جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « phytochemical screening » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Arbutus serratifolia Salisb. is known as a strawberry tree belonging to the Ericaceae family and represents a Mediterranean evergreen shrub. The species distributed in the forest of El Milia region (Jijel) was chosen as a specimen for chemical investigation and biological evaluation for the first time from this region. The MeOH extract of the aerial parts underwent qualitative phytochemical screening using conventional techniques. While CHCl3, EtOAc, n-BuOH, and even MeOH fractions were subjected to quantitatively determine the total phenolic and flavonoid contents using the Folin-Ciocalteu and Aluminium trichloride methods respectively. The antioxidant potential of these fractions was assessed using the DPPH scavenging activity, ABTS cation radical reduction, CUPRAC reducing capacity and Phenanthroline assays. This study revealed that A. serratifolia Salisb. fractions are endowed with potent antioxidant activity; thus, it is worth noting that this plant could be used as a rich food source for a wide range of phenolic compounds, particularly of new antioxidant agents.

Amis: 

Wound infections are one of the most important problems in human life. Continued use of antimicrobial agents against wound infections leads to the appearance of antibiotic-resistant bacteria strains. Flaxseed has important pharmacological properties against various diseases. This study aimed to determine the antibacterial activity of flaxseed extracts against different bacteria isolated from wound infections.

This experimental study used phytochemical screening for flaxseed extracts. Also, the agar well diffusion method was used to examine the antibacterial activity of aqueous, ethanolic extract, and flaxseed oil (200, 100, 50, and 25mg/ml) against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.

Phytochemical screening for the crude aqueous and ethyl extracts of flaxseeds revealed alkaloids, terpenoids, tannins, flavonoids, glycosides, saponins, steroids, phenolic compounds proteins, and carbohydrates. Aqueous extract showed inhibition zones only for Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus faecalis at 50, 100, and 200mg/ml. All the concentrations of the ethanolic extract showed inhibitory effects against all tested bacteria. The maximum antibacterial effect of ethanol extract on aqueous extract was 200mg/ml. Also, 200mg/ml of flaxseed oil had the most powerful inhibitory effects on all tested bacteria

Flaxseed ethanolic extract and flaxseed oil have an inhibitory effect against different species of both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria isolated from wound infections.

Autochthonous fruits such as Guavijú have beneficial health properties through their bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacity. This study aims to evaluate nutritional composition, phytochemical performance, total content of polyphenols, antioxidant capacity, and bioactive compounds of Guavijú (Eugenia pungens) fruits.

Macronutrients were analyzed using Anthrona method for carbohydrates, Kjeldahl method for proteins, and Soxhlet method for total fat. Phytochemical screening was performed to detect phenols, flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids, steroids and triterpenoids, as well as leukoanthocyanidins and quinones. The total content of polyphenols was obtained using Folin-Ciocalteu method. Antioxidant capacity was determined by ORAC method, and the identification of bioactive compounds was carried out through LC-QqQ MS/MS.

Macronutrients were found in proportions of 33.4%, 5.5%, and 4.5% for carbohydrates, proteins, and fats, respectively. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of phenols and triperthenoids. The total polyphenol content was 46.6 mg/g. Antioxidant capacity was 11394±705 μmol/100 g.

The identified bioactive compounds were cyanidin, delphinidin, enotein B, quercetin, and myricitrin. The results revealed that beneficial health properties due to the content of bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacity, which constitutes a food, can prevent diseases.

Indian jujube or ber, Ziziphus mauritiana, is a member of the Rhamnaceae family with elliptic paired leaves. They have historically been used to manage a variety of conditions including hypertension, diabetes, liver disease, gonorrhea, abscesses, and diarrhea. The aim of this study was to investigate and establish the pharmacognostic and physicochemical characteristics of the leaves of Ziziphus mauritiana (Lam) by GC-MS, and HPLC analysis.

Experimental: 

The dried leaves of Ziziphus mauritiana (Lam.) were extracted with 70% ethanol. Phytochemical screening, HPLC-DAD, and GC-MS analysis were carried out on the ethanolic leaf extract using standard method. The epidermal leaf microscopy was done on the fresh leaf, and other pharmacognostic evaluation such as chemomicroscopy, moisture content, total ash, acid insoluble ash, water-soluble ash, alcohol soluble extractive value, and water-soluble extractive values were also carried out on the powdered leaf sample.

Quantitative phytochemical screening showed the presence of alkaloid and saponin at 1.86±0.23% and 1.5±0.86%, respectively. HPLC analysis revealed the presence of quercetin, rutin, catechin, ferulic acid, and gallic acid while GC-MS revealed the presence of 1,2 Benzenedicarboxylic acid and n-Decanoic acid. The pharmacognostic parameters of total ash were10.3 ±0.3% with acid-insoluble ash of 3.3 ±0.2%, water-soluble ash of 2.8 ±0.2%, moisture content of 5.5 ±0.3%, alcohol soluble extractive value of 8.1 ± 0.3% and water-soluble extractive value of 10.2 ±0.3%. Chemo-microscopic evaluation indicated the presence of lignin, cellulose, tannins, starch, calcium oxalate, oils, and protein. Microscopy, fluorescence, and organoleptic analysis were also documented.

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The findings on the pharmacognostic characteristics, physicochemical parameters, GC-MC analysis, and HPLC analysis of Z. mauritiana leaf can be used as diagnostic features that are useful in identifying and monitoring of the purity of the crude plant drug as well as being useful in telling the difference between closely related species used as raw material.

Arbutus unedo L., is an evergreen plant belonging to the Ericaceae family, an endemic species of the Mediterranean flora. The aim of this study was to characterize the polyphenolic extract of A. unedo fruits with phytochemical analysis followed by evaluation of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Antioxidant activity was determined using the scavenging activity of DPPH free radical and ferric-reducing antioxidant power assay. Then, the anti-inflammatory potential of A. unedo extracts was evaluated using Human Red Blood Cells (HRBC) membrane stabilization, and egg albumin denaturation assays. The highest total phenolic, flavonoid, and tannin content was recorded in the methanolic extract with 61.96 ± 5.33 mg GAE/g, 51.16 ± 0.57 mg QE/g, and 2.40 ± 0.14 mg CE/g, respectively. On the other hand, the best radical scavenging activity (IC50 = 0.459 ± 0.022 mg/ml) and the highest reducing power activity (EC50 = 0.471 ± 0.022 mg/ml) were exhibited by the methanolic extract A. unedo. Whereas regarding the anti-inflammatory activities, A. unedo aqueous extract exerted the highest HRBC stabilization of 70.86 ± 0.61% and Egg albumin denaturation inhibition of 70.06 ± 0.68%. Overall, the results suggest that aqueous and methanolic extracts of A. unedo fruits can be used as future ethnomedicinal antioxidants and anti-inflammatories due to their rich content of bioactive molecules.

Albuca amoena is a Moroccan-Algerian endemic medicinal plant with various implications. The aim of this study is to identify phytochemical compounds of the plant, check its acute toxicity, and test its anti-depressive, anxiolytic, and analgesic effects on the central nervous system (CNS).

The estimation of chemical compounds was carried out according to coloring and precipitation reactions. The Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development guidelines 423 and 402 made it possible to verify the acute toxicity of the plant orally and dermally. The sedative activity was performed according to 4 tests: rotarod, hole-board, traction, and chimney tests. The anti-depressive, anxiolytic, and analgesic effects were evaluated by forced swimming, light/dark, and writhing tests, respectively.

The phytochemical analysis showed that A. amoena contained a mixture of phytochemical compounds like terpenes, alkaloids, and polyphenols. According to the acute toxicity tests, the lethal dose of 50% (LD50) of A. amoena hydroalcoholic extract was between 300 and 2000 mg/kg orally and higher than 2000 mg/kg dermally. Moreover, the result of the behaviour tests of sedative and analgesic activities revealed that A. amoena hydroalcoholic extract exerted positive effects on the CNS.

These results show the anti-depressive, anxiolytic, and analgesic effects of the bioactive substances present in A. amoena on the CNS and provide access to further investigations to highlight the main compounds of this plant and their mechanisms of actions.

Quercus infectoria is a species of Quercus genus (Fagaceae) whose galls are known in traditional medicine for their antibacterial, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and astringent effects. The present study aimed to carry out quantitative and qualitative analyses of the constituents of the hydroalcoholic extract of the Q. infectoria galls from Kermanshah and to evaluate its antioxidant and antibacterial activities.

Following the extraction process using ethanol/water (70/30), phytochemical tests were done. Total phenol and flavonoid and antioxidant and antibacterial activities against specific strains of bacteria were evaluated. Some of the constituents of the extract were identified using high-performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array, and their amount was obtained.

The phytochemical tests proved that the extract contained alkaloid, flavonoid, tannin, saponin, and phenolic compounds. The amount of total phenolic and flavonoid compounds was 16.21 and 1.78 mg/g dried galls, respectively. The IC50 value of the antioxidant constituents of the extract was 47 µg/ mL. The results of the antimicrobial assay showed the high activity of the extract against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Staphylococcus aureus, and S. epidermidis. The quantitative analysis of the extract confirmed the presence of gallic acid, rutin, quercetin, benzoic acid, and caffeic acid (12.30, 10.72, 5.00, 9.25, and 3.94 mg/g dried galls, respectively).

Considering the results of this study, the extract of Q. infectoria galls could be used as a primary substance in treating bacterial infections and oxidative stress-related diseases.

Artemisia indica is a traditionally used medicinal plant in the treatment of various conditions such as loss of appetite, abdominal discomfort, antimalarial infection, dermal wound infection, etc.

This study aims to determine the presence of phytochemical content, antioxidant, antibacterial, and antidandruff activity of leaf extract of A. indica.

Dried ground leaves were subjected to a cold extraction method using an absolute concentration of methanol, ethanol, and water. Total phenolic, flavonoid, and proanthocyanidin content was estimated by using a linear regression equation from the calibration curve and expressed in terms of gallic acid equivalent (GAE) and rutin equivalent (RE). Antioxidant properties were determined using DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl), nitric oxide, and hydrogen peroxide assay, and their IC50 values were calculated. The antibacterial activity was tested using the agar well diffusion method against the common five pathogenic strains, and the zone of inhibition is compared with gentamicin (1 mg/mL) as a positive control. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value was obtained by the microbroth dilution method. The antidandruff assay was performed on Malassezia furfur by the disk diffusion method into Sabouraud dextrose agar overlaid with 1 mL of olive oil, and the MIC value was determined by the microtiter plate method.

The result showed that the Artemisia methanolic extract represents ample content of phenolics (248±3.29 mg/g of GAE), flavonoids (222.33±4.41 mg/g of RE), and proanthocyanidin (222.83±1.62 mg/g of RE equivalent). The antioxidant assay revealed that methanolic extract has the highest radical scavenging activity followed by aqueous extract and then ethanolic extract. The antibacterial activity of leaf extract shows MIC value ranging from 6 to 25 µg/mL against various human pathogenic bacteria. The antidandruff assay showed that MIC value of methanolic extract is lesser than that of ethanolic extract (350<400) mg/mL.

The results concluded that leaf extract of A. indica contains phenolics, flavonoids, and proanthocyanidin and exhibits adequate antibacterial, antidandruff, and antioxidant activity.

People all over the world are suffering from cancer. Liver cancer is considered the second most common malignancy among Egyptian men and the sixth most common malignancy among Egyptian women. Plant-derived antioxidants are believed to prevent or delay the occurrence of many chronic diseases such as cancer. Ailanthus altissima has been used in many traditional prescriptions.

The current study aimed at investigating the phytochemical profile of A. altissima leaves’ extract and its derived fractions, determining their content of phenolics and flavonoids as well as assessing their antioxidant and cytotoxic potential.

The phytochemical screening was carried out using standard methods. The total phenolic, flavonoid, and flavonol contents were determined using Folin-Ciocalteu, aluminum chloride, and aluminum chloride/ sodium acetate assays, respectively. The antioxidant activity was evaluated using different in vitro

DPPH• , total antioxidant capacity, hydroxyl (• OH), nitric oxide (NO• ) radical scavenging activities, and permanganate-reducing antioxidant capacity (PRAC). The antiproliferative potential against HepG2 cells was evaluated using sulforhodamine-B assay (SRB).

The results showed that the ethyl acetate fraction had the highest content of phenolics, flavonoids, and flavonols (551.72 ± 1.81mg GAE/g ext., 371.24 ± 4.36mg RE/g ext., and 100.47 ± 1.30mg QE/g ext., respectively). It also had the most potent reducing power (DPPH• SC50 = 7.19 ± 0.05 µg/mL, TAC= 369.88 ± 1.51mg AAE/g ext., • OH SA = 95.46 ± 0.14%, NO• SA = 40.65 ± 0.91%, and PRAC = 77.19 ± 0.27%). The n-butanol fraction exhibited the most potent cytotoxic potential against HepG2 cells (IC50 = 16.70 µg/mL).

A. altissima leaves could be considered potent antioxidant and cytotoxic alternatives.

Microwave assisted biosynthesis of nanoparticles has been a cost effective, environmentally benign, and alternative to the chemical method. In this context, we report eco-friendly and robust nanoparticles synthesized using the bio-waste (Banana leaves) extract material through a microwave method. The newly synthesized Banana Leaves extract -Silver Nanoparticles (BL-AgNPs) is confirmed by using the UV-Visible, FT-IR spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) techniques. UV-Vis spectrum shows the widening of the band around 476 nm, which confirms the polydispersed nature of BL-AgNPs. FT-IR spectroscopy explores that, hydroxyl and carbonyl groups in the Banana Leaves extract play vital role in the reduction of silver ions and also attach with AgNPs. The phytochemical studies reveal that, the polyphenols and alkaloids present in the BL extract act as reducing and stabilizing agent, which is responsible for the reduction of Ag+ (silver ions) to Ag (BL-AgNPs) and stabilization of BL-AgNPs. This clearly confirms the formation of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). SEM results revealed that, bead shape of BL-AgNPs with particle size of 80 to 100 nm. In conclusion, BL-AgNPs exhibits promising anticancer activity against lung cancer and breast cancer cell line by endorsing inhibition of cell migration and proliferation on low concentration.

 Ficus benghalensis (Moraceae) is an evergreen tree found in south and southeast of Iran as wild and cultivated plants. Different parts of this plant have different effects such as antitumor, antipyretic, analgesic and anti-inflammatory. Aims The aim of this study was investigated the phytochemical screening and antioxidant activities of different fractions of plant roots.

Phytochemical investigation was done by different methods in references. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH and FRAP assay. All chemical materials and solvents were prepared from Sigma-Aldrich, Scharlau and Merk.

All measurements were carried out in triplicate and the data were expressed as mean ± SD. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and tukey test. Results Phytochemical screening showed steroids, flavonoids, tannins, phenolic compounds, and anthraquinone glycoside are F. benghalensis constituents. This plant had antioxidant activity, but it was lower than the Indian kinds.

This study elucidated Ficus benghalensis could be useful plant with antioxidant activity. Further investigation needs for details.

Lannea schimperi and Searsia longipes are plants species under family Anacardiaceae. These plants have been utilized for years in traditional settings for management of an array of disease conditions; however, there is limited information about their safety (toxicity level). The aim of the current study was to evaluate the acute toxicity, cytotoxicity and phytochemical compounds of extracts from the aforementioned plants. Acute toxicity was performed in vivo on Swiss albino mice. Cytotoxicity was done in vitro on brine shrimp larvae and plants were qualitatively screened for five major groups of compounds. Both extracts exhibited good margin of safety on swiss albino mice with LD50 (Lethal dose 50) above 2000 mg/kg body weight. Lannea schimperi and Searsia longipes expressed significant cytotoxicity on brine shrimp larvae with IC50 (Inhibitory concentration 50) of 150.0478 mg/ml and 280.7875 mg/ml respectively. Phytochemical screenings of both extracts have revealed presence of flavonoids, saponnins, tannins and glycosides. The study confirmed the previous reports on the acute toxicity of Lannea schimperi and Searsia longipes, as well as cytotoxicity of Lannea schimperi and for the first time reports the cytotoxicity and phytochemical compounds of Searsia longipes.

Holarrhena floribunda (G.Don) T.Durand & Schinz is a tree that can grow up to 25 m with white latex in its organs. The bark of this plant is commonly used in traditional medicine to treat dysentery, diarrhea, diabetes, malaria, and high blood pressure. In this study, phytochemical groups were widely investigated on trunk bark as well as on leaves of H. floribunda harvested in Danyi (Togo). Antioxidant activity and antihypertensive properties of the plant extracts were also evaluated on sound guinea pigs.
The hydro-ethanolic extract of the trunk bark was prepared and antioxidant activity was evaluated via the DPPH radical-scavenging and the ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) methods, and via the determination of the total phenolics content. This hydro-ethanolic extract was used to assess the plant extract effect on blood pressure of sound guinea pigs.
So, phytochemical screening revealed that H. floribunda contained most of the phytochemical groups. The 50% inhibitive concentration of that extract by DPPH was 29.80 ± 0.001 μg/mL. The equivalent of Fe2 by FRAP was 1009.9 ± 0.6 μmol/g of dry extract. The content of phenolic compounds was 139 ± 0.053 mg GAE (gallic acid equivalents)/g of dry extract. Intravenous injection of the extract (10, 20, 40, 80 mg/kg) via the invasive method in guinea pigs under normal strain caused a decrease in diastolic blood pressure, systolic blood pressure, and so in mean arterial pressure (MAP) by dose cumulative and time-dependent.
The results show that hydro-ethanolic extract of H. floribunda trunk bark has antihypertensive and antioxidant properties. This might be the reason for the use of that extract for the treatment of hypertension in traditional medicine.

In this study, the hydro-distilled volatile oil from the aerial parts of Crupina crupinastrum was investigated by GC-MS and GC-FID. A total of 25 compounds representing 86.4% of the volatile oil were identified. The main constituents were linoleic acid (19.1%), n-decane (12.4%) and ethyl hexadecanote (7.8%). The antioxidant activity of essential oil and methanolic extract was evaluated with DPPH radical scavenging activity. The total phenolic and flavonoids contents were also determined spectrophotometerically. The antimicrobial activity of essential oil of C. crupinastrum was examined against four gram-negative and five gram-positive bacteria. The preliminary phytochemical analysis of the methanolic extract carried out using standard procedures. The data of this study suggests that C. crupinastrum has potential for application as an antioxidant and antimicrobial agent in pharmaceutical and food industries.

This contribution reports an ecological benevolent route for the fabrication of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) using Leucaena leucocephala L. leaves extracts at room temperature. Phytochemical screening of the fresh aqueous leaves extract showed the presence of tannins, saponins, coumarins, flavonoids, cardial glycosides, steroids, phenols, carbohydrates and amino acids. Copper oxide particles such prepared are in Nano scale and their morphology and size are characterized using field emission scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform Infra-red spectroscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller, Barrett-Joyner-Halenda and Photoluminescence analysis. Furthermore, CuO-NPs evinced remarkable antimicrobial, antimalarial and antimycobacterial activity against diverse human pathogens.

The crude extracts from Bupleurum subovatum plant were used to screen the presence of secondary metabolic products, to estimate the total phenol content and free radical scavenging activity for the plant extracts. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH) assay, while total phenol content was determined by using Folin Ciocalteu' s method. The phytochemical analysis confirmed the presence of phenol, proteins, starch, reducing sugars, tannins, volatile oils, cardiac glycosides, steroid, and huge amounts of saponins. Total phenolic content in the methanolic extract was 9.05 mg/g Gallic acid. At the same time, methanolic extract showed a mild potential oxygen free radical scavenging ability as well as the IC50 for the plant was 18.60 ± 0.36 µg/ml, which justified its uses in the folkloric medicine and could be further subjected for the isolation of their therapeutic active compounds. The results of this study revealed the antioxidant activity and confirmed the therapeutic usage of Bupleurum subovatum in the traditional medicine.

The main aims of this study have been finding out the antibacterial activity and preliminary phytochemical screening of some fern species.

The antimicrobial activity of the methanol extracts of Polypodium interjectum Shivas, Polystichum woronowii Fomin, Polystichum aculeatum (L.) Roth., Dryopteris affinis (Lowe) Fraser-Jenk, Athyrium filix-femina (L.) Roth, Asplenium scolopendrium L., Asplenium adiantum-nigrum L. and Pteris cretica L., was screened by measuring the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values against two Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, using standard assays. Besides, the phytochemical evaluation and measurement of the total flavonoid contents were also performed.

The maximum activity was exhibited by the extract of Dryopteris affinis with MIC value of 2 µg/mL. Polystichum aculeatum showed the same antibacterial potential against S. aureus. Some of the extracts had strong antibacterial activity (2-8 µg/mL) and others demonstrated moderate activity. Phytochemical analyses showed the presence of some important secondary metabolites in Iranian fern species. Triterpenoids and polyphenols were present in rhizome and aerial part of all plants. Total flavonoid contents range was 1.66 to 44.22 mg of catechin equivalents per gram of dry extract.

Findings indicated that Iranian ferns have good antibacterial potential and could be a suitable source for antibiotic drug discovery.

Standardization and detailed pharmacognostical studies of Oreganum vulgare Linn. leaf for authentication and commercial utilization. Oreganum vulgare Linn. leaf was with standardization according to standard procedures described in WHO, 2011 and I.P. 1996. The physicochemical parameters total ash, acid insoluble ash, water soluble ash and sulphated ash were found to be 11.5%, 11%, 5, 10.5% w/w respectively. Foaming index was found be <100. The trace elements were found to be copper, lead, cadmium, zinc, cobalt, manganese, nickel and copper in ethanol extract and phytochemical screening of aqueous and ethanol extract showed the presence of carbohydrates, flavonoids, anthocyanins, phenolic compounds etc. The standardization parameters viz. physico-chemical parameters, macroscopy, microscopy, taxonomy, anatomy and preliminary phytochemical screening, microbial and aflatoxin count, HPTLC profile is being reported to help in authentication and development of monograph of this plant.