جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "neuroglia" در نشریات گروه "پزشکی"

 Epilepcy is a chronic neurological disease, and due to its complex mechanism, the current therapeutic drugs for it are not effective enough. It may have a non-neurological origin such as astrocytes and microglia.

This study aims to investigate the effect of cabergoline and levetiracetam (alone or combined) on the histological and stereological structure of the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum in rats with pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced seizure. 

 In this experimental study, samples were 30 female rats in five groups of control, seizure (PTZ-induced kindling), seizure+levetiracetam, seizure+cabergoline, seizure+levetiracetam+cabergoline. Levetiracetam and cabergoline were used at 50 and 0.05 mg/kg doses, respectively, and half of these doses were used in the seizure+levetiracetam+cabergoline group. After anesthesia, animals’ brain tissue was removed and after preparing tissue slices, the number of neurons and neuroglia was examined using stereology technique.

 In the cerebral cortex and in the molecular and granular layers of the cerebellum, the numbers of neurons and neuroglia in the treatment groups were not significantly different from those in the control group, but a significant decrease was observed in the CA1, CA2, and CA3 regions of the hippocampus in the seizure group compared to the control group. In dentate gyrus, the number of neurons in all treatment groups and the number of neuroglia in the seizure group showed a significant decrease compared to the control group. In the Purkinje layer of the cerebellum, there was no significant change in the number of neurons compared to that in the control group.

 The hippocampus is more involved in the occurrence of seizure activity than other parts of the brain. Neurons and neuroglia play an essential role in seizures, but more studies are needed for determining the relationship between the number of these cells and the use of cabergoline because their number decreases in different parts of the hippocampus following chronic seizures, where the relationship is different between dendrite gyrus and CA regions.

Recovery in central nervous system (CNS) disorders is hindered by the limited ability of the vertebrate CNS to regenerate and replace damaged myelin، and re-establish functional neural connections. In spinal cord injury and other traumas، demyelination of intact axons is an important factor contributing to loss of function. Previous studies suggest that substantial recovery of function might be achieved through remyelination of damaged axons. This study examined the effects of Triiodothyronine (T3) on in vitro trans-differentiation of adult rat bone marrow stromal stem cells (BMSCs) into oligodendrocyte - like cells (OLCs).

This research was performd experimentally. Under strile conditions، BMSCs were isolated from female sprague-dawley rats. BMSCs were evaluated for different markers such as fibronectin، CD44، CD90، oct4 and CD45. OLCs transdifferentiated from BMSCs by sequential exposure of BMSCs to DMSO and RA in preinduction stage and then induced by heregulin، PDGF-AA، bFGF، and T3 at the induction stage. In both stages of preinduction and induction، the experssion of CD45، CD90، CD44، fibronectin، nestin، Oligo2، O4، NF68، NF160، GFAP، and O1 were assassed by RT-PCR and immunocytochemistry.

Our results from immunocytochemistry showed that the fibronectin، CD44، CD90، and CD45 were expressed 94. 32 ± 0. 45%، 95. 48 ± 0. 24% and 97. 16 ± 0. 82% (p< 0. 05). Assessment of of O1، O4 and oligo2 experssion showed that in the induction stage، combination of HRG، PDGF، bFGF and T3 (25ng/ml) have an effective role in transdifferentiation of BMSCs into OLCs. ‍

DMSO and RA can transdifferente BMSCs into NeuroProgenitor Cells (NPC) and these cells can be differentiated into OLCs by combination of HRG، PDGF، bFGF and T3 (25ng/m) l.