جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « number » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Psychologically, infertility is a critical period resulting from the imbalance between couples who expect a child, so that it becomes clear that they are not able to reach their goal. The aim of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of Benson relaxation method on reduction of stress and increasing the number and motility of sperms among infertile males.
This study was conducted on males referring to two urologists in Khoramabad city, Iran in 2016. The subjects were selected through available sampling method; then, 15 people in experimental group (relaxation and drug therapy) and 15 people in control group (drug therapy) were assigned randomly. The instruments used in this study were demographic questionnaire, Niwton’s infertility questionnaire and spermogram test results. The entry conditions to the study were: 25 to 40 age range, no previous use of sedative drugs, no previous experience of relaxation, being infertile over one year, and not using drugs. Clomiphene Citrate and Zinc Plus were prescribed by the urologists for both groups. Stress pretest was conducted before the psychological intervention and drug therapy for each group. Then, stress posttest was conducted after ending the psychological intervention and before conducting the spermogram test.
Covariance analysis indicated that infertile males in the experimental group (relaxation training with drug therapy) in comparison with the control group (drug therapy) showed more reduction in the rate of stress. Moreover, according to the spermogram results, the rate of sperm motility in 73.33% of the experimental group (11 people) increased to over 50% and the number of sperms in 67% of them (10 people) increased to more than 20 million. In the control group that continued the drug therapy, the rate of sperm motility in 46.66% (7 people) was over 50% and the number of sperms in 60% (9 people) increased to more than 20 million.
According to the results of this study, Benson relaxation method decreased stress and increased motility and the number of sperms. Therefore, fertility scientists are recommended to apply Benson relaxation method as an adjunctive therapy beside drug therapy to get desired outcomes.

Previous studies on mental representation of numbers have shown an interaction between numbers and space. This representation is called mental number line with small numbers in left and big numbers in right. It is affected by writing direction. The aim of this study was to investigate number-space interaction and its nature considering the characteristics of Persian writing system. In the first experiment 30 undergraduate students volunteered to complete two symbolic and non-symbolic Posner’s attentional tasks. In second experiment 37 new students completed the symbolic task and their ERPs were recorded meanwhile. Data were analyzed by repeated-ANOVAs. There was no interaction between magnitude and side (F=0. 437، p=0. 51). The main effect of magnitude was significant (F=5. 21، p=0. 03). Dot detection after small numbers were responded faster (468±13 ms) than bigger numbers (475±14). Response times for symbolic quantities (464±13) were faster than non-symbolic quantities (479±14) (F=5. 12، p=0. 03). Similarly، in the second experiment، main effect of magnitude was significant (F=9. 612، p=0. 005). No main effect or interaction for latency of P300 was significant. Behavioral results showed the size effect. However no interaction of magnitude by side (SNARC effect) was seen. In other words magnitude did not shift the mental attention to left or right. Behavioral findings were not verified by ERP results. In summary، affected by Persian writing system، there was no interaction between numbers and space contrary to other languages except Hebrew. In addition، this study indicated that the source of this variation is not at perceptual level and it should be investigated at other levels.

The present study aimed to investigate the influence of gender differences in time perception in time perception in relation with number processing.
fifty-six volunteer undergraduate female and male students of the University of Tabriz participated in the study. Numbers 1¡2¡8¡9 were projected to all subjects in two duration of short time (300¡400¡500 millisecond) and long time (1000¡1100¡1200 ms) via a computerized time reproduction task. Subjects were asked to reproduce duration time of number. Three-factor ANOVA with repeated measures was used to analyze data.
Results revealed that the duration of short duration was overestimated, whereas the long durations were underestimated. Numbers affected time perception. The accuracy of time perception depended on the length of the duration and number. Reproduction of short duration was more inaccurate than long duration. In short duration, women had significantly accurate estimation in compare with men. Vice versa, men have exact estimate in long time in compare with women. But the differences between men and women were not salient like short duration.

One of the causes of error and perturbation in isodose curves in conventional radiotherapy treatment planning is the existence of tissues having either very high density (bone, prosthesis) or very low density (lung, air cavities). Nowadays, the use of CT images to solve this problem is growing, and so is the need for calibration curves that convert the CT-number of the tissue to electron density for dose calculation. The conventional method to obtain this curve is purely measurement-based, in which a phantom containing various materials of known electron densities is imaged. Alternatively, a more fundamental method of stoichiometry has been used in this work. For the stoichiometric method, initially a cylindrical polyethylene phantom was built. The phantom consists of inserts of high-purity aluminum, PVC, polyethylene, water and cork to model hard bone, skeleton, fat, muscle and lung tissues, respectively. CT imaging was then performed at 120 kVp using a spiral CT scanner (GE model NXI). A system of simultaneous equations was solved to get the appropriate CT-number to electron-density conversion for each tissue type using the CT-numbers from the phantom images, the physical and radiological data of the materials. A conversion curve showing the variation of CT-number with relative electron density was also plotted. The result of the stoichiometric conversion was then compared to that from other methods. The system of simultaneous equations yielded the factors, ,. The experimental and the computed CT-numbers were compared. The highest uncertainty was estimated to be approximately 5.6% for a relatively high-density material such as aluminum and 4% for polyethylene. The curves representing the electron density based on CT-number start diverging at CT-number equal to zero and above.Discussion and Comparing the results obtained from the experimental and computational methods suggest an acceptable level of accuracy for the computational (stoichiometric) conversion. The uncertainty in the electron density obtained is greater for materials of higher electron density.

Background and Çoffes is a popular traditional drink in many countries, it has duretic and vasodilator properties and reduces free radicals of oygen. Ëvidences show that coffee reduces urea and serum keratinin, but over drinking leads to glomerulosch lerosis. Ïn this study the effects of high concentrations of coffee extract on kidney is studied by sterologic methods. Ïn this study 60 sprague-dawley rats weighing 230-250 grams were randomly selected and divided into 5 groups. To the control group water and to the experimental groups aqueous extract of coffee with concentrations of 0.025, 0.5, 1,1.5 gr/kg were administered oraly twice a day. Âfler 48 hours, the animals went under deep anaesthesia with ether, disected and after fiation with 10% formalin for solution by vascular perfured. Following routine tissue processing, 1 mm kidney tissue section was prepared and from each section, pairs of 5 μm diametor were prepared and stained with M H & Ë. prepared sections were studied by physical dissector method. There was no significant differece between the number of kidney glomeruli between the control and experimental groups. Çonclusion: Ït seems that, high concentrations of coffee has no effect on the number of glomeruli. Howere, further studies with unea and serum keratinin measurements are required to confirm the resuto reportes here.