mainly fungal agent that cause severe lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) as well as cause damage and sepsis in other organs.

Otomycosis, as a common superficial fungal infection, is the term to infection of external auditory canal. Despite numerous studies on diverse antifungal agents, there is no common consent on effective agent for treatment of otomycosis.  Therefore, the purpose of this study is compared therapy of otomycosis using two therapeutic agents; clotrimazole and iodine tincture.   This research is a clinical trial study included 160 patients who were presented otomycosis. All patients were randomly assigned into two therapeutic groups of clotrimazole and Iodine Tincture (80 cases in each group). The results of response to thrapy were evaluated on 4, 10, and 20 days. Statistical analyses were performed using Independent-Samples t-test, Chi-Square, and Fishers҆ Exact tests in SPSS software v.18, in 0.05 significant level.   Fungal species were isolated including Aspergillus (72.5%) and Candida albicans (22.5%). After 4thday of treatment, 7.5% of the tincture group and 11.2% of the clotrimazole group revealed a good response to treatment (P=0.30). A good response to treatment was observed in35.0 and 41.2% of the patients on 10th day of treatment (P=0.44); and in 67.5 and 62.5% of the patients on 20th day of treatment (P= 0.20). There was no significant relationship between the two therapeutic arms.   In this study, both clotrimazole and tincture showed the identical therapeutic efficacy on otomycosis. Our findings suggested that tincture can be used as a supplementary antifungal option for treatment of otomycosis.

Pulmonary fungal infections are a significant etiology of morbidity among immunocompromised and immunosuppressed patients. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of fungal pathogens and associated risk factors among pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and non-PTB patients attending Federal Teaching Hospital, Gombe, Nigeria.

Three consecutive early morning sputum samples were collected from 43 PTB patients and 173 non-PTB persons and then examined for fungal pathogens using standard mycological stains, microscopy, and biochemical assays. All the participants were screened for HIV by the World Health Organization HIV testing algorithm and M. tuberculosis infection using GeneXpert ® nested PCR equipment. Samples with at least two significant fungal growths were considered positive.

Out of 216 sputa, 73.6% showed fungal growth in cultures. One hundred percent and 67% of PTB and non-PTB participants had positive sputa culture, respectively. In PTB patients, Candida albicans (25.6%) and Aspergillus fumigatus (20.9%), and in non-PTB individuals A. fumigatus (51.7%) and A. nigar (17.2%) were the most prevalent species. Age and residential areas were significantly associated with fungal infection in PTB and non-PTB subjects (p˂0.05). Cigarette smoking, prolonged antibiotic use, and having domestic pets were significant risk factors for developing pulmonary fungal infections in both groups (p˂0.05). None of the studied risk factors was significantly associated with pulmonary mycosis among TB patients (p˃0.05). However, prolonged use of antibiotics was a significant risk factor of pulmonary fungal infection among non-TB patients (p=0.009).

Our study showed that PTB was a predisposing factor for fungal infection, especially among individuals with low socioeconomic status.

Paranasal sinus fungus ball (PSFB) is a non-invasive mycosis, which appears in immunocompetent patients, along with unilateral lesion. The purpose of this study was to analyse various symptoms of PSFB and its radiological, pathological, and microbiological findings. In addition, this study involved the investigation of the incidence of bacterial coinfection and surgical techniques applied for this infection and to report the modern developments in this domain. This retrospective study was carried out on 40 consecutive patients referring for PSFB treatment to the Ear, Nose, and Throat Department in San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital, Turin, Italy, from April 2014 to 2017. Pertinent literature was reviewed and compared within the specified period. All patients were examined by preoperative computed tomography (CT) scan, and 26 (65%) patients were subjected to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Totally,33 patients (82.5%) were affected with single sinus infection, whereas most of the cases suffered from maxillary sinusitis. With regard to CT scan findings, microcalcifications were found in 32.5% of the cases; however, mucosal membrane thickening around the fungus ball (FB) was visible in contrast-enhanced CT scans. According to MRI examination, FB showed a characteristic “signal void” on T 2(42.3%). Only 7(17.5%) patients had a positive mycological culture, whereas bacterial coinfections were identified in 47.5% of the cases. Out of 40 patients, 3(7.5%) subjects had only radiological evidence of fungal colonization while having no histopathological evidence. No patient received postoperative antifungal drugs, and there were no serious complications with only one recurrence. Endoscopic endonasal surgery is the treatment of choice for patients with PSFB receiving no associated local or systemic antifungal therapy. A histopathological study facilitates the confirmation of the diagnosis and exclusion of the invasive form of fungal rhinosinusitis.

Tinea versicolor is a superficial mycosis caused by Malassezia furfur, and is exclusively localized in the corneal layer of adults epidermis.. To evaluate the epidemiological features of tinea versicolor, including its incidence among different age groups, genders and other personal status.. The study was conducted between 2009 and 2011 on 1023 patients who presented skin disease suspected to tinea versicolor. Of all patients; 671 females (66%) and 352 males (34%) were studied for this mycosis and the fungal distribution from the view point of age and anatomical region of mycosis were analyzed.. The disease was more prevalent in 21-40 years old age group in both genders. The most infected anatomical regions were posterior surface, the body trunk (shoulder, supra scapula and lumbar region), anterior thorax and abdomen, respectively. The number of female cases was significantly more than males; this probably reflects the concern of females about their skin health.. Patients who regularly use the local saunas had poor personal hygiene and greasy skin, and were more suspected to tinea versicolor infection..