جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "optic atrophy" در نشریات گروه "پزشکی"

Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may have impaired vision owing to high refractive errors and aversion to spectacles or contact lenses. Visual blurring is caused by near-sighted myopia, far-sighted hyperopia, or astigmatism in one or both eyes. Refractive surgery can restore sharp vision and eliminate the need for spectacles and contact lenses. Restoration of sharp vision may improve ASD behavior. We aimed to determine the refractive outcomes in this cohort using ophthalmic measures and behavioral and school performance alterations after refractive surgery by employing parent–proxy reports.

This interventional, retrospective case series included data from 267 children with refractive errors and neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) diagnosed as ASD alone or NDD with ASD-like behaviors over a 15-year period. One of three refractive surgery methods was employed, with the choice of method uniquely tailored to the child’s eye anatomy. Laser photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) was performed in 131 children, implantation of a phakic intraocular lens (pIOL) in 115 children, and removal of the crystalline lens and implantation of an intraocular lens (refractive lens exchange, RLE) in 21 children. All procedures were performed under brief general anesthesia, with the child returning home on the same day.

The median age at surgery was 10.9 years and the median follow-up period was 3.1 years. Pre-operative refractive errors ranged from a mean (standard deviation) +7.5 (0.09) D to -14.3 (4.8) D. Surgery corrected 87% of the children to normal focal length (± 1 D). Visual acuity improved an average of 0.6 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution, the equivalent of 6 lines on a standard eye chart. Change in visual acuity was significant (all P < 0.01) between baseline and the most recent follow-up examination in each of subgroups. Change in spherical equivalent refractive error at 3, 12, 24, 36, 60, and > 60 months post-operatively were significant (all P < 0.01) between baseline and each follow-up visit in each of subgroups. Social interactions and ASD behaviors improved in 72% (192) of the treated children (P < 0.01). The incidence of sight-threatening complications was low.

Refractive surgery improves both visual function and behavior in most children with ASD and major myopia, hyperopia, or astigmatism. The PRK, pIOL, and RLE procedures appear to be effective and reasonably safe methods for improving refractive error, visual acuity, and behavior in many ametropic children with ASD and ASD-like NDDs.

To report a rare case of primary pneumosinus dilatans (PSD) and to specify the cardinal imaging findings associated with this condition.

A 20-year-old patient presented with bilateral profound visual loss as a result of primary PSD. A detailed review of clinical findings and presumed pathophysiological basis of vision loss was performed.

Other than undiagnosed primary hypothyroidism, no other abnormalities were found. With the diagnosis of PSD, the patient underwent optic nerve decompression through transnasal sphenoidotomy. However, after nine months of follow-up, no improvement in the patient’s vision was attained.

Unlike previous reports of favorable visual results after sphenoidotomy and bilateral decompression of the optic nerves, vision recovery was not achieved in this case.

To study the demographic profile, severity and causes of visual impairment among registered patients in a tertiary care hospital in north Kolkata, eastern India, and to assess the magnitude of under‑registration in that population.
This is a retrospective analytical study. A review of all visually impaired patients registered at our tertiary care hospital during a ten‑year period from January 2005 to December 2014, which is entitled for certification of people of north Kolkata, eastern India (with a population denominator of 1.1 million), was performed. Overall, 2472 eyes of 1236 patients were analyzed in terms of demographic characteristics, cause of visual impairment, and percentage of visual disability as per the guidelines established by the government of India.
Male patients (844, 68.28%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 65.69‑70.87) registered more often than female patients (392; 31.72%, P = 0.0004). The registration rate for visual impairment was 11.24 per 100,000 per annum; this is not the true incidence rate, as both new patients and those visiting for renewal of certification were included in the study. Optic atrophy was the most common cause of visual impairment (384 eyes, 15.53%; 95% CI, 14.1‑16.96).
Commonest cause of visual impairment was optic atrophy followed by microphthalmos. Under‑registration is a prevalent problem as the registration system is voluntary rather than mandatory, and female patients are more likely to be unregistered in this area.

We aimed to present the ophthalmic manifestations of neuro‑metabolic disorders.
Patients who were diagnosed with neuro‑metabolic disorders in the Neurology Department of Mofid Pediatric Hospital in Tehran, Iran, between 2004 and 2014 were included in this study. Disorders were confirmed using clinical findings, neuroimaging, laboratory data, and genomic analyses. All enrolled patients were assessed for ophthalmological abnormalities.
A total of 213 patients with 34 different neuro‑metabolic disorders were included. Ophthalmological abnormalities were observed in 33.5% of patients. Abnormal findings in the anterior segment included Kayser–Fleischer rings, congenital or secondary cataracts, and lens dislocation into the anterior chamber. Posterior segment (i.e., retina, vitreous body, and optic nerve) evaluation revealed retinitis pigmentosa, cherry‑red spots, and optic atrophy. In addition, strabismus, nystagmus, and lack of fixation were noted during external examination.
Ophthalmological examination and assessment is essential in patients that may exhibit neuro‑metabolic disorders.

To report a case of Wolfram syndrome (WS) characterized by diabetes mellitus, diabetes insipidus, progressive optic atrophy, and deafness.
Case report: A 19-year-old female patient, a known case of diabetes mellitus type I from six years before, presented with progressive vision loss since four years earlier. On fundoscopic examination, she had bilateral optic atrophy without diabetic retinopathy. The patient also had diabetes insipidus, neurosensory deafness, and neurogenic bladder.
WS should be considered a differential diagnosis in patients with diabetes mellitus who present with optic atrophy, and it is necessary to perform a hearing test as well as collecting 24-h urine output.

A 15-year-old boy was referred because of bilateral hydroureteronephrosis. He had poorly controlled diabetes mellitus since he was 4 years old. He had polyuria and polydipsia. On water deprivation test, he developed hypernatremia along with increased levels of BUN and creatinine. He also had hypertension that was effectively managed with losartan. Bilateral optic atrophy was detected on ophthalmoscopic examination. It seems that this boy is a rare case of Wolfram syndrome.

Incontinentia Pigmenti (IP) is a rare X-linked dominant disorder with skin, eye, central nervous system (CNS) and tooth abnormalities. According to the reported cases, it is estimated that there have been nearly 900-1200 affected individuals. In this article, the literature is reviewed and a case of IP with characteristic skin lesions and optic atrophy is presented.

To investigate and compare the causes of blindness in ocular Behçet’s disease (BD) in men and women In a retrospective, descriptive investigation from 1976 to 2008, 6,021 BD cases were registered in our BD Unit of Shariati Hospital of Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS). At the last visit, 187 patients (124 men and 63 women) were blind (vision=1/10 or less) at least in one eye and with at least 3 years of follow-up in our clinic. All patients received conventional treatments for BD following the diagnosis. 187 unilateral or bilateral blind cases of BD, 124 males (244 eyes) and 63 females (124 eyes) were included in our study. They were blind (VA=1/10 or less) at the last visit. The mean age of men was 31.74±8.6 years, the mean age of women was 33.13±10.26 years at presentation, t=0.97, P=0.3. At presentation 229 eyes (62.23%) had severely impaired vision (VA≤1/10), 144 eyes (59.02%) of men and 85 eyes (68.55%) of women, χ2 =0.403, P=0.5. The mean duration of diagnosis up to 2008 was 13.85±6.42 years in men and 15.65±6.41 years in women, t=1.8, P=0.05. The end-blinding outcome was registered in 77.99% (N=287) eyes, 78.28% (N=191) eyes in men and 77.42% (N=96) eyes in women. χ2 =0.05, P=0.8. The most common cause for blindness was end-stage disease (retinal vascular necrosis or fibrosis, chorioretinal and optic atrophy) which was observed in 39.67% (N=146) eyes, 40.98% (N=100) eyes of men and 37.09% (N=46) eyes of women, χ2 -0.163, P=0.7. BD can have a very severe and blinding outcome, but the end blinding result does not seem to be different in two genders.

The left eye of a 65-year-old male was blind due to optic atrophy and only seeing eye had also dry type age-related macular degeneration. An anterior ischemic optic neuropathy developed in the better seeing eye. Vision recovered in the blind eye in a short time after losing the better eye. Gaining some vision in a blind eye may be an adaptation of visual pathway in such patients.