جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "oxidative stres" در نشریات گروه "پزشکی"

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a prominent health problem worldwide and it may lead to cognitive dysfunction, disability, and even death. To date, there is no effective treatment for TBI.  Our previous study showed that Huperzine A (HupA) improved cognitive function in a mouse model of TBI. However, the detailed mechanism of HupA remains unaddressed. In this study, we investigated the possible mechanism of the neuroprotective effect of HupA.  C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into 3 groups as sham, injured with vehicle treatment, and injured with HupA treatment groups. The Morris water maze task was used to evaluate the impairment of special learning and memory. Brain edema was as-sessed by measuring the wet weight to dry weight ratio. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) levels were measured for oxidative stress. Protein expressions of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), heme oxygen-ase-1(HO-1), and synaptophysin were detected by Western blot. The brain sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) for histology study. We found that HupA therapy improved histology and cognitive functional outcomes after TBI. HupA reduced brain edema in TBI mice. furthermore, HupA inhibited ox-idative stress. HupA promoted nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) nu-clear translocation and activated Nrf2 after TBI.  HupA protects against TBI through antioxidative effects via the Nrf2-ARE pathway.

Occurrence of oxidative stress in uncontrolled diabetes mellitus affects spermatogenesis and the testicular functions. As the promising antioxidant activities of fullerene C60 nanomaterial have been demonstrated by previous reports, the current study aimed to determine the fullerene C60 effects on the markers of oxidative stress damage in testes of streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats.

To perform the current study, 32 male Wistar rats were assigned to four groups (each group, n=8) as follows: two control (normal and diabetic) and two treated (normal and diabetic) groups. Streptozotocin at dose of 45 mg/kg (i.v. injection) was used to induce diabetes at the beginning of the test. Treated rats orally received fullerene C60 (1 mg/kg/day) for 8 weeks. The markers of oxidative stress damage were assessed in the testes at the end of the study, including malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) contents as well as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities. One-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post-hoc test were used to analyze the data.

Blood glucose level was not altered in the fullerene-treated normal and diabetic animals. Diabetes induction increased MDA level, but decreased CAT activity in the testes of diabetic animals compared to the normal animals. Administering fullerene C60 significantly decreased MDA content and increased the activity of CAT in the testes of diabetic animals compared to the untreated diabetic rats. Fullerene C60 administration in normal animals also decreased the activity of SOD in the testes.  

According to our findings, fullerene C60 nanoparticle could reduce oxidative stress damage in diabetic condition in the rat testicular tissue probably through potentiating the antioxidant defense system.

N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), as a nutritional supplement, is a greatly applied antioxidant in vivo and in vitro. NAC is a precursor of L-cysteine that results in glutathione elevation biosynthesis. It acts directly as a scavenger of free radicals, especially oxygen radicals. NAC is a powerful antioxidant. It is also recommended as a potential treatment option for different disorders resulted from generation of free oxygen radicals. Additionally, it is a protected and endured mucolytic drug that mellows tenacious mucous discharges. It has been used for treatment of various diseases in a direct action or in a combination with some other medications. This paper presents a review on various applications of NAC in treatment of several diseases.

Methamphetamine has strong stimulating effects on various systems of the human body. The aim of this study was to evaluate the hematological and biochemical parameters in methamphetamine addicts and to compare them with healthyindividuals. This is a retrospective case-control study that was conducted in 1390-91 in Ibn Sina Hospital in Shiraz, Iran. Measurement of lipids (cholesterol, triglycerides), liver enzymes (alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase), albumin, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine and blood parameters such as platelets and white blood cells(WBCs) count, hemoglobin concentration and hematocrit of 60 individuals addicted to methamphetamine and 60 healthy subjects as a control group was carried out. Alanine aminotransferase, aspartate amino transferase, alkaline phosphatase, WBCs and platelet count and serum creatinine levels in methamphetamine addicts were significantly higher than the control group(p-value <0.001), while hemoglobin, hematocrit and albumin levels were lower in these patients (p-value <0.001). The use of methamphetamine increases lipid peroxidation, changes levels of inflammatory markers and increases liver enzymes, which may increase the risk of liver diseases. It also increases WBCs and platelets count as an early sign of inflammatory disease progression, associated with methamphetamine abuse. Decreased hemoglobin and hematocrit can also increase the risk of anemia in these patients. These observations may give us a better understanding about the biological mechanisms associated with the pathology of methamphetamine consumption in Iran and help us prevent and solve the problems arising from this drug.