جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "older people" در نشریات گروه "پزشکی"

Aging is a natural process of change that affects a person's social and psychological status and brings about new developments. Life expectancy is one of the factors closely associated with getting older. Because the presence of psychological symptoms, such as low life expectancy, in addition to imposing high costs on the health care system, results in poor treatment outcomes. Timely diagnosis and treatment of psychological symptoms in older people increased recovery, longer maintenance on other treatments, and improved overall quality of life. Consequently, psychological therapy can assist older adults in recovering from their individual, societal, and economic impairments. Logotherapy is one of these psychological procedures that assists clients in discovering the purpose of their lives. Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) is another subgroup of third–wave psychotherapy that can lessen some of the secondary effects of aging by increasing the life expectancy of older adults. The present study was done to compare the effects of logotherapy and ACT on the life expectancy of older adults.

This research method was quasi–experimental with a pretest–posttest design with a control group. In the first six months of 2021, all elderly residents referred to the municipality's health homes in Tehran City, Iran, were included in the statistical population. Of whom, 45 qualified participants entered the study by the available sampling and were randomly assigned to two experimental groups and one control group (each group with 15 people). In this way, by announcing the call for 3 weeks, eligible older people were registered to enter the research (76 people). Then, the Life Expectancy Questionnaire (Schneider et al., 1991) was implemented as a data collection tool. Next, 45 older adults who scored lower than average in the questionnaire (average score=36) were included in the study. The inclusion criteria were as follows: having at least 60 years and at most 75 years, having a level of literacy in reading and writing, appropriate listening and speaking ability, lacking a history of hospitalization in a psychiatric hospital, and providing informed consent to participate in research. The exclusion criteria included missing two or more intervention sessions and withdrawing from the study. In the current study, the intervention method of logotherapy (Frankl, 1967) was employed in ten 75– to 90–minute sessions for the first experimental group. In the second experimental group, ACT (Hayes, 2004) was used in eight sessions of 75–90 minutes. After collecting the data, they were analyzed using the Chi–square test, analysis of variance, univariate analysis of covariance, and Bonferroni post hoc test using SPSS statistical software version 23 at a significance level of 0.05.

The results showed that the difference in the average scores of total life expectancy (p<0.001) and components of functional hope (p<0.001) and strategic hope (p=0.018) in the posttest after controlling the pretest scores in the three groups was significant. The total scores of life expectancy (p = 0.009) and hope component (p=0.032) significantly differed between the experimental groups. Only logotherapy training had a significant effect on the total scores of life expectancy (p<0.001) components of functional hope (p<0.001) and strategic hope (p=0.005) compared to the control group. However, the ACT did not have a significant effect on life expectancy (p=0.213) and factors of functional hope (p=0.172) and strategic hope (p=0.142) compared with the control group.

Based on the findings, logotherapy is more effective in older people's life expectancy than acceptance and commitment therapy, and this therapeutic approach can be an effective intervention method for the life expectancy of older people.

 Nowadays, in the Post-COVID-19 period, paying attention to related psychological issues, such as loneliness and subsequent death anxiety among the elderly, is of particular importance. This study was conducted to determine the relationship of loneliness with death anxiety in the Post-COVID-19 era among the Older People in Ilam Province in 2023.

 In this cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study, 384 elderly men and women in Ilam province were included in the study after checking the inclusion criteria by cluster and simple random sampling methods. To collect data, demographic information questionnaires, the UCLA Loneliness Scale (Version 3), and Templer's Death Anxiety (DAS) were used. The obtained data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis, and Spearman's correlation coefficient tests in SPSS version 22 software with a significance level of P< 0.05.

 The mean and standard deviation of loneliness and death anxiety scores were 51.88 ± 14.17 and 10.93 ± 4.55, respectively. A significant direct relationship was found between loneliness and death anxiety. Also, there was a significant direct correlation between age with loneliness (r = 0.29) and death anxiety (r = 0.88) and a significant inverse correlation between the number of children with death anxiety (r = -0.1). There was a statistically significant difference between loneliness and death anxiety with gender, insurance status, residence, and housemate segregation, and there was also a statistically significant difference between death anxiety with marital status, education level, underlying disease, and experiencing a stressful event.

 Considering the positive relationship between loneliness and death anxiety and the influencing factors in this study, health policymakers must plan to reduce loneliness and subsequent death anxiety in the elderly while paying attention to these factors.

One of the most important factors in improving the condition of the elderly is the feeling of self-efficacy. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of theory-based educational intervention on self-efficacy and activity daily living of older people living in nursing homes in Isfahan city

The present study is an intervention study that was conducted in 1400 on 128 elderly people living in elderly care centers in Isfahan city. The samples were included in the study by cluster sampling method. The intervention group received interventions in four sessions. Data collection tool was self-efficacy everyday activities questionnaire and activity daily living questionnaire. Self-efficacy and activity daily living levels were measured in three stages before, one week and two months after the intervention. SPSS 16 and repeated measures analysis of variance and analysis of covariance tests were used to analyze the data.

The statistically significant difference was observed in the mean scores of self-efficacy in performing daily and difficult life activities in the stages of one week and two months after the intervention (P <0.001). The intervention group showed significantly higher self-efficacy and activities of daily living level one week and two months after the intervention compared to the control group (P <0.001).

Educational intervention based on Banduras theory, could improve the sense of self-efficacy of the elderly living in nursing homes. Also, the interventions improved the level of activity daily living in the older people in the centers.

Aging is one of the life stages of all human beings, but people’s understanding of this issue is highly different. This study aimed to determine the association between the perception of aging and hope in older people.

Using stratified random sampling, this cross-sectional study was performed on 300 older people referring to Gorgan’s comprehensive urban health service centers from 2021 to 2022. The Aging Perceptions Questionnaire and Schneider’s Hope Questionnaire were completed by older people. The Pearson correlation coefficient was estimated finally.

The mean total hope score in older women and men was 39.78 ± 5.61 and 40.93 ± 5.58, respectively. There is no statistically significant relationship between the total hope score and understanding of aging. The highest negative correlation was related to the emotional representation subscale of perception of aging with a total hope score (r = -0.42, P < 0.0001). The aging perception score was higher in older people whose number of children was less than equal to 3. In addition, the total hope score was better in older people who lived with their spouses and had a higher education, housing, and better economic status.

In this study, the perceptions of aging and hope in older people had a high level. Although overall hope was not related to perceptions of aging, hope was associated with the emotional representation subscale of perception of aging.

Water exercise is one of the most important interventions to reduce the risk of falls in the elderly. However, the effect of exercise in different depths of water has been less studied. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate and compare the effect of 8 weeks aquatic exercise in shallow and deep parts of the pool on postural stability and balance recovery strategies of the elderly.

 In this quasi-experimental study, a total of 45 elderly males (60-70 years old) were randomly selected and classified into a control and 2 intervention groups of shallow and deep-water exercises. The intervention groups participated in a water exercise program for 8 weeks, while the control group did not receive any intervention. Postural stability and balance recovery strategies of all groups before and after the intervention were evaluated using Biodex balance system and Motion Analysis system, respectively. Finally, the Mixed ANOVA test was used for data analysis(P≤0.05).

The results showed a significant increase in postural stability after conducting both types of water exercise programs(P<0.05). However, there was no significant difference between balance recovery strategies of all groups(P>0.05). The results also showed that there was no significant difference between the scores of two intervention groups(P>0.05).

In brief, it seems that both types of shallow and deep-water exercises can significantly improve the postural stability of the elderly. While these exercises cannot significantly change their balance recovery strategies. However, due to the more effective role of shallow water exercises in transferring balance strategies from the hip to ankle joint, it is recommended to pay more attention to the role of these exercises in improving the balance of older people.

Background &

Old age begins when a person reaches 60. The increasing elderly population faces many problems. The death of a spouse is one of the biggest problems of older people, leading to loneliness. Some seniors choose remarriage as a way to escape loneliness. Other causes of remarriage comprise problems of lacking a spouse, inability to express oneself, lack of independence, failure to meet sexual needs, and dissatisfaction with widowhood. Remarriage has positive consequences, such as increasing psychological well–being and quality of life, reducing depression, increasing financial and emotional security, and improving physical health. According to the presented materials, knowing the reasons and consequences of remarriage in older people who have experienced widowhood is one of the issues that deserves investigation. Therefore, the present research was conducted to know the reasons and consequences of remarriage of older people living in Tehran City, Iran.

The current research used a qualitative approach and Constructivist Grounded Theory. The research community included all older people living in Tehran who have lost their spouses. The inclusion criteria comprise people aged 60 to 80 who have lost their spouse due to death or divorce, have experienced at least one year of bereavement, remarried during their old age, are currently married, and have passed at least 6 months since their marriage. The samples were recruited by purposive sampling. The study data were collected through semi–structured interviews with the samples that continued until reaching data saturation (after 18 interviews). While conducting interviews, data analysis began with the data transcription. Using the Charmaz (2014) method, the obtained data were analyzed in three stages: initial coding, axial coding, and categorical coding. In the end, the theoretical model of the research was formed. The methods used in the current study were long–term conflict, re–inspection of the path of obtaining information, checking with the participants, and continuous comparison. The reliability of the research was calculated through the intra–subject agreement of 83.23%.

The findings of the research and the theoretical model indicate that remarriage in older adults serves as an essential phenomenon. The reasons for remarriage and the consequences of remarriage are the theoretical categories of the model. Each category consists of main themes and related subthemes. The reasons for remarriage in older people consist of three main themes: the need for independence (with four subthemes of social independence, personal independence, intellectual independence, and financial independence), sexual need (with two subthemes of sexual thoughts and sexual desires), and feeling loneliness (with two subthemes of loneliness in family and community, and emotional loneliness). Also, the consequences of remarriage had three main themes: increasing physical health (with four subthemes of nutrition management, disease prevention, exercise, avoiding drugs and narcotics), psychological well–being (with four subthemes of self–acceptance, positive relationship with others, mastering the environment, personal growth) and the quality of life (with three subtopics of mental health, social relationship, environmental health). The findings showed that the participants in the research considered the need for independence, sexual desire, and loneliness as reasons for their remarriage. They believed remarriage had improved their physical health, psychological well–being, and quality of life.

The findings of the present research identified the reasons for remarriage in older people and the positive consequences of remarriage. So, remarriage was considered a logical way to meet the needs of this group with its positive consequences.

The aim of this study was to analyze the structural relationships between meta-emotions based on personality traits and mediating role of cognitive failures in the elderly.  

This descriptive-correlational study was conducted using the structural equation modeling method. The statistical population was all elderly people aged 60 to 85 years in Ardakan, 320 of whom were selected in 2021 using convenience sampling method. Three questionnaires, including the Cognitive Failures Questionnaire (CFQ) by Broadbent et al. (1982), the Neuroticism-Extraversion-Openness Five-Factor personality Inventory (NEO-FFI) by Costa & McCrae (1985), and the Meta Emotions Scale (MES) by Mitmansgruber (2009) were used in the present study. Finally, the data were analyzed using the structural equation model (SEM), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and confirming the relationships between variables by the path analysis method.

The results showed that the goodness-of-fit indices (GFI) of the model were in a favorable condition (GFI=0.96). The results of the present study suggested that there were significant relationships between personality traits and cognitive failures with meta-emotions in the elderly (P<0.001). The results of the path analysis indicated that the mediating role of cognitive failures in the relationship between meta-emotions and personality traits was confirmed. In general, the results demonstrated that the mediating effect of cognitive failures was significant in the relationship between the personality traits including neuroticism, extroversion, agreeableness, and conscientiousness and positive and negative meta-emotions (P<0.001).

Based on the results, it is recommended that mental health professionals and individuals involved in geriatric care should focus on improving the mental health and personality of the elderly by implementing interventions to reduce and address cognitive impairment and negative meta-emotions.

Physical activity and active lifestyle delay the aging process. A better understanding of the lifestyle and health level of the elderly is useful in designing and prioritizing interventions for chronic diseases. This study aimed at exploring the relationship between lifestyle and health disorders in older adults in Ahvaz, Iran 2020.

In this descriptive-analytical study, 1000 older people were selected by systematic random sampling. Data were collected using Life Style Questionnaire (LSQ), Older People's Quality of Life Questionnaire (OPQOL), and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ). Data were analyzed in SPSS V22 applying descriptive statistics and analytical statistics (Pearson correlation coefficient or Spearman correlation coefficient). Structural equation modeling using AMOS software was used to test the theoretical model of the research and the validity of the questionnaires.

The mean age of participants was 69.5±6.5 years of whom 50.9% were women. Among the population studied 51% were overweight and 23% were obese. Confirmatory factor analysis showed significant relationships between health disorders and social health (β=1.23), quality of life (β=0.99), mental health (β=-0.78), lifestyle (β=0.57), individual factors (β=0.52), spiritual health (β=0.49), and physical health (β=-0.46), (P<0.05). According to the coefficient of determination, mental-psychological dimension (61%), spiritual dimension (51%), lifestyle (33%), individual factors (27%), social dimension (24%), and physical dimension (21%) explained the hidden variable of health disorder. In fitting the lifestyle model, the root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) was 0.052, which shows that the model has an acceptable fit.

Old adults should to be aware of the benefits of healthy lifestyle. Therefore, the health of this vulnerable group can be improved by implementing healthy lifestyle interventions, including stress management, healthy nutrition, and recreational activities.