جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « neisseria gonorrhoeae » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

The emergence of resistance to azithromycin complicates the treatment of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, the causative agent of gonorrhea.

The main objective of this study was to investigate the impact of mutations in different sites of the rplD gene on azithromycin resistance (AZM-R) and the molecular characteristics of N. gonorrhoeae. This study aimed to provide evidence for drug resistance and transmission.

A total of 37 isolates of N. gonorrhoeae were collected within January 2018 to December 2020. These isolates were obtained from urine, semen, or vaginal secretions of different patients. Azithromycin resistance was assessed, and genes associated with AZM-R, namely rplD, and rplV, were analyzed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequencing. All clinical isolates were characterized through multi-locus sequence typing (MLST).

The study comprised 21 azithromycin-resistant N. gonorrhoeae isolates, with two of them demonstrating high resistance, indicated by a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) greater than 256 g/mL. Additionally, 16 sensitive isolates were included in the study. Ten isolates were observed to have rplD point mutations, including mutations such as G70D, G70S, G68D, and A43T. No mutations were detected in rplV. The rate of point mutations in rplD was significantly different between the azithromycin-sensitive (AZM-S) group and the AZM-R group (P < 0.05). Among the 37 isolates studied, 12 distinct MLST types were identified and further grouped into four different MLST goeBURST groups. The two isolates with high-level AZM-R were ST1901 and ST1588, respectively.

The clinical isolates of N. gonorrhoeae from Wenzhou, Eastern China, exhibit significant genetic diversity and a relatively high prevalence of AZM-R. Mutations in the rplD gene were identified, which reduced susceptibility to macrolides and were significantly associated with increased AZM-R.

Antimicrobial resistance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae is globally spread and threatening. Culturing of N. gonorrhoeae is the only method to collect live isolates for investigation antimicrobial resistance profile. Therefore, quality assessment of N. gonorrhoeae culture is essential for successful isolation of gonococci. This study was conducted to evaluate deferred and bedside culture of N. gonorrhoeae depending on the year season and temperature condition of transport media temporary storage.

Urogenital swabs from 46 symptomatic heterosexual patients with gonorrhoea and subculture of N. gonorrhoeae in 46 suspensions in concentrations 1.5 × 108 CFU/ml were subjected to the study. Non-nutritive transporting medium Amies Agar Gel Medium with charcoal (Copan Diagnostics Inc., Brescia, Italy) was used for deferred culture and selective Chocolate agar TM+PolyViteX VCAT3 (BioMérieux, Marcy-l'Étoile, France) for both tested methods of culture.

The specificity of both bedside and deferred methods of culture was 100%. The sensitivity of deferred culture was higher than of bedside culture (82.6% vs 47.8%, p<0.0005). Deferred culture showed significantly higher sensitivity comparing to bedside culture in summer (100% vs 50%, p=0.003), and comparably the same as for bedside culture in autumn, winter and spring.

The viability of N. gonorrhoeae subcultures was significantly higher in refrigerated samples from transport media than from ambient one after exposition from 48 to 96 hours. Optimal viability of N. gonorrhoeae was observed when transport swabs were kept refrigerated up to 48 h (73.9-93.5%) or ambiently – up to 24 h (87%). Updating laboratory guidelines regarding sampling and timely specimen processing might improve gonococcal culture performance.

 Pregnant women with Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae infections can vertically transmit these microorganisms to their newborns through the birth canal and cause neonatal conjunctivitis secondary to sexually transmitted infections.

 In this cross-sectional study, we aimed to evaluate the prevalence of C. trachomatis and N. gonorrhoeae infections among pregnant women attending a hospital in Tehran, and also determine the vertical transmission rate of these two organisms to the eyes of newborns after vaginal delivery.

 Endocervical and conjunctival swabs were collected from pregnant women and their newborns within 24 hours after birth. Demographic and clinical data of participants were obtained using a questionnaire and from the hospital records. Then, DNA was extracted and tested by a multiplex PCR assay to detect C. trachomatis and N. gonorrhoeae in specimens.

 Genital infections of C. trachomatis and N. gonorrhoeae were detected in 9.6% (11 of 125) and 1.6% (2 of 125) of pregnant women, respectively. Among newborns, ocular infection with C. trachomatis was detected in 2 (1.6%), and no case of N. gonorrhoeae infection was found. Both infected infants were born from asymptomatic infected women. Therefore, the vertical transmission rate of C. trachomatis infection was calculated as 18.1%. Our results also revealed that ocular C. trachomatis infection in neonates is significantly in association with genital C. trachomatis infection in pregnant women (OR = 0.16, 95% CI = 0.03 - 0.7, P = 0.002).

 Pregnant women with asymptomatic infection of C. trachomatis have a key role in the distribution of chlamydial conjunctivitis in newborns. Since ocular prophylaxis in neonates is not effective for chlamydial conjunctivitis, therefore education and screening of pregnant women, as well as treatment of infected cases, remain as the best approach for controlling the disease.

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are a subject of great concern in public health, particularly in the field of reproductive medicine.

This study aimed to detect the presence of two sexually-transmitted bacteria, C. trachomatis and N. gonorrhoeae, in the semen samples of infertile men referred to a medical diagnostic laboratory in Rafsanjan city by PCR and also to investigate their possible effects on semen parameters.

Semen samples of 309 infertile men who were asymptomatic for genital tract infections were evaluated using the PCR method. In addition, the analysis of semen parameters was performed according to the WHO guidelines.

The average age of the participants was 32.67±17.02 years and 11.65% of cases were positive at least for one of the two tested bacteria; 11.32% for C. trachomatis and only 0.32% for N. gonorrhoeae. Furthermore, there was a direct significant correlation between chlamydia infection and at least two variables of sperm quality; activity, and live ratio (P < 0.05).

The results demonstrated that C. trachomatis are widespread among males, and this infection may lead to an effect on semen parameters such as activity and live ratio.

Neisseria gonorrhoeae (N. gonorrhoeae) and Trichomonas vaginalis (T. vaginalis) are the most common sexually transmitted microorganisms. Contamination with these microorganisms is a global problem, such that T. vaginalis causes complications in pregnancy and increases the risk of HIV transmission. N. gonorrhoeae causes pelvic infections and can result in complications such as infertility, chronic pelvic pain, ectopic pregnancy, and preterm delivery. In this study, the frequency of these two microorganisms and their related factors was investigated.

This descriptive-analytic study was performed in the gynecology clinic affiliated with Vali-e-Asr Hospital of Birjand during a one-year period (2018). A total of 400 women with abnormal vaginal discharge were included. Sterile swabs were used to take samples from the vaginal area, and the specimens were mounted on four microscope slides. One of the slides was used to detect vaginal Trichomoniasis by wet mount, and three other slides were stained via Giemsa (for diagnosis of vaginal discharge), Gram, and methylene blue staining methods (for detection of N. gonorrhoeae). Data analysis was performed in SPSS software, using Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests.

The mean age of the patients was 32.67 ± 8.24 years. The percentage of infliction with N. gonorrhoeae and T. vaginalis were 1.75% and 6.75%, respectively. Statistical analysis did not show a significant difference between the prevalence of T. vaginalis infection and different factors such as age, education level, place of residence, marital status, and contraceptive method (P < 0.05).

The relative frequency of infection with N. gonorrhoeae in Birjand appears to be within the predicted global range, while the frequency of T. vaginalis is more than the expected range. It is recommended that healthcare professionals be trained for timely prevention and treatment of people with signs, notification, education, and screening.

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected women are usually at a higher risk of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) than others. The objective of this study was to characterize the prevalence of human papilloma virus (HPV), herpes simplex virus (HSV), Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG), and associated risk factors among HIV-infected women in Fars province, Iran. In this cross-sectional study, cervical swab samples were collected from 71 HIV-infected women, aged 17-45 years (mean ± standard deviation: 31.11 ± 6.58 years), and tested for HPV, HSV, CT, and NG using PCR assays. Overall, 77.5% of patients were positive for the tested STIs with the following distribution: 36 (50.7%) HPV, 7 (9.9%) HSV, 4 (5.6%) NG, and 27 (38%) CT. From those, 39 (55%) were positive for only one infection, while 16 (22.5%) were positive for multiple infections. We observed that the prevalence of all tested STIs increased by age, except for HSV which showed a slight decrease, although not statistically significant. Socio-economic factors such as low educational level, multiple sex partners, and being a sex worker significantly correlated with higher positive prevalence of STIs in the studied population. A high prevalence of STIs was observed among HIV-infected women in this region. These data might prompt policy makers and STI experts to focus on providing a comprehensive sex education, including participation in screening programs for STIs among high-risk groups.

Neisseria gonorrhoeae is the second most sexually transmitted diseases agents in developing countries. Antimicrobial resistance strains have created serious health concern. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of endocervical gonococcal infection and antimicrobial susceptibility of N.gonorrhoeae in Kashan, Iran. In this study, 294 endocervical swabs were collected from married women referred to the obstetrics and gynecology clinics in Kashan from December 2012 to May 2013. The samples were cultured in modified Thayer Martin in 37°C with 5-10% CO2 for 72 hours. Gram staining, oxidase, catalase and carbohydrate utilization tests were used to identify the isolated species. All isolates were tested for their susceptibilities to antimicrobials using the Kirby Bauer-disk diffusion techniques. N.gonorrhoeae was detected in 2.38% of studied cases (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.5-3.26%). All isolates were resistance to ceftriaxone, penicillin G, ciprofloxacin, cefepime, and two isolate (28.5%) showed intermediate sensitivity to tetracycline. Continued monitoring of prevalence of N.gonorrhoeae is important for preventing the dissemination of this microorganism. The present study emphasizes the importance of surveillance of antimicrobial resistance of N.gonorrhoeae in order to manage the rate of resistant strains and to revise the treatment policies.

Bacterial vaginosis or non-specific vaginitis describes the disease caused by a change in the normal Flora of the vagina, which leads to the elimination of Lactobacilli, generating hydrogen peroxide and excess growth of bacteria, particularly anaerobic bacteria. This disease is the most prevalent infection of the female genital tract, and the rate of frequency of anaerobic bacteria, specifically vaginal species of Gardnerella and Mycoplasma, is 100 to 1,000 times higher than that of healthy individuals. To determine the rate of frequency of Gardnerella vaginalis, Mycoplasma genitalium and Neisseria gonorrhoeae, which are present in bacterial vaginosis. samples of vaginal secretions of pregnant women referred to the Women’s Clinic in the Tonekabon Township were obtained. In order to detect the presence of Gardnerella vaginalis, Mycoplasma genitalium and Neisseria gonorrhoeae, the samples were studied using the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method. After obtaining the data, the results were analysed using the Chi-square (x2) test. Of the 44 samples tested, 3 cases were found to contain Gardnerella vaginalis (6.81 percent), 2 cases to contain Neisseria gonorrhoeae (4.54 percent), and 10 cases to contain Mycoplasma genitalium (22.72 percent). Statistical analysis showed that Mycoplasma genitalium was significantly related to the consequence of abortion. However, there was no relationship between infections caused by Gardernerella vaginalis, Mycoplasma genitalium and Neisseria gonorrhoeae with premature delivery and hospitalization of the newborn in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). Considering the findings, it seems that a low percentage of the studied populations were afflicted by the bacterial vaginosis.