جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "prediabetes" در نشریات گروه "پزشکی"

 This investigation aims to examine the relationship between diabetes and prediabetes with chronic kidney disease (CKD) while taking into account key risk factors such as gender, age, lifestyle, smoking habits, and blood pressure.

 Between November 17, 2016, and November 22, 2018, 4063 subjects aged 35 to 70 years were enrolled in the first phase of the Bandare-Kong Non-Communicable Disease (BKNCD) Cohort Study, which is part of the PERSIAN (Prospective Epidemiological Research Studies in IrAN) cohort and was conducted in a coastal region of the Hormozgan province in southern Iran. CKD was calculated using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) formula based on glomerular filtration rate (GFR)<60 mL/min per 1.73 m2 , or albumin/Cr>30 mg/g in random urine, self-reported kidney failure, or dialysis. Urine albumin and creatinine were determined by standard kits (Pars Azmoon, Tehran, Iran) and the BT1500 automatic chemistry analyzer (Biotecnica Instruments, Rome, Italy).

 The prevalence of CKD was found to be 15.3%, with 29.6% identified in diabetic individuals and 16.5% in prediabetic patients. So, the prevalence of CKD in diabetics was higher than prediabetics and normal people. Increased age, dysglycemia (diabetes or prediabetes), hypertension, and use of angiotensin receptor blockers were markedly associated with an elevated risk of CKD in adults.

 The study emphasizes the importance of early detection and management of CKD risk factors, particularly among high-risk individuals, to mitigate CKD progression and associated complications. By addressing modifiable risk factors, proactive screening, and enhanced awareness, significant strides can be made in reducing CKD burden and improving patient outcomes.

Frequent occurrence of diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM) in patients with respiratory disease suggests a role of underlying chronic hypoxia (CH) in its pathogenesis. The present study aimed to delineate the link between CH, sympathovagal balance, and glucose homeostasis (GH) as well as to explore the role of L/N type calcium channel blocker, cilnidipine in alleviating CH-induced pathophysiology in experimental animals.

Wister rats were divided into four groups: group I: control, (normoxia, 21%O2); group II: chronic hypoxia (CH) (10%O2, 90%N2); group III: normoxia+cilnidipine (cil, 2mg/kg/day); group IV: CH+Cil (10%O2, 90%N2 + cil, 2mg/kg/day). Sympathovagal balance was assessed by heart rate variability (HRV) analysis. Glucose homeostasis was evaluated by fasting plasma glucose (FPG), fasting plasma insulin, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), HOMA-IR, and HOMA-β. The fasting lipid profile was also assessed.  

CH increased LF (nu), LF/HF, and decreased HF (nu). Additionally, CH increased FPG and HOMA-IR which were positively correlated with LF/HF and induced an atherogenic lipid profile. OGTT revealed normal 2h post-challenge glucose levels. In the cilnidipine-treated CH exposed group, LF (nu), HF (nu), and LF/HF were lower compared CH and glucose homeostasis parameters were comparable to control. 

CH, by enhancing sympathetic activity, disturbs glucose homeostasis, leading to isolated impaired fasting glycemia (i-IFG), a prediabetic state. Cilnidipine improved glucose homeostasis in CH-exposed experimental animals by ameliorating sympathetic hyperactivity with complementary effects on lipid profile, suggesting its utility as an adjunctive therapy against CH-induced T2DM.

Prediabetes is associated with coronary artery disease (CAD). The current study aimed to investigate the association between impaired fasting glucose (IFG), CAD, and coronary artery stenosis severity.

This case-control study was performed on 35-70 year-old non-diabetic individuals. Patients who had coronary artery stenosis ≥ 50% at least in one coronary artery and those with stenosis < 50% on angiography were considered as case and control groups, respectively. Patients were selected from Shahid Mohammadi Educational Medical Center in Bandar Abbas in 2018-2019. Age, gender, body mass index (BMI), smoking status, history of hypertension and hyperlipidemia, family history of CAD, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), creatinine, and lipid profiles were compared between the two groups.

There were 52 subjects in each case and control group. The mean age of participants (N = 104) was 54.83 ± 9.36, and 71.2% of them were male. The mean of FPG (P < 0.0001), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (P = 0.02), triglyceride (P = 0.007), and the HbA1c (P = 0.011) were significantly higher in the case group than in the control group. Moreover, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels were significantly lower in the CAD group compared to the control group (P = 0.006). Furthermore, binary logistic regression demonstrated that the chance of IFG was (OR: 12.49), HbA1c (OR: 12.28), and LDL (OR: 1.05) in people with CAD.

IFG and elevated HbA1c levels are significantly associated with an increased risk of CAD in the Iranian adult population.

Increasing incidence rates of diabetes related to air pollution have been reported in high‑income countries. However, few studies evaluated air pollution effect on plasma glucose indices, in addition to diabetes and prediabetes incidence in developing countries. This study investigated the association between exposure to common air pollutants and the changes plasma glucose indices over time. The incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and prediabetes in future were also examined in association with exposure to air pollution.

A total of 3828 first‑degree relatives of patients with T2D who were prediabetes or had normal glucose tolerance (NGT) were enrolled in this study. Cox regression was used to assess the relationships between particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), nitrogen monoxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide, nitric oxides, sulfur dioxide (SO2), and ozone exposure and the incidence of T2D and prediabetes. We also applied a linear mixed model to assess the association between exposure to these air pollutants and changes in plasma glucose indices over time.

Air pollutants showed a significant positive association with changes in fasting plasma glucose (FPG), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and 2 h oral glucose tolerance (OGTT) in participants with NGT and prediabetes. The maximum increase in plasma glucose indices was associated with NO concentration. Our study also showed exposure to all air pollutants except SO2 was significantly associated with an increased risk of developing T2D and prediabetes (Hazard ratio > 1, P < 0.001).

According to our results, exposure to air pollution increases the risk of T2D and prediabetes incidence in our population. The exposure to air pollutants was also associated with increasing trend in FPG, HbA1c, and OGTT levels in both groups of NGT and prediabetic participants.

Pre-diabetes is a risk state for the future development of type 2 diabetes. The risk factors for prediabetes have been categorized as modifiable and non-modifiable. However, conclusive evidence regarding the risk factors associated with pre-diabetes in adolescence is still lacking. This study aims to answer the question of: which risk factors are most associated with the incidence of prediabetes in adolescents?

This review was conducted in accordance with the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus and Web of Science electronic databases using the keywords of “modifiable risk factors”, “non-modifiable risk factors”, “pre-diabetes” and “adolescent” in the time frame of 2010 to 2021. Eligibility criteria were determined based on the (population, intervention, comparison and outcomes) PICOS guidelines. Reference list from identified studies was used to augment the search strategy. Two authors assessed the quality and risk of bias of the studies using National Institute of Health (NIH) Quality assessment tool. Qualitative analysis method was used to review the articles. Based on this, components such as purpose, methodology, risk factors, measurement method and main findings were extracted. 

As a result of the initial search, 3982 studies were obtained. All duplicates, case reports, reviews and non-English studies were excluded. A total of ten articles that met the pre-defined eligibility criteria were included in this review. The quality of included studies was mostly in the good category. Overall, the association between risk factors and adolescents’ prediabetes appeared to be strongest among modifiable factors such as physical activity, poor diet, smoking, and cardiometabolic factors. The most significant modifiable factor was body mass index (BMI) and the most significant non-modifiable factor was gender.

Considering the prominent role of modifiable risk factors in the occurrence of prediabetes in adolescents, it seems necessary to include lifestyle modification programs for this age group. It is also important to pay attention to gender as a non-modifiable factor in the development of prediabetes in adolescents.

Using the WHO STEPwise approach to NCD risk factor surveillance (STEPS), first round of Iran’s STEPS completed in 2005. It has been repeated six times afterward. Here we report the results of 2016 round on the population characteristics and prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes, along with an assessment of the country-level performance on diabetes care in Iran.

Using a proportional-to-size cluster random sampling method, the STEPS 2016 included 18947 subjects aged≥25 years who matched the criteria (non-missing information on diabetes self-report, and biomarkers). For the analyses, survey design methods with weighted samples were employed. Different definitions of diabetes (biomarker-based, self-report, anti-diabetes medication use, or a combination) and prediabetes (different cutpoints of the biomarker) were calculated and presented.

An estimated 5171035 persons aged≥25 years or 10.6% (95% CI: 10.0%–11.1%) had diabetes according to the serologic diagnosis of diabetes (FPG≥126 mg/dL) or the use of at least one anti-diabetes medication (1896 out of 18947). Employing the serologic diagnosis of diabetes among those who responded no to the self-reported question, 2.7% (2.5%–3.0%) of the population were not aware of their diabetes compared to 11.5% (10.9%-12.0%) who were diabetics according to the just self-reported question. Defining prediabetes as 100≤FPG<126 mg/dL or 5.7≤HbA1c<6.5%, an estimated 15244299 persons had prediabetes (5885 out of 18947). Overall, 52.1% (49.4%–54.7%) of patients with self-reported diabetes were under strict glycemic control (HbA1c<7%). Poor diabetes control (HbA1c>9%) was found in 18.4% (16.3%-20.6%) of the patients with self-reported diabetes.

Since 2005, the prevalence of diabetes in Iran has been on a gradual increase in both genders with an increasing gap between females and males.

Diabetes mellitus is a global health challenge. Metabolic disorders in first-degree relatives (FDRs) of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have been linked to a family history of diabetes.

This study aimed to investigate the frequency of metabolic syndrome (MetS), diabetes, and prediabetes in FDRs of patients with T2DM.

This descriptive study included FDRs of patients with T2DM referred to the diabetes clinic of Shahid Mohammadi Hospital, Bandar Abbas, Iran in 2017. Waist circumference (WC) and blood pressure were measured for each participant. Fasting plasma glucose was measured in venous blood samples after 8-hour fasting. Two-hour plasma glucose was measured after a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test. Triglyceride and high-density lipoprotein were measured in venous blood samples after 12-hour fasting. The Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III) and the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria were used to diagnose MetS. Iranian-specific WC cutoffs from different studies were also used as alternatives for WC cutoffs in IDF criteria to form Iranian-specific MetS criteria.

This study included 300 FDRs (male: 33.7% vs. female: 66.3%) of patients with T2DM, with a mean age of 33.56±10.64 years. Among the participants, 19.7% had prediabetes and 8% had diabetes. MetS was diagnosed in 8.3% and 15% of the FDRs based on the ATP III and IDF criteria, respectively. The frequency of MetS ranged from 6.7% to 11.7% based on six different Iranian-specific WC cutoffs.

The frequency of MetS, diabetes, and prediabetes was quite high in the FDRs of patients with T2DM. Screening for these metabolic disorders can help prevent future cardiovascular events in this specific group.

Diabetes is one of the most common non-communicable diseases that can be prevented and controlled by following a healthy lifestyle. This study aimed to apply the theory of planned behavior in determining the predictors of nutritional behavior in women with prediabetes referred to the comprehensive health service centers of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. This descriptive-analytical study was conducted in 2020. A total of 196 pre-diabetic women referred to Mashhad Comprehensive Health Service Center (Iran) were selected by multi-stage random sampling. To collect the data, a researcher-made questionnaire including demographic information based on the theoretical structures of planned behavior [attitude, mental norms, behavioral control, and intention to follow a healthy diet] was used. Data were analyzed in SPSS-25 software at a significance level of 0.05.  The mean of total scores obtained in Attitude constructs 4.1 ± 0.50, mental norms 3.67 ± 1.06, behavioral control 4.13 ± 0.55 and behavioral intention 4.00 ± 0.39 and healthy eating behavior 3.00 ± 0.65 was reported. The construct of the mental norm (β = 0.254) was a strong predictor in the structure of intention and intention (β = 0.419) and perceived behavioral control (β = 0.240) was a strong predictor of nutritional behavior (p <0.001). Planned behavior theory was able to predict 40.5% of eating behavior in women with prediabetes.  It seems that by applying the planned theory in the design of educational programs, it is possible to improve the observance of a healthy diet in women with prediabetes.

This study sought to determine the prevalence of prediabetes and to evaluate the significance of six biomarkers, including neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), C-peptide, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-13, and IL-35, in predicting prediabetes.

A cross-sectional, case-control study was performed to determine the prevalence of prediabetes among 735 healthy Iraqis. Besides, 125 prediabetes patients, 30 newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus (DM) cases, and 30 normoglycemic controls were assessed for the six biomarkers.

Among the 735 Iraqis, the prevalence of prediabetes was 17%. Most prediabetes patients were over the age of 40 and were overweight/obese. Median levels of the six biomarkers were significantly elevated in the serum of prediabetes and DM patients compared to the normoglycemic group. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that C-peptide scored the highest area under the curve (AUC) in prediabetes (0.913), while in DM, hsCRP scored the highest AUC (0.961). Logistic regression analysis showed that only hsCRP, C-peptide, IL-1β and IL-13 were associated with prediabetes risk, whereas in DM, the six biomarkers were associated with disease risk.

Prevalence of prediabetes among healthy Iraqis was 17%. Prediabetes was associated with ages over 40 and overweight/obesity. Pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines were up-regulated in serum of prediabetes patients.

Prediabetic individuals are more at risk for developing diabetes mellitus (DM). Physical activity (PA) is a significant factor contributing to health maintenance and promotion. This study aimed to assess the factors affecting PA among prediabetic women based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB).

This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2019 on 100 prediabetic women selected from comprehensive healthcare centers in Arak, Iran. A demographic questionnaire, a TPB-based questionnaire, and Godin-Shephard Leisure-Time Physical Activity Questionnaire were used for data collection. Data were analyzed through the Spearman’s correlation analysis and the linear regression analysis with the backward method.

The mean score of PA was 0.56 ± 0.8 (in the possible range of 0–2). Around 61% of participants had limited PA, 16% of them had moderate PA, 19% of them had adequate PA and 4% no response. Perceived behavioral control explained 5.5% of the variance of the PA behavior.

Given the significant effects of perceived behavioral control on PA, TPB-based educations may be helpful in promoting PA among prediabetic women.

Prediabetes is an important stage before diabetes that can be treated with intensive lifestyle changes. The aim of this study was to assess knowledge, attitudes, and practice of primary care physician in Sudan about prediabetes.

A cross‑sectional questionnaire‑based study was conducted among primary care physicians working at two family and primary health care centers in Khartoum. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and expressed as percentages.

Out of 200 primary care physicians, 189 completed the questionnaire. 60.8% of the participants had satisfactory knowledge about prediabetes and positive attitude towards prediabetes and their practice was relatively good. Knowledge score was significantly correlated with age (P = 0.000), duration of experience (P value = 0.000), the number of working hours per day (P value = 0.001), and the number patients seen per day (P value = 0.001). Logistic regression analysis showed that attending courses relevant to prediabetes revealed statistically significant result in knowledge, and attending such courses were likely to be associated with gaining sufficient knowledge than those who didn’t by 2 times (P value 0.033, OR 2, CI. 1.063‑4.079).

Primary care physicians in Sudan have satisfactory knowledge, attitude, and practice about prediabetes. As they are in the front line in dealing with community, primary care physicians’ efforts can help in slowing down the epidemic of diabetes in Sudan.

Intermediate hyperglycemia (Prediabetes) is a type of metabolic disorder with slight increase in the blood glucose levels from the normal but not reaching up to the level of diabetes. It is associated with many micro-vascular as well as macro-vascular complications. Abundance of Unani medicines are known for anti-hyperlipidemic activity, among them is Maghz-e-Jamun (Eugenia jambolana). The present study was to evaluate the anti-hyperlipidemic effect of Maghz-e-Jamun (Eugenia jambolana) in intermediate hyperglycemia. Patients diagnosed with prediabetes as per ADA criteria were randomly divided in two groups- group A was supplemented with 4.5g powder /day jamun seed powder in the form of capsules and group B was given placebo capsules. Lipid profile assessment was done at baseline and end of the treatment i.e., 84th day. There is considerable improvement in the lipid profile of the prediabetic subjects enrolled in the study especially significant improvement in total cholesterol level (from 266.47 ± 62.92 to 216.058 ± 40.14 with p value of 0.008**) and LDL (from 189.23 ± 55.07 to 138.58 ± 34.86 with p value of 0.003**). -Maghz-e-Jamun (Eugenia jambolana) show substantial effect on dyslipidemia in the patients of intermediate hyperglycemia.