جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « nasal carriage » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is characterized by the appearance of urticaria for more than six weeks and no underlying condition is found. There is some evidence that chronic infections are more frequent among CSU patients. This study was  designed to compare the prevalence of nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus in urticaria patients and healthy control.  A population of 60 CSU cases and 30 healthy controls not working in a health-care-related environment were  recruited. Nasal swabs and cultures were  done for all individuals. The patients filled out Urticaria Control Test . S. aureus-positive CSU patients received treatment for their S. aureus colonization. About 26.7% (n=16) of CSU cases and 6.7%(n=2) of healthy controls were nasal carriers of S. aureus, and the difference in the frequency was statistically significant (P = 0.025). Among S. aureus positive CSU patients 81.3% (n=13)  and among  S. aureus negative patients 84.1% (n=37)  had a poorly controlled disease.The difference between these two groups was not statistically significant (P = 0.99). Nasal carriage of S. aureus is more frequent among CSU patients compared to healthy controls. However, being a carrier of S. aureus does not have a detrimental effect on the disease control status of CSU patients.

Staphylococcus aureus is a common bug responsible for infections ranging from minor skin infections to fatal sepsis. Common colonizing sites include anterior nares, hand surfaces. Inadequate use of antibiotics has led to development of resistance giving rise to bugs like MRSA. Nursing staff particularly has a greater duration of patient contact and is thus more likely to become MRSA carrier- hence chosen as study population. This study aimed to study the prevalence and antimicrobial sensitivity profile of MRSA isolated from nasal carriers among nursing staff.

A short-term cross-sectional study done in which nursing staff members were screened for nasal carriage of MRSA by collecting swabs from anterior nares. S.aureus isolates were screened for Methicillin susceptibility using cefoxitin disc. MRSA thus obtained were studied for antibiotic sensitivity profile by using Vitek-2 compact.

Study showed the nasal carriage of MRSA as 13.3%. Maximum carriage was in staff members with >5 years of work experience in hospital. All isolates showed 100% resistance to Ampicillin, Erythromycin, Amoxiclav. Sensitivity reported was 12.5% to Ciprofloxacin; 37.5% to Clindamycin and Amikacin; 87.5% to Cotrimoxazole. All isolates were 100% sensitive to Linezolid, Vancomycin, Teicoplanin and Rifampin.

This study showed a significant carriage of MRSA in the nursing staff. Considering that nurses are more involved in-patient care activity, regular screening should be done. Also, the importance of handwashing should be emphasized. Strict implementation of hospital infection control norms is necessary.

Asymptomatic carriage of Staphylococcus aureus can lead to endogenous infections and cross-transmission to other individuals.

The prevalence, molecular epidemiology, antibiotic resistance, and risk factors for nasal carriage of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) were studied in school children in Ardabil, Iran.

Totally, 510 nasal samples were collected during 2017. Isolates were identified and subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing, identification of oxacillin resistance, and molecular typing.

Totally, 13.5% of volunteers were positive for methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) and 17.5% colonized with mecA positive S. aureus strains, including 6.07% oxacillin-resistant MRSA (OR-MRSA) and 11.56% oxacillin-susceptible MRSA (OS-MRSA). Excluding β-lactam antibiotics, high resistance rate was observed for erythromycin (71%), tetracycline (25.8%), clindamycin (35%) in our isolates. Surprisingly, 11% of the isolates [OR-MRSA (25.8%), OS-MRSA (10.1%), and MSSA (5.7%) isolates] were resistant to mupirocin. Moreover, 18 (58%), 29 (49%), and 29 (42%) of OR-MRSA, OS-MRSA, and MSSA isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR), respectively. Overall, 97.48% of isolates carried ≥ 3 toxin encoding genes. The pvl gene was found in 46 (29%) isolates. In comparison, 25.50% of MRSA (9.60% OR-MRSA and 34% OS-MRSA) and 33% of MSSA isolates carried pvl gene. SCCmec type IV had the highest rate among OR-MRSA (87%) and OS-MRSA (74.5%) isolates, which indicates CA-MRSA phenotype. Eleven and 21 spa types were identified in OR-MRSA, and OS-MRSA isolates, respectively. The most common spa types were t11332 (14.3%) and t012 (11.4%) in OS-MRSA isolates. ERIC-PCR revealed high genetic diversity among isolates. The number of students in classroom and incomplete antibiotic course were associated with OS-MRSA nasal carriage.

This study showed a high proportion of MDR CA-MRSA nasal carriage among Iranian healthy school children community.

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is the cause of severe and treatment-resistant, hospital- and community-acquired infections across the world. This study aimed to identify and compare the nasal carriage of S. aureus and methicillin-resistant in clinical and preclinical dental students in 2019.

This study is a cross-sectional study (descriptive-analytic) which was conducted during a period of time from 2019 to 2020 at the School of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. Two groups of dental students (i.e., clinical and preclinical programs) were selected. Nasal samples were taken and S. aureus was detected using the standard microbiology tests. Disc diffusion on Mueller-Hinton Agar was used to identify MRSA. P values of ≤0.05 were regarded as statistically significant.

A total of 92 dental students were examined and S. aureus was identified in 44 (47.8%) students, but no cases of MRSA were detected among the participants.

The difference between clinical and preclinical groups was not significant.

 Staphylococcus aureus is a problematic infectious agent in hospitals as well as in the community. Nasal carriage of healthcare workers (HCWs) and sometimes patients are an important source for transmitting this bacterium to vulnerable individuals.

 The present study aimed to investigate the frequency of nasal carriage of S. aureus and the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of this organism isolated from HCWs and patients at Shahid Mohammadi Hospital in Bandar Abbas, South of Iran.

 This cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2017 to December 2018. A total of 400 nasal swabs were taken from HCWs and patients to investigate the presence of S. aureus. An antimicrobial susceptibility pattern was carried out using the disc diffusion method according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Methicillin resistance was determined using cefoxitin disc diffusion and PCR for mecA gene. Agar dilution was performed to determine MIC of vancomycin and mupirocin.

 Of 130 HCWs, 11 (8.5%) subjects were nasal carriers, of which 5 (45.5%) harbored methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Of 270 patients, 21 (7.8%) patients were nasal carriers, of whom 9 (42.9%) patients were MRSA carriers. Linezolid and vancomycin were the most effective agents, and 100% of isolates were susceptible to these agents. Furthermore, high-level mupirocin-resistant S. aureus (HLMuRSA) was observed in 6.3% of the isolates.

 Our findings demonstrate that the rate of nasal carriage among HCWs and patients was lower than global reports. However, the frequency of MRSA was comparable with previously reported ranges and was approximately high. Vancomycin and linezolid are the most effective antimicrobial agents. Appropriate decolonization is recommended for the control of transmission of MRSA to vulnerable individuals.

Staphylococcus aureus is a common commensal bacterium of the human body and a potential pathogen, causing public health hazards. Due to various virulent factors and growing antibiotic resistance, bacteria could cause various infections, ranging from minor skin infections to life-threating sepsis.

The present study aimed to evaluate the prevalence rate of S. aureus and determine its antimicrobial sensitivity profile in the secondary school students in Duhok City, Iraq.

Samples were collected from the anterior nares of 492 volunteers aged more than 16 years in different cities, including Akre, Amedye, Bardarash, and Duhok. Conventional laboratory tests were performed for the identification of the bacterial isolates. In addition, the antimicrobial sensitivity test was carried out in accordance with the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI).

Out of 492 subjects, 185 cases (37.6%) were carriers of S. aureus, including 57/185 (30.8%) males. The oxacillin resistance rate was estimated at 41.08%, while the resistance rate against tetracycline, fusidic acid, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, vancomycin, clindamycin and rifampicin was 27.02%, 19.46%, 9.19%, 8.65%, 7.56%, 3.78%, and 1.08%, respectively. All the isolates were susceptible to teicoplanin.

According to the results, the prevalence rate of S. aureus was high, and the species were more common in females. Therefore, further investigations are required to monitor the S. aureus antimicrobial profile and implement proper plans to manage the associated issues.
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Methicillin‑resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) ranks top among the nosocomial pathogens. Nasal formulation of mupirocin is found to eradicate MRSA from colonized individuals, but the emergence of resistant strains is a matter of concern.

Nasal swabs were collected from 200 health care workers (HCWs) who were screened for MRSA. Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method was used to perform antibiotic susceptibility test. MRSA detection was done using a cefoxitin 30 µg disc and interpreted according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. Determination of mupirocin resistance was performed using Epsilometer test (E‑test).

About 14% of HCWs showed nasal carriage of MRSA. Nursing orderlies were the predominant carriers. E‑test showed four mupirocin resistant isolates. The antibiogram of the MRSA isolates revealed the higher resistance to antibiotics as compared to methicillin‑sensitive Staphylococcus aureus. All the MRSA isolates were sensitive to linezolid.

HCWs in our hospital showed high nasal carriage rate of MRSA, particularly the nursing orderlies which is statistically significant. It is advisable to detect mupirocin resistance among the isolates obtained from the HCWs so that in case of resistance, alternative treatment should be sought.

Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) have been identified as a major cause of nosocomial infections. Nasal carriage of CoNS in nurses and physicians is known to be an important risk factor for potential hospital infections. This study was carried out to investigate the prevalence of nasal carriage of uncommon coagulase-negative staphylococci among nurse and physician staffs of Tehran University Hospitals. A total of 116 CoNS were isolated from anterior nares of the study participants working in different wards of the hospitals. Thirteen uncommon CoNS were identified using phenotypic and biochemical methods, were subsequently confirmed by API kits. Staphylococcus xylosus, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, and Staphylococcus capitis species accounted for 53.85%, 30.77%, and 15.38% from the isolates, respectively. Six isolates (46.15%) were found to be resistant to methicillin. In conclusion, screening of healthcare workers for uncommon CoNS colonization along with identification and testing for susceptibility of cultured isolates is of paramount importance in strengthening effective nosocomial infection control and prevention measures.

Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage plays an important role in the epidemiology and pathogenesis of infections, and this status accounts for both community-acquired and nosocomial infections..
This study was conducted to determine the frequency of the nasal carriage of S. aureus in healthy medical students..
Patients and This cross-sectional study was undertaken among medical students from August of 2012 until January of 2013. Nasal samples from both anterior nares were obtained from the subjects using sterile moistened swabs, and the isolates were identified as S. aureus by the standard microbiological tests. The antibiotic susceptibility profiles were determined by the disc diffusion method according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines..
Out of the 200 nasal swabs obtained, the overall nasal carriage of S. aureus was 24.5% (49/200). The prevalences of the methicillin-susceptible and resistant Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage were 20% (40/200) and 4.5% (9/200), respectively, while the antibiotic susceptibility tests revealed that all 49 S. aureus isolates were sensitive to mupirocin..
Despite the higher frequency of S. aureus nasal carriage in the interns, compared to the first year students, the difference did not reach statistical significance. Therefore, attendance at medical centers cannot be considered a risk factor for increasing carriage..

Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) nasal carriage may be responsible for some serious infections in hemodialyzed patients. The main target of this study was to estimate the prevalence of S. aureus nasal carriage in hemodialysis outpatients and medical staff in hemodialysis centers specifically in Fez region. The second target is to identify the risks of colonization, resistance pattern of isolates and their virulence toxin genes.Patients and Nasal swab specimens were obtained from 143 hemodialyzed outpatients and 32 medical staff from January to June 2012. Each participant completed a short questionnaire. Nasal carriage of S. aureus was demographically related (age, gender, hemodialysis duration), comorbidity (diabetes, malignancy) and exposure to health care (dialysis staff, hospitalization). PCR were used on all the isolates in the research of twelve staphylococcal enterotoxins genes. Also, PCR was used to investigate on the three factors epidermal cell differentiation inhibitors; three exfoliatin toxins; two leukotoxins; the toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 and the hemolysin beta genes. Nasal screening revealed 38.16%, 50% and 18.75% S. aureus carries in chronic, acute hemodialysis patients and medical staff, respectively. Only young participants were likely to be S. aureus carries (p = 0.002). there were no gender differences between the isolate carriers and non-carriers or some comorbidity factors such as viral hepatitis B and C, HIV infections, diabetes, chronic smoking, recent hospitalization or antibiotic therapy. Out of all isolates, only one (1.61%) was methicillin-resistant and Twenty-one (33.87%) had at least two virulence toxin genes. Knowledge and monitoring of antibiotic resistance profile and virulence of S. aureus carriage are essential in the treatment of infections generated by this pathogen, as well as in the control of clonal dissemination and prevent the spread of S. aureus resistance.

This study aimed to determine the frequency of nasal carriage and antibiotic susceptibility profile of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) among healthy young adults who referred to premarital screening clinics. A crosssectional study including 158 adults (79 men and 79 women) was conducted at health care centers, Isfahan, Iran, during February- August 2008. Nasal swabs from anterior nares of healthy adults were cultured and tested for S. aureus. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed on Muller-Hinton Agar using disc diffusion method according to Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). The prevalence of S. aureus nasal carriage was 26.6%. Resistance to penicillin had the highest rate. The isolates demonstrated higher sensitivity to vancomycin, clindamycin, and rifampicin. In addition, twenty-two S. aureus isolates had intermediate resistance to antibiotics. The importance of implementing strategies to eliminate nasal carriage of S. aureus to prevent the spread of infection is highlighted. Effective strategies in this field are thus strongly recommended.