جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « passive smoking » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

One of the key aspects of mental health is one’s overall health and lifestyle. Longitudinal studieshave shown that dissatisfaction with life causes long-term health damage and increases mortality, suicide ten-dency, unintentional injuries, disability at work, and diseases such as those of cardiovascular nature. Amongstall forms of satisfaction, that of marital is of utmost importance. On a separate note, inhalation of cigarettesmoke exposes passive smokers to many chemical and toxic carcinogens, and it can negatively affect the non-smokers present. Furthermore, in psychiatric counseling sessions, many women report that they hate smoking.If we can show that inhaling cigarette smoke in men can have an impact on marital satisfaction, it can increasethe consistency of family foundations and have positive effects on the health and spirit of family members byinforming families.

In this study, 200 housewives, who had smoking husbands that smoked at home,were subjected to pre-determined conditions, alongside 200 housewives who had non-smoking husbands andwere therefore not exposed to smoking by their husbands at home. They were divided into two groups and wereassessed by Marital Conflict Questionnaire (MCQ). For a closer look at the level of marital satisfaction, the ques-tionnaire results were divided into three subgroups which were marked as low, moderate, and good.

After calculating the total score of the questionnaire and statistical analysis, the results showed a higher rate ofmarital satisfaction in women who had non-smoking husbands compared to those who had smoking husbandsand this difference was considered significant at P-value <0.001.

Inhaling cigarette smoke in menin the family environment may seem to make a good impression on the smokers, but as the results of our studysuggest, it also has adverse effects on marital satisfaction.

Smoking affects not only smokers themselves, but also the people around them. 700 million children are exposed to second hand tobacco worldwide. One of the adverse effects of being a passive smoker is oral pigmentation.

Evaluating association between being a passive smoker and oral pigmentation.

This is a historical cohort. 140 healthy children aged from 4 to 10 with the mean age of 6.68±1.60 years old (70 with a smoker parent and 70 without smoker parents) were examined for oral pigmentation. Environmental factors were evaluated by asking the parents to fill a questionnaire. Data were analyzed using Chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, Logistic regression and Spearman scale.

There was a meaningful relationship between having a smoker parent and oral pigmentation (P-value=0.0001). spearman correlation showed parents' duration of cigarette smoking and the number of cigarettes per day meaningfully affect the severity of oral pigmentation (R=0.329). The study did not find a statistical relationship between oral pigmentation in passive smoking and sex or house area.

Children exposed to secondhand tobacco are at more risk for oral pigmentation. Its severity depends on duration of cigarette smoking and the number of cigarettes per day.

 There are many risk factors for childhood tinnitus such as hearing loss, exposure to high pitch sound, and passive smoking. Cotinine (C) is one of the metabolites of nicotine and is an important biochemical marker that reveals the objective and numerical indication of smoking exposure. Although there is a study investigating the role of urinary C levels in the etiology of tinnitus (T), the role of salivary C levels has not yet been elucidated.

 Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the risk factors of idiopathic subjective T in children in terms of passive smoking and whether the salivary C level can be used as a novel marker for monitoring and follow-up of T.

 We retrospectively studied 1,245 children aged 7 - 15 years with T. We excluded 830 patients (66.5%) whose total tinnitus diagnosis was confirmed due to organic causes such as middle ear pathology and hearing loss. The remaining 415 (33.5%) patients with subjective T and 200 healthy individuals constituted the study and control groups. Complete blood counts, routine biochemical tests, and salivary C levels of children with T and controls were measured and their parents were also evaluated.

 In univariate analysis, parents’ C, children’s C, ALP, and erythrocyte levels were significantly associated with T (P < 0.001 in all). Regarding laboratory values, erythrocyte and serum ALP levels were significantly associated with T (P < 0.001 in both) in univariate analysis (OR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.98 to 0.99 for erythrocyte and OR, 157.04; 95% CI, 44.7 to 551.6 for serum ALP level). No significant relationships were found between other parameters. These four parameters that were found to be significant in the univariate analysis showed meaningful associations with T in multivariate analysis (P < 0.01 for parents C and P < 0.001 for other parameters). It was also observed that as the C levels increased in the parents, the C level also increased in children.

 There is a significant correlation between salivary C levels and parental salivary C levels in children. This suggests that the salivary C be used for evaluating the etiology of T in children and monitoring children with T exposed to cigarette smoke.

Oral pigmentation is a condition in which the color of oral mucosa such as gingival mucosa changes. Some exogenous and endogenous factors may lead to oral pigmentation. Secondhand smoke (SHS) or environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) is indirect smoking of an active smoker’s exhalation that can lead to cardiovascular, respiratory system, and some oral diseases. The aim of this review study is to assess the effect of SHS on oral pigmentation.

Data in this study were collected from PubMed, MEDLINE, and Scopus databases with the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) keywords (Passive Smoking, Secondhand Smoke, Environmental Tobacco Smoke, Smoke Pollution, Involuntary Smoking, and Pigmentation) in the English language among the studies conducted in the period of 1990 to 2019. All records were imported into the EndNote software and duplicate articles were removed. The titles and abstracts of all records were pre-screened and among the articles remained, the relevant ones were selected for review based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. To assess the quality of the studies, the Strengthening the Reporting Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) checklist was used.

Based on the STROBE checklist, the quality of the studies was assessed and finally, seven studies were included in the review, with six of them conducted about children and young adults and one about women. 6 (85.7%) articles showed a strong correlation between ETS and oral pigmentation and 1 (14.2%) showed no correlation.

ETS probably was correlated to the oral pigmentation.

Passive smoking prevalence is high in Bangladesh. We aimed to explore the association of the theory of planned behavior constructs to reduce the exposure of passive smoking among children in the rural area of Bangladesh. Study Design: Cross-sectional study.

Overall, 410 adults had been taken at random following a self-administrative questionnaire. Data had been collected from six villages of Munshiganj district of Bangladesh from Jul to Oct 2018. Descriptive statistics were applied to describe socio-demographic characteristics. Inter correlations coefficient was done to observe the correlation, differences between demographic and dependent variables were assessed for significance using the Chi-square or Fisher’s exact test as appropriate. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to investigate the association between the theory of planned behavior constructs and exposure of passive smoking among both smoker and nonsmoker groups. All results were presented as unadjusted and adjusted odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). A P-value ≤0.05 was considered as statistically significant.

Attitude (OR 0.681, 95% CI: 0.498, 0.931) among smoker and intention (OR 0.226, 95% CI: 0.081, 0.633) was found statistically significant constructs (P<0.001) among non-smoker to reduce the exposure. Additionally, the prevalence of passive smoking exposure was found 36.6% (95% CI: 0.32%, 0.41%) on average 40% among males and 28.33% among females.

The theory of planned behavior constructs is useful to reduce the exposure of passive smoking among children, which may be useful in the future to design interventions of controlling passives smoking exposure.

Smoking has negative effects on reproductive process. Exposing tocigarette smoking (passive smoking) may exert some effects as the direct smoking.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between ovarianresponse and passive smoking in women who underwent ART cycles.

One hundred-sixty patients who underwent ICSI between2000 and 2001 were studied in a prospective cohort study. The case group includedwomen whose husbands smoked at least 5 cigarettes daily for 1 year or more. Thecontrol group included women with nonsmoking husbands. Women with high FSHlevel (>12 IU/ml) were excluded. Long standard protocol with GnRH agonist and HMGwere used in all patients. In vitro fertilization and embryo transfer was carried out in astandard fashion.

Eighty one women were in case group and 82 in control group. Ovarianresponse variables were not significantly different between two groups but there was asignificant relation between passive smoking and fertilization (RR= 1.18, 95% CI: 1.07-1.31). However pregnancy rate was not significantly different between two groups.Moreover there were no significant differences between heavy and light smokers inovarian response outcomes.

This study showed no correlation between ovarian response parametersand passive smoking in women underwent ART cycles, whereas fertilization rate issignificantly lower in this group compared to control group. It may be related to spermquality than oocytes. Assessment of nicotin in follicular fluid and cytogenetic evaluationof embryo before transfer are recommended for more information and confirmation.