جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « nerve cell » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Nervous and brain cells injury is a complex, life-threatening condition that causes mortality and disability worldwide. Noeffective treatment has been clinically verified to date. Achieving effective drug delivery across the blood–brain barrier (BBB) presents a major challenge to therapeutic drug development for nervous and brain cells injury. Furthermore, the field of nerve damage biomarkers is rapidly developing to cope with the many aspects of pathology and enhance clinical management of this type of damage. Exosomes appear to be effective inter-cellular communicators delivering several types of molecules, such as proteins and RNAs, suggesting that they could influence types of stem cells differentiation. Exosomes are endogenous extracellular vehicles (EVs) containing various biological materials, including lipids, proteins, microRNAs, and other nucleic acids. Compelling evidence exists that Exos, such as stem cell-derived Exos and even neuron or glial cell-derived Exos, are promising treatment strategies for Nervous cells injury because they pass through the BBB and have the potential to deliver molecules to target lesions. Meanwhile, Exos have Fewer safety risks compared to intravenous injection or orthotopic transplantation of viable cells, such as microvascular occlusion or imbalanced growth of transplanted cells. These unique characteristics also make Exos contents, especially Exos-derived microRNAs, as appealing biomarkers in nervous and brain cells injury. In this review, we explore the potential impact of cell-derived Exos and exosome-derived contents on the diagnosis, therapy, and prognosis prediction of nerve damage. The associated challenges and opportunities are also discussed.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have different sources, including bone marrow, adipose tissue, umbilical cord, amniotic fluid, and amniotic membrane. They have immunomodulatory properties. These cells can be used for the treatment of many neurological diseases such as Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s disease. In this study, MSCs were isolated from the amniotic membrane, and their surface markers were investigated using flow cytometry. MSCs were differentiated to osteoblasts, adipocytes, and finally, to the nerve cells under the influence of epidermal, basic fibroblast natural growth factors, and two other media. The first medium included indomethacin, butyric acid, and ascorbic acid. The second one included retinoic acid and ascorbic acid. The expression of paired box gene 2 (PAX2) and nuclear receptor related-1 (NURR1) genes were investigated using real-time polymerase chain reaction and showed higher levels than that of controls. The presence of the expression of β-tubulin III and microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAPII) was studied by immunocytochemistry. The result suggested that the second medium included retinoic acid was better than the first medium. Protecting neurons are important in neurological diseases, and the expression of mRNAs such as PAX2, NURR1, β-tubulin III, and MAPII plays an effective role in neural differentiation.