جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "pediatric obesity" در نشریات گروه "پزشکی"

Pediatric obesity is one of the most serious public health problems due to high prevalence and negative outcomes. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of Pediatric overweight and obesity and some associated factors among students of elementary school in Yazd- Iran- 2016.

In this descriptive cross-sectional study, a total of 1253 healthy elementary school students were selected by multistage sampling. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated. The diagnosis of childhood overweight and obesity was based on WHO criteria. The parents of the students had the consent to participate in the study. Data analysis was performed by using SPSS version 16 software. Data were reported as mean ± standard deviation or frequency and analyzed by using chi-square test. P-value less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant.

In this study 531 (42.4%) were male and 722 (57.6%) were female. In this study 11.5 % of the boys and 10.2 % of the girls were obese. Also, 10.2 % of the boys and 14.8% of the girls were overweight respectively. Relationship between gender and BMI was statistically significant (P< 0.0001). Obesity was more frequent in boys but overweight was more frequent in girls. The relationship between BMI and father's occupation (P= 0.03) and mother's occupation (P= 0.03) and mother's education (P= 0.02) was statistically significant.

Due to the high prevalence of obesity and overweight in primary school children, school-based interventions in this age group is necessary.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) comprises a large burden on the global healthcare system with a high prevalence and lethal outcomes. Moreover, this disease is showing an incremental trend over time, partly due to the rise in obesity rates among children.

In this study, we aimed to elucidate the correlation of ultrasonographic and laboratory-assisted diagnosis of NAFLD in obese and normal-weight children.

This study assessed 50 pediatric obese or overweight children with BMIs higher than the 85th percentile for their age and sex, as well as 50 age-and sex-matched control counterparts using ultrasonography and a liver enzyme panel. The prevalence of NAFLD and the differences in lab studies were evaluated. Then, receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves were used to determine the optimal cut-off value for NAFLD based on liver enzymes.

A total of 100 participants were included in this study, 58% of whom were male. The mean age of the participants was 10.41 ± 2.224 years. The prevalence of sonographically diagnosed NAFLD in obese and overweight children was 34.0% (95% CI: 21.2% - 48.8%). The prevalence of NAFLD when assessed by lab values in this population was 58.0% (95% CI: 43.2% - 71.8%), with a low measure of agreement (K = 0.239, P = 0.058). High BMI increased the risk of NAFLD to about 8.5 times its baseline in the normal-BMI population. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease patients had significantly higher values for aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (P < 0.001), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (P < 0.001), and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) (P < 0.001), but not alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (P = 0.743). The ROC curves for AST, ALT, GGT, and BMI percentile had areas of 0.800, 0.899, 0.807, and 0.874, respectively, all of which could be used for screening NAFLD. A cut-off value of 43.5 IU/L for AST had a specificity and positive predictive value of 100% for the diagnosis of NAFLD in children.

Obese and overweight children are 8.5 times more likely to develop NAFLD compared to their normal-BMI peers. For the evaluation of this disease, liver enzyme panels integrated with ultrasonographic assessment should be utilized.

Since a comprehensive study of eating disorders in children with type 1 diabetes in the Iranian population is necessary, this study aimed to investigate the prevalence of eating behaviors and metabolic control status of children and adolescents with diabetes mellitus.

The present cross-sectional study aim to explore the prevalence of eating behaviors and their influence on metabolic control of children with type 1 diabetes mellitus.

In this cross-sectional study, all children and adolescents 6 to 12 years old with diabetes were included. First, the prevalence of eating-related behaviors in participants was assessed and recorded. Then the recorded data were statistically analyzed.

The Mean±SD age of the study participants was 8.92±1.925 years. One hundred children with food approach scores above 12.29 had food-approach behaviors, and 78 children with food avoidance scores above 11.85 were classified as having food avoidance behaviors. The relationships between food-approach behaviors and hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) and insulin dose, body mass index (BMI), and lipid profile were significant (P<0.05). Nevertheless, the relationship between these variables and food avoidance behaviors was not significant (P>0.05).

High BMI, high insulin dose, increased lipid levels, and high HbA1c are associated with an increased eating tendency in children. Therefore, these children should be evaluated for disordered eating behaviors.

Over the past three decades, the prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents has increased up to 3 times. Obesity is a multi-systemic medical problem affecting all socioeconomic statuses and increases the risk of other severe comorbidities even in childhood. In 50% of cases, there is a persistence of obesity from childhood into adulthood. This narrative review aimed to define the etiology, risk factors, prevention, and management of obesity in children. 

This narrative review was conducted through a literature search on articles in English with the keywords of pediatric obesity, child, overweight, and bariatric surgery in PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Sciences, Cochrane, and EMBASE databases from 2001 to 2021 for 4 categories of etiology, risk factors, prevention, and management of obesity in children. Scientific articles, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, consensus, recommendations, and international and national guidelines published on pediatric obesity were considered.

In this narrative review, we first assessed relevant articles to define childhood obesity and mention its etiologies. We then discussed the probability of persistent obesity from childhood into adulthood and intergenerational and perinatal transmission risks. We also noticed syndromic obesity, evaluation of childhood obesity, and its complications along with medical/surgical interventions.

Metabolic programming in particular periods of life, such as before and during pregnancy, infancy, and at the age of rebound adiposity (5.5 years old), is necessary to prevent childhood obesity. Lifestyle changes, diet modifications, promoting exclusive breastfeeding, and increased activity are the main principles of preventing and managing obesity. It is prudent to rule out syndromic and endocrinologic causes of obesity in suspicious patients along with their management.

The link between food insecurity and weight disorders of children or adolescents remains controversial. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to clarify the association between food insecurity and weight disorders of children and adolescents in Iran.

PubMed, ISI Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, Magiran, and SID databases were searched up to August 2020. Study selection, data extraction, and bias assessment in the included studies were performed by two reviewers independently. Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated using a random effects model.

The pooled ORs of cross-sectional studies showed that food insecurity was not associated with the odds of underweight (OR 1.18, 95% CI 0.52, 2.70) with no evidence of publication bias but high heterogeneity between studies (I2 = 80 %; P < 0.05). Similarly, the pooled ORs demonstrated that there was no association between food insecurity and obesity in children and adolescents of Iranian population (OR 1.29, 95% CI 0.91, 1.82) with no evidence of publication bias and heterogeneity between the studies (I2 = 0.0 %; P = 0.52).

There was no association between food insecurity and underweight or obesity in children and adolescents of Iranian population.

Childhood obesity is one of the most serious public health challenges in the 21st century. Since children's healthy habits are developed in the family, parents involvement in pediatric weight care strategies is among the most effective measures which can be implemented for the management of childhood obesity. In this regard, parents face many challenges that awareness of which is very important for managing and caring of childhood obesity. The present study aimed to explore the challenges experienced by parents in the care and management of childhood obesity. It merely focused on reporting the findings from interviews with participating parents regarding these experiences. This qualitative study was conducted through semi-structured interviews with 18 parents of obese children aged 6-12 years. A purposive sampling approach was used. The interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed through conventional content analysis based on Graneheim and Lundman method. Five categories emerged from the obtained data: Parental conflict, parents' indecisiveness and compassion, interference of others, child's stubbornness, and child's secretiveness.Implications for Practice: Given that the nurses are often charged with the responsibility of family counseling and helping them facing problems; therefore, an awareness of the difficulties presented to families can be of great help in planning and effective interventions.

Childhood obesity is a serious health problem worldwide and the number of critically ill obese children is rapidly increasing in Pediatric Intensive Care Units (PICUs). Given the importance of optimal energy and nutrient delivery that may lead to improved clinical outcomes in PICUs, we addressed the nutrition support aspects of managing critically ill obese children in PICUs.

This review was conducted on the National Library of Medicine’s PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, and Embase databases using a combination of relevant MeSH terms and keywords to provide updates on the nutritional management of obese patients in PICUs. The MeSH terms included “Child”, “Pediatrics”, “Infants”, “Obesity”, “Morbid Obesity”, “Obesity Management”, “Complications”, “Nutrition Assessment”, “Diet Therapy”, and “Intensive Care Units”. The keywords were as followed: critical care, critical illness, intensive care enteral and parenteral nutrition, morbidity, and mortality. The reference lists of the relevant articles were also reviewed to ensure adequate study identification. Thereafter, 348 records were identified and screened for eligibility in the title and abstract and duplicate publications were removed. Finally, after assessment for eligibility, 42 relevant articles published in English from 1990 to 2018 were obtained and read thoroughly in the reviewing process.

Obese children are at a high risk of nutritional deprivation in PICUs. Obesity, metabolic stress, and inflammation can affect the metabolism of nutrients in critically ill obese children. Screening for potential micronutrient deficiencies, optimal isocaloric feeding with adequate macronutrients, and micronutrients should be considered in critically ill obese children.

This review provided recent evidence to help intensivists for initial nutrition assessment and realistic nutrition care planning for critically ill obese children.

Over recent decades, with the increase in the prevalence of childhood overweight/obesity, the prevalence of pediatric non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has increased.

The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of NAFLD and its predisposing factors in overweight and obese children of Urmia, Northwest of Iran.

In this cross-sectional study, a total of 843 children aged 2 to 19 years were recruited out of 10800 children referred to the Digestive Disease Clinic of Shahid Motahari Hospital during 2016 - 2017. Anthropometric and laboratory measurements and abdominal ultrasound were performed for the children. Demographic data and their medical history were collected by a questionnaire. Unconditional logistic regression was used to predict the predisposing factors of NAFLD.

Fatty liver was diagnosed by ultrasound in 9.5% of overweight and 21.4% of obese children. The prevalence of NAFLD in obese children was 9.26% for the 2 - 5.9-year age group, 22.3% for the 6 - 11.9-year age group and 35.5% for the 12 - 19-year age group. Compared to the normal liver group, the adjusted odds ratios (ORs) [95% confidence interval (CI)] for predictive factors of NAFLD were as follows: ALT: 1.05 (1.03 - 1.09), ALK: 1.02 (1.01 - 1.03), AST: 1.04 (1.02 - 1.08), triglycerides: 1.1 (1. 08 - 1.21), TSH: 1.18 (1.1 - 1.40), FBS: 1.04 (1.01 - 1.08) and HOMA-IR: 1.19 (1.03 - 1.38). Compared to the age group of 2 - 5.9 years, the odds ratio of NAFLD was increased by 4 and 8 times in the age group 6 - 11.9 and 12 - 19 years, respectively.

There was a strong relationship between pediatric NAFLD and ALT, AST and HOMA-IR in the overweight and obese children. Our findings emphasized the importance of prevention of obesity and early intervention to prevent abnormalities among obese children.

The childhood obesity epidemic is one of the most serious global health challenges, and many relevant policies have been designed and implemented. Regarding health equity policy-making, it is important to adopt proper interventional strategies, including childhood obesity policies. The purpose of this study is to assess compliance with the WHO Ending Childhood Obesity (ECHO), and the Iran-Ending Childhood Obesity (IRAN-ECHO) program draft in terms of Urban Health Equity Indicators (UHEIs) in Iran.

This is a descriptive study, using a directed quantitative content analysis approach to analyze the ECHO report and IRAN-ECHO program draft, based on Iranian UHEI. The UHEI consist of 52 indicators in 5 domains. The frequency of each code in the ECHO report and IRAN-ECHO draft was calculated and analyzed.

In total, 148 and 84 phrases or words in ECHO and IRAN-ECHO were encoded with UHEI concepts. The results showed that the physical activity indicator was the most frequent among indicators in both ECHO (n = 48, 32.43%) and IRAN-ECHO (n = 41, 48.80%). Indicators 28 (prevalence of underweight in children under 5, n = 14, 9.45%) and 19 (use of primary care services, n = 21, 25%) were the next most frequent in ECHO and IRAN-ECHO, respectively.

In this study, ECHO and IRAN-ECHO had high compliance with some UHEI, especially indicators placed in domain 3 (social and human development). It indicates that social and human development plays an important role in preventing and controlling childhood obesity.

The 2017 prevalence of obesity among children (age 5–17 years) in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) is 13.68%. Childhood obesity is one of the 10 top health priorities in the UAE. This study examines the quality, frequency, sources, scope and framing of childhood obesity in popular social media and three leading UAE newspapers from 2014 to 2017. During the review period, 152 newspaper articles from three leading national newspapers – Gulf News, The National and Al Ittihad – met the eligibility criteria for this study. There were 57 Facebook posts, 50 Twitter posts, 14 posted YouTube videos, and 13 Media releases on related to childhood obesity between 2014 and 2017. Childhood obesity was consistently problematized, primarily in health terms, but was not strongly linked to socio-economic and geographical factors. Childhood obesity was framed as being predominantly influenced by individual and parental behaviours more frequently (n = 76) compared with structural or environmental factors such as the roles of the food and beverage industry (n = 22). Unlike findings from studies with adult obesity, articles advocating individual behavior changes to address childhood obesity were relatively few (n = 29). Social media may be an effective way to help children overcome obesity, in part through online interaction with health care providers and health conscious obese peers. Areas for improvement in social media use to reduce childhood obesity prevalence in UAE include enhancing public engagement with social media posts on childhood obesity, as reflected in the numbers of Likes and Retweets or Shares.

Context: The prevalence of overweight and obesity are increasing worldwide and have frequently been associated with health risks. This review highlighted several studies regarding obesity, outlining contributions of over a span of almost two decades in the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS). Evidence Acquisition: A systematic review was undertaken to retrieve articles related to all aspects of obesity from the earliest available date up to January 30, 2017. Prevalence of excess weight, including overweight and obesity were 20.8 and 63.6% among those aged below and above 20 years, respectively. TLGS found a high incidence of obesity with higher incidence in women among Tehranian adults; the cumulative incidence of obesity was 31.3, 38.1 and 23.4% for the whole population, women, and men, respectively. In children and adolescents, younger non-obese 7 - 9 years old, compared to 10 - 11 year olds are at greater risk of obesity. Prevalences of abdominal obesity in men and women were 52.8% and 44.4% respectively. Similar to generalized obesity, a high incidence of abdominal obesity was observed; the total cumulative incidence of abdominal obesity was 76.0% (83.6% for men and 70.9% for women). Metabolically healthy obese (MHO) and metabolically healthy abdominal obese (MHAO) are two important obesity phenotypes. People with these phenotypes have different risks for cardiovascular disease (CVD), type 2 diabetes (T2DM), and mortality. In the TLGS participants, MHO was found in 2% and 7.7% of the whole and obese population, respectively, whereas MHAO phenotype was reported in 12.4% and 23.5% of the whole and abdominal obese population. In these unstable conditions, during the long term follow up the metabolic risks developed in nearly half of the individuals. During a 12-year follow-up, incident CVD did not increase in the MHO phenotype compared to metabolically healthy normal weight (MHNW) individuals, but the risk of CVD events had increased in all metabolically unhealthy phenotypes. However in another report, over a 10-year follow-up, MHAO phenotype had an increased risk for CVD in comparison to the reference group, metabolically healthy non-abdominal obese (MHNAO) individuals. The TLGS studies bridged the significant gap in knowledge regarding prevalence, incidence, trends, morbidities and mortalities for obesity among Iranian population.

Context: This systematic review was conducted to investigate the role of phones (telephone and mobile phone) in interventions designed to control obesity in children under age six and to determine the features and effects of these interventions.
Evidence Acquisition: A systematic search was conducted of the electronic databases (until November 2016). Randomized controlled trials that assessed the effects of phone-based interventions to control obesity in children under age six were included.
Of the 1920 papers accessed, 38 were relevant based on title and abstract. After review of the full texts, five studies were deemed eligible for inclusion. The results showed that in two studies phone-based interventions succeeded in improving the children's weight and BMI while in three other studies they were not. Among the functionalities of a telephone and mobile phone (e.g. text messaging and smartphone applications), only phone calls were used to communicate with participants. Only one of the included studies had used the phone as its main intervention, in the other studies the phone was used as part of a multicomponent intervention. Most of the included studies used phone calls to encourage and remind the participants about their children’s nutritional status and physical activity.
Although the numerous functions of phones can be used independently or in combination with other interventions for controlling obesity, so far, only the phone call function has been used for children under age six. Moreover, there is still no strong evidence on their positive effects on obesity control in children under age six.

Obesity has negative impact on health and socialization. Previous studies found that children with obesity have lower grades, but it is unclear: a) if specific subject might affect their grade point averages, b) if the results of standardized tests and school grades are the same for children with and without obesity in a community where pediatric obesity is highly prevalent.
The current study aimed to compare school grades and standardized test scores of children with and without obesity in a probabilistic sample of primary school children from Southern Mexico, where overweight/obesity is highly prevalent.
The study measured a probabilistic sample of 2971 children going to public primary schools in Merida, Mexico, transformed the anthropometric data into body mass index (BMI) z-scores according the world health organization (WHO) reference values and categorized children according to their BMI status, and the scores they obtained in national standardized tests (n = 2791). The study analyzed the association between children with/without obesity and their academic performance in terms of school grades and standardized tests using mean comparison T-tests and multinomial logistic regression models using Stata 12.
Differences were observed between obese and non-obese children in overall grade point averages; however, no differences were observed on national standardized academic test scores. In analyzing specific academic subject areas, no differences were observed in grades for math, literature, social sciences, life sciences and art. The only significant difference observed was in the grade for physical education with obese students earning lower grades than their non-obese counterparts.
There were no significant differences between the children with obesity and those without obesity in standardized tests. Students without obesity had significantly higher grade point average than their peers with obesity (8.4 and 8.5, respectively; P