جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « prostaglandins » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Antipyretic drugs such as suspensions of Mefenamic acid (Ponstan), Ibuprofen and paracetamol (acetaminophen) are the most common drugs that wildly used in children to decrease the fever, pain and inflammation, and from clinical observations of children using these drugs, found they cause gastrointestinal complications and from this, the idea of this research was to find the effect of these drugs on the mucous membrane of the gastrointestinal tract in Swiss albino mice.In the present study, we used 30 mice classified into five groups which are G1 as control group, G2 receive 15 mg kg -1day-1 panadol, G3 receive 30 mg kg-1day-1ibuprofen, G4 receive 5 mg kg-1 day-1 Ponestan and G5 receive a combination of panadol and ibuprofen in same the previously doses respectively for 7 days. The gastric histological sections of G2 were normal mucosal,  G4 shown mild mucosal glandular hyperplasia,  while G3 and G5 groups appear flat mucosal surface with submucosal hyperplasia of gland mild atypical cells, and G2 showing mucosal glandular hyperplasia. The intestine histological sections of G2 appears normal intestinal villi with mild inflammatory cells infiltration, G3 shown dispersed slight shortening of intestinal villi with mild inflammatory cells infiltration, finally G4 and G5 shown villi hyperplasia with a slight widening of villi with mild inflammatory cells infiltration. NSAIDs are available over-the-counter drugs for adult and in pediatric population And it is considered a safe medicine if used in properly dose in the short-term, the decision to pick an antipyretic should be dictated by safety, efficacy, effectiveness, duration of action and the integrity of the patient gut.

Current medications to treat allergic rhinitis (AR) include antihistamines, corticosteroids, and anti-leukotrienes. In the present study, we investigated the effects of combination therapy; using these drugs, and evaluates the AR-related markers and parameters in an animal model. After inducing BALB/c mice AR models, the animals were treated with either pranlukast, loratadine, fluticasone, loratadine + fluticasone, loratadine + pranlukast, fluticasone + pranlukast, or loratadine + fluticasone + pranlukast. Clinical symptoms, Immunoglobulin (Ig)G1, ovalbumin (OVA)-specific and total IgE, leukotriene (LT)B4, LTC4, histamine, thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) serum levels, and interleukin 4 level in the nasal lavage fluid were determined. The expressions of HRH1, CysLT1R, NLR3, Caspase-1, and MUC5a were studied. Allergic symptoms (nasal rubbing and sneezing), serum Igs (IgG1, total and OVA-specific IgE), eicosanoids (LTB4 and LTC4), histamine, TSLP, and IL-4 as well as gene expressions of MUC5a, Caspase-1, NLR3, HRH1, and CysLT1R were reduced in the animals receiving each of the therapeutic regimens; however, more pronounced effects were seen in the group treated with the triple combined protocol (loratadine + fluticasone + pranlukast). The combination of the loratadine, fluticasone, and pranlukast can effectively control the symptoms of AR probably via modulating several related mechanisms at early and late phases of allergic responses.

Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) has long been considered a medicinal plant in Traditional Persian Medicine (TPM) due to its therapeutic properties. Despite this interest, its effects on gastrointestinal disorders have not been completely taken into consideration. Hence, this study aimed to evaluate the pharmacological activity of ethanolic extracts of saffron stigma (SS) and saffron petal (SP) in acetic acid-induced gastric ulcer in rats. The gastric ulcer model was imitated by the serosal application of acetic acid in male Wistar rats. Then, the animals were orally fed with 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg of ethanolic extracts of SS or SP, omeprazole (40 mg/kg), or saline for 12 days. The macroscopic and microscopic appearances of gastric ulcers and the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in gastric tissues were assessed. The highest anti-ulcer activity was observed in the omeprazole-treated animals with the lowest ulcer size (4.29 ± 1.78 mm2). SS could not reduce gastric ulcer size in rats. Compared to the untreated rats, SP treatment significantly decreased ulcer indices in a dose-dependent manner. The gastric levels of PGE2, VEGF, and MDA were significantly elevated in the untreated animals with gastric ulcers compared to rats in the control group. The SS extract suppressed the elevated PGE2 and VEGF levels at both doses, while SP did not have a significant influence. Both SS and SP treatments significantly ameliorated MDA levels in rats with gastric ulcers. Omeprazole treatment enhanced the PGE2 level and suppressed MDA contents, but it did not influence the VEGF level. In conclusion, our findings demonstrated that the saffron stigma has no significant effects on the gastric ulcer healing process, while its petals accelerate the process. This discrepancy can be attributed to the difference in the main secondary metabolites between saffron stigma and petals.

Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) main product is Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) which cause mitogenesis and inflammation. COX-2 is the product of prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2) gene expression. COX-2 dysregulation can cause angiogenesis, differentiation, and promotion of cancer and its suppression related to control of the tumorchr('39')s size, number, and cell shape. This study focused on the association of COX-2 expression with colorectal carcinoma (CRC) among Iranian patients on mRNA level and in the Cancer Genome Atlas Program (TCGA) colon and rectum RNAseq dataset, and its relation with pathological features.

PTGS2 expression was assayed by quantitative-PCR method from 90 tissue samples collected from 45 participants. The control samples come from the non-tumor area of the same patients. The data analyzed based on ΔΔCq. The PTGS2-RNAseq data extracted and analyzed by UCSC Xena browser, and its association assessed the occurrence of CRC and invasive-features.

PTGS2 showed very significant over-expression in tumor tissues (p< 0.0001) with an N-fold expression of 2.25. But, there was not any significant association between PTGS2 and CRC invasive-pathological features such as Lymphatic, vascular and perineural invasion, the Grades of cancer, and Pathologic-M in both parts of this study.

The increase in PTGS2 is related to the occurrence of CRC among patient samples. But in both part of this study, PTGS2 is not an invasive factor, and it does not affect the cell differentiation of tumors and metastasis. Based on the high N-fold for patient samples, it can be a strong candidate as a CRC initiator biomarker.

Thiazolidinediones are commonly used anti-diabetic drugs. Owing to the anti-inflammatory action of TZDs as a result of there action on the PPAR gamma receptor and a proposed action on the prostaglandins, these drugs can be tried in the acute exacerbations of COPD that are also commonly found among diabetic patients. An experimental study of one week was carried out at animal house of Army Medical College, Rawalpindi on a total of 50 guinea pigs (both male and female) of Dunkin Hartley variety, weighing 500 to 600 grams. An isometric volume transducer was used to measure the histamine induced contractions of the smooth muscles. In the similar way contractions with pioglitazone in the presense of histamine, contractions with indomethacin which is a prostaglandin antagonist, in the presence of histamine and mixed effect of pioglitazone along with indomethacin in the presence of histamine was evaluated. Pioglitazone produced significant reduction in histamine-induced contractions of the normal tracheal muscle strips thus identifying its relaxant effect on the tracheal smooth muscles. The contractions of the tracheal muscles were increased when indomethacin was used. The pioglitazone induced relaxation was also reduced in the group pre-treated with indomethacin, thus suggesting an identifiable role of prostaglandins in the relaxant effect of TZDs on the smooth muscles

A library of eighteen amide containing Schiffs bases has been synthesized and screened for their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antinociceptive activities. The compound 2 (COX-1 IC50 = 63.23 µM; COX-2 IC50 = 1.80 µM; SI = 35.12) exhibited potent selective COX-2 inhibition as compared to indomethacin (COX-1 IC50 = 3.60 µM; COX-2 IC50 = 7.50 µM; SI = 0.48). The compounds 2 and 7 reduced the COX-2 level to 7.5 ±0.35 nmole/min/ml and 6.8 ± 0.32nmole/min/ml respectively. The compounds 6 exhibited reduced the TNF-α level to 3.36 ± 0.18pg/ml. The compounds 2, 6, 7, 13 and 17 did not induce any gastric ulceration in comparison to the standard drug indomethacin.

Termination of pregnancy in the second trimester using prostaglandins has been shown to be safe and effective. Misoprostol has multiple routes of administration; oral, vaginal, buccal, rectal and sublingual.

The study aims to compare the efficacy and safety of intrauterine extra-amniotic and vaginal misoprostol in a dose of 200 microgram every 4 hours for the termination of pregnancy in cases of second trimester miscarriage.

A prospective randomized open labeled clinical trial included 180 women with missed miscarriage in gestational age between 13 and 24 wks. Patients were randomized to receive subsequent doses of 200 µg misoprostol every 4 hrs either intra uterine extra-amniotic by Foley catheter or vaginally administered. Randomization was completed using a computer-generated random table. The primary outcome of this study was the mean duration from the initial misoprostol dose until complete fetal expulsion (induction-expulsion interval).

The mean gestational age was 17.74 wks. The mean time to complete miscarriage in the intra uterine extra-amniotic group was 5.27 hrs, which was significantly lower than the vaginal group (9.92 hrs, p=0.001). Side effects were more common in vaginal group.

Intra uterine extra-amniotic misoprostol with a dose of 200 µg every 4 hrs appears to be more effective and safer than vaginal misoprostol in induction of second trimester miscarriage.

Cyclooxygenase 2 has become an important pharmacological target in anticancer therapy due to the over expression of COX 2 in pathological conditions. Wilms’ tumor is a common kidney cancer in children which has shown an increase in COX 2 enzyme level. Here we reviewed various articles that considered the cyclooxygenase 2 changes specifically in Wilms’ tumor regarding the mechanisms of action and inhibitors of COX 2.

Inhibition of prostaglandin (PGs) production leads to decrease in orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). It is not known whether inhibition of cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) or cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is the key mechanism for this effect. In this study، the effect of celecoxib، a highly-selective COX-2 inhibitor، was investigated on OTM in rats. Four groups of male rats (seven animals in each goup) were used in the study. A 5mm-long nickel-titanium closed-coil spring was ligated between the right maxillary incisor and the first molar of each rat to deliver an initial force of 60g. All four groups recieved orthodontic appliances، group 1 received no injections، group 2 received celecoxib injections (0. 3 mg in 0. 1 ml saline solution)، group 3 recieved normal saline injections (0. 1 ml saline solution)، and group 4 recieved needle penetration without injecting any solution. The local injections were carried out every 3 days for 18 days. All injections were subperiosteal and given in the upper right first molar mucosa. The animals were sacrificed 21 days after appliance insertion and OTM was measured. In the animals treated with celecoxib a statistically significant decrease in OTM was observed compared with the other groups. Histological findings revealed that osteoclast count was significantly lower in group 2 compared with the other groups (P<0. 05). The amount of root resorption showed a slight، but nonsignificant decrease in group 3. This study suggests that celecoxib decreases OTM and osteoclast count. This might be the result of COX-2 enzyme inhibition and subsequent decrease in prostaglandin production.