جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "orthoses" در نشریات گروه "پزشکی"

As a person gets older, their gait patterns change and their ability to walk decreases. Orthoses are used to relieve musculoskeletal disorders, skeletal problems, disabilities, etc. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of orthoses on timing of lower limb muscles in the older adults during gait.

The present study was a clinical trial. 14 females (with average age of 60.50±4.40 years) and 14 males (with average age of 63.35±5.55 years) were selected with available sampling, voluntarily participated in this research. Eight electrodes were placed on the selected muscles (tibialis anterior, gastrocnemius medial, vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, biceps femoris, semitendinosus, gluteus medius, erector spinae) to record electrical activity during the gait with and without orthoses. To analyze the data SPSS software (version 16), and a repeated analysis of variance test was used. The significance levels in all tests were considered to be 0.05.

The main effects of orthoses and the interaction effects of orthoses and sex for the onset of selected muscles activities did not show any significant differences (P>0.05). The effect of sex for the onset of activities in medial gastrocnemius (P=0.007), vastus medialis (P=0.002), vastus lateralis (P=0.027), semitendinosus (P=0.004), gluteus medius (P=0.030), and erector spinae (P=0.039) muscles was significant, so that the onset of muscle activity in the female group was earlier than in the male group.

Orthoses showed no improvement on onset of selected muscles activities, although significant differences were observed between the male and female groups.

Proprioceptors of the plantar surfaces of the foot have less efficiency and the stimulation and reinforcement of them may be lead to reduction of falling risk. One of the methods to reinforce proprioceptor receptors in these individuals is using textured foot orthoses. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of textured foot orthoses on frequency spectrum of lower extremity muscles, stance time and comfort in individuals over age of 55 years during walking.

This quasi-experimental study was done on the 14 females and 14 males age ranged of 56-70 years with the ability to walk independently and with physical and mental health status. Subjects were compared during five conditions including without foot orthoses and using four foot orthoses (including small and large foot orthoses with two types of flexible and rigid), flexible and rigid large textured foot orthoses. The 8 electrodes were located on tibialis anterior, medial gastrocnemius, vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, biceps femoris, semitendinisus, gluteus, and erector spinae in 3 lumbar vertebrae region muscles.

Frequency content of tibialis anterior and vastus medialis was significantly increased in males than female (P<0.05). Vastus medialis frequency during walking with large foot orthoses was more than walking without foot orthoses (P<0.05). The comfort level was different during flexible large textured foot orthoses condition compared with flexible small textured foot orthoses condition (P<0.05). The stance time was not significant between all conditions.

Increased frequency content of the vastus medialis muscle can increase the absorption and decrease the vertical loading rate imposed on the foot, which in turn reduces the risk of injury of the lower limb in older adults.

Walking is one the common daily activities. With the beginning of middle age, weakness in the lower limb muscles can reduce the ability to walk. The use of foot orthoses reduce the load on the limbs and supports the joints during walking. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the acute effect of foot orthoses on the frequency spectrum of ground reaction forces during walking in the older adults.

In this semi-experimental and laboratory study, 21 elderly (15 females and 6 males) with a mean height of 164.19±4.26 centimeters and weight of 80.04±3.50 kg, and age of 66.00±3.50 years were volunteered to participate in the study. The walking trials were done during three conditions including walking without foot orthoses, walking with small and large textured orthoses. The Bertec force plate (made in USA) with dimensions of 40 * 60 cm was used to record ground reaction forces.

The results of this study did not show any significant differences between walking without foot orthoses, walking with small and large textured foot orthoses for frequency of 99.5%, median frequency, frequency band and number of essential harmonics (P>0.05). However, the comfort level during wearing of large texture insole condition significantly increased compared to other conditions (P<0.05).

The textured foot orthoses do not affect the frequency spectrum of ground reaction forces; however, it improves the comfort of the individual while walking.

Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome is one of the most common musculoskeletal disorders of the knee. There are various treatment approaches to manage this condition including surgery, physiotherapy and orthoses. The objective of this study was to review the effectiveness of orthotic interventions in patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome.
Papers from 2004 to 2015 were obtained using a systematic search within electronic databases. Keywords used in this study included various combinations of keywords for patellofemoral pain syndrome, orthosis and their synonyms. 67 articles were initially selected after reviewing titles and abstracts. In the next step, the full texts were reviewed in details and finally 31 full-text articles were selected for quality appraisal. Six articles with good and intermediate quality scores were entered to pooled data analyses. Meta-analyses were carried out using RevMan software for immediate and follow-up pain reduction as well as individual function of daily living activity.
From 31 selected articles, 17 papers focused on the effectiveness of foot orthoses (mainly were about the wedge insoles) and 14 papers focused on the knee orthoses (including knee brace, knee sleeve, patellar strap). Five articles also looked at the effects of exercise therapy used as adjacent intervention along with an orthosis. In spite of the low quality of the searched evidences, meta-analysis indicated that knee orthosis induces the pain reduction and functional improvement in patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome.
The results indicates that the application of an orthosis may reduce pain and improve individual function in daily living activities. It was also indicated that orthotic devices improve alignment of the leg and increase the quality of life, however, further robust evidence still required to justify this results for clinical implication. It is not clearly understood if orthotic therapy have had any effect on proprioception, biomechanical re-alignment or reduction of the muscle's fatigue.

Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is one of the most common musculoskeletal disorders with various conservative therapeutic methods for its management. The aim of this study was to investigate national research regarding the effects of conservative treatment methods of PFPS.
The review process was performed using the keywords of anterior knee pain, PFPS, quadriceps strengthening exercises, hip muscle strengthening exercises, taping, bracing, orthoses, exercise therapy, manual therapy, and physiotherapy. The search engines used included Islamic World Science Citation Center (ISC), IranMedex, Google Scholar, MedLib, Magiran, Scientific Information Database (SID), and PubMed. Only 15 articles had the study inclusion criteria. The findings related to the effects of conservative therapeutic methods on pain intensity, balance, function and physical ability, and knee joint proprioception in patients with PFPS were extracted from the selected articles.
The majority of articles focused on exercise therapy as an important part of the rehabilitation program. They had reported improvement in patients with PFPS in terms of pain intensity, disability, and proprioception as a result of exercise therapy. Although, other therapeutic methods also had positive effects on these patients, they were not as effective as therapeutic exercise.
Current literature supports the continued use of exercise therapy as an efficient treatment in patients with PFPS. However, designing and implementation of new therapeutic interventions encompassing other treatment methods and evaluation of their long term effects through follow-up assessments is essential.

Knee Osteoarthritis (OA) is a leading cause of disability in older adults.In current study, the effects of three types of orthoses on pain reduction wereevaluated in OA patients in Iran. In this prospective clinical trial, thirty six patientsconsisting of 11 men and 25 women with age (Mean±SD) of 54.56±2.82 years anddiagnosis of mild to moderate knee OA included. Patients were assigned to threegroups of neoprene sleeve, unloader knee brace, and insole with lateral heel wedgeeach with twelve members. Their pain evaluated using visual analog scale beforeorthotic treatment and again six months after orthotic treatment. The results of eachgroup compared together using paired t statistics. There was a significant difference in knee pain in all three groups beforeand after orthotic treatment (P<0.05). Percent of pain reduction was 40.909%,40.186% and 32.493% in neoprene sleeve, unloader knee brace, and insole withlateral heel wedge, respectively. It seems that neoprene sleeve by keeping the knee joint temperature, decreases pain. In group with unloader knee brace, probably the brace alters thigh and calf alignments during walking and causes pain reduction. In insole with lateral heel wedge group, it seems that insole by altering the orientation of calcaneus tovalgus, reduces pain. Future studies with more participants and with consideration oflonger follow-up in addition to measure knee and calcaneus displacements arerecommended.