جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « prostate specific antigen » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

 The reason for elevated serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels in patients undergoing urethral catheterization due to acute urinary retention (AUR) remains a significant and controversial issue.

 To assess the serum PSA level in men with AUR and its changes after catheterization.

 This prospective quasi-experimental study was conducted on 43 patients who underwent transurethral catheterization following AUR caused by benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Total PSA levels and free/total PSA ratios were measured before catheterization and one and three days after catheter insertion. Additionally, prostate volume and urine output after catheterization (UOAC) were recorded.

 The mean age, prostate volume, and UOAC of the patients were 69.05 ± 9.45 years, 60.51 ± 26.35 g, and 844.04 ± 341.66 mL, respectively. The mean and median baseline total PSA levels were 12.59 ± 17.71 ng/mL and 6.30 ng/mL, respectively. These values changed to 13.73 ± 19.83 ng/mL (median = 4.80 ng/mL) and 11.57 ± 17.70 ng/mL (median = 4.40 ng/mL) after 1 and 3 days of catheterization, respectively. The changes in total PSA and free/total PSA levels during the study period were not statistically significant (P > 0.05).
Moreover, the PSA levels showed no statistically significant difference before, 1 day, and 3 days after catheterization in groups with total PSA ≤ 4 and total PSA > 4 (P = 0.37; 0.22, respectively).

 Our results suggest an initial elevation in PSA levels in patients with AUR before urethral catheterization. Both PSA and free/total PSA ratios showed no statistically significant differences before and after urethral catheter insertion, and initial PSA did not affect its changes after catheterization.

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common cancer affecting men, apart from cutaneous cancers. Serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels are frequently used to predict prostate cancer diagnosis. However, many causes (e.g., prostatitis, benign prostate obstruction, urethral catheterization) may cause elevated PSA, in addition to PCa. We aimed to investigate the gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) levels, a serum biomarker not affected by situations other than cancer causing elevated PSA.

The study evaluated male patients with prostate biopsy due to high serum PSA levels and/or abnormal digital rectal examination (DRE) examined in Ordu University Education and Research Hospital, Ordu/ Turkey urology clinic from April 2019 to April 2021. The patient group in the study included 261 men with PCa diagnosis and the control group included 245 healthy men with normal PSA levels, and no PCa and/or benign prostate obstruction (BPO). The two groups were compared in terms of serum GGT levels.

GGT was significantly low in the PCa group and might be a predictor in terms of PCa (P=0.000). In the malignant (PCa) group, the GGT cut-off value was identified as 21.5 (sensitivity 68.6%, specificity 54.4%).

Serum GGT levels might assist in diagnosis of PCa. However, diagnostic power is weak due to low specificity. There is a need for studies investigating the efficacy of GGT levels for prediction of PCa diagnosis and assessing other parameters alongside GGT.

There are very few reports on the correlation between the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of magnetic resonance parameters and other laboratory indicators of prostate cancer in China, and there is no unified clinical conclusion at present from the other parts of the world. Therefore, this study analyzed the correlation between ADC and laboratory indicators, such as serum total prostate specific antigen (TPSA), complex prostate specific antigen (CPSA), free prostate specific antigen (FPSA), Gleason score, and left and right diameters of the prostate so as to provide a basis for the diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer.

A total of 104 patients of all age groups with prostate cancer diagnosed in the General Hospital of Wanbei Coal and Electricity Group, Wanbei, China, from January 2017 to December 2022 were retrospectively analyzed as the experimental group. At the same time, 63 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia who received health examinations were selected as the control group. TPSA, CPSA, FPSA, CPSA/TPSA, FPSA/TPSA, Gleason score, left and right diameters of the prostate, and magnetic resonance parameter ADC were detected in all patients. At the same time, we analyzed the correlation between ADC and other parameters in prostate cancer patients.

The serum levels of TPSA, CPSA, and FPSA in prostate cancer patients were significantly higher (P<0.001) than in those in the control group. The differences between CPSA/TPSA and FPSA/TPSA in the two groups were not statistically significant. Meanwhile, ADC and left and right diameters of the prostate were significantly lower in prostate cancer patients than in subjects in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.001). In addition, serum TPSA, CPSA, and FPSA in high-risk prostate cancer patients were found to be significantly higher than in cases in the medium-risk and low-risk groups. The results of our study also revealed that ADC was moderately negatively correlated with FPSA (r=-0.415, P<0.001) and weakly negatively correlated with TPSA (r=-0.222, P=0.024).

There is a correlation between ADC, TPSA, and FPSA in patients with prostate cancer, and there were significant differences in TPSA, CPSA, and FPSA between patients with prostate cancer and patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia. The three parameters can be combined for the diagnosis of prostate cancer.

This study was designed to investigate the protective effects of Calocybe indica extract on testosterone-induced benign prostatic hyperplasia in rats. 

In this study, 60 adult Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into six equal groups, one group served as the normal control, five of the groups were administered subcutaneous testosterone propionate for 28 days to induce benign prostatic hyperplasia, three of the five groups were simultaneously administered three graded doses of C. indica extract while one group was administered finasteride as the standard drug and the other left as untreated BPH model group given testosterone propionate only. BPH in the prostate gland was detected through gross appearance, prostate weight, and biochemical and histopathological analyses.

Increased prostate weight, serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA), and epithelial thickness were observed in the untreated testosterone-induced BPH model. Administration of finasteride and C. indica extract led to a reduction in prostate weight, prostatic index, serum PSA, serum levels of testosterone, and prostatic epithelial thickness, and increased luminal diameter. 

Administration of C. indica extract suppressed the pathophysiological effects of benign prostatic hyperplasia in rats. Thus, C. indica mushroom is a potential pharmacological candidate for the management of BPH in man or dogs.

To examine the correlation between prostate specific antigen (PSA) and the risk of Gleason sum upgrad - ing (GSU) from biopsy Gleason sum (bGS) to prostatectomy Gleason sum (pGS).

Five electronic databases (Web of Science, Ovid Medline, Ovid Embase, SCOPUS and the Cochrane Library) were searched from inception until March 2020. Studies were included if they focused on the relationship between PSA and GSU analyzed in multivariable analysis. Preferred Reporting Items for System - atic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were utilized. Quality of included studies was appraised utilizing the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale (NOS) for case-control studies. The publication bias was evaluated by funnel plot and Egger’s test.

Our search yielded 19 studies with high quality including 42193 patients. GSU was found in 28.2% of patients. Higher PSA level was associated with a significant increased risk of GSU (pooled OR = 1.14, 95% CI: 1.10–1.18; P < .05; I 2 = 92%). For the definition of upgrading from bGS ≤ 6 to pGS ≥ 7, the odds of upgrading with higher PSA level as opposed to lower PSA level was 1.12 (95% CI: 1.11–1.14; P < .05; I 2 = 13%), while the odds of upgrading with other definitions were 1.11 (95% CI: 1.05–1.18; P < .05; I 2 = 89%).

Patients with high level of serum PSA are at high risk of undergoing pathologic upgrading at prosta - tectomy. Combined with other risk factors, PSA prompts risk reclassification and improve confidence of urologists in management decisions for optimal therapy. Nevertheless, further robust studies are necessitated to confirm these results.

The potential role of microRNAs (miRNA or MIR) as therapeutic molecules has moved them from basic research to the field of cancer therapy. High expression of miR-93 and low expression of miR-34a have previously been indicated in prostate cancer (PC), which is the second leading cause of cancer-related death in men. Androgen receptor (AR) and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) play key roles in the initiation and progression of this cancer. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of the transfection and co-transfection of miR-34a mimic and miR-93 inhibitor with or without epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) on prostate cancer cell line and also to evaluate their effects on the expression of AR, PSA. Human lymph node carcinoma of the prostate (LNCaP) cells were treated with miR-34a mimic or/and miR-93 inhibitor with or without EGCG. Gene or protein expressions were assessed by real-time PCR or western blotting of lysates. The transfection with miR-34a mimics significantly reduced the mRNA expression of AR (p=0.0016), and PSA (p=0.038) compared to the control. Also, the miR-93 inhibitor led to a decrease in the mRNA expression of AR (p=0.0057) and PSA (p>0.05) compared to the control group. Furthermore, the co-transfection, along with EGCG, caused more decrease in both the AR (p<0.001) and the PSA (p=0.003) expression compared with the co-transfection without EGCG. Our study indicates that the reduced expression of AR and PSA in PC cells followed by treatment with miR-34a mimic and miR-93 inhibitor and their combination with EGCG as a natural substance may be a promising therapeutic way for controlling the growth of these malignant cells.

Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) is an emerging treatment option which allows for extreme hypofractionation using modern technologies, because the low α/β-ratio favors the use of high dose per fraction in prostate cancer. There is a need for more data about SBRT. We provide a long-term update of SBRT clinical outcome using CyberKnife for the treatment of localized prostate cancer.

This study was based on a retrospective analysis of 43 patients treated with SBRT using CyberKnife for localized prostate cancer (23.3% in low risk, 67.4% in intermediate risk and 9.3% in high risk). The target volume included the prostate with or without the seminal vesicles depending on the risk stratification and uncertainty margins that are kept at 3-5 mm. Total dose of 36.25 Gy in 5 fractions of 7.25 Gy were administered.

43 patients with a median 73.6 months (range, 14 to 119 months) follow-up were analyzed. There was three biochemical failure (BCF). Eight-year BCF free survival and overall survival were 92.0% and 73.1%, respectively. Median PSA decline rates were -0.301, -0.191 and -0.115 ng/mL/month, respectively, for durations of 1, 2 and 3 years after radiotherapy and has remained plateau. Median PSA nadir was 0.27 ng/mL at median 38 months and PSA bounce (median 0.33 ng/mL) occurred in 32.6% (n = 14) of patients at median 19 months after SBRT. There was no grade 3 acute and late toxicity.

Our long-term experience with SBRT using CyberKnife for localized prostate cancer demonstrates favorable efficacy and toxicity.

Currently, no potent tools are available to differentiate diagnose between patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and newly diagnosed prostate cancer patients (NDPCa) based on increased serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) as the value may increase in both conditions. Therefore, finding new biomarkers is considered to be a major issue in this regard.

The present study aimed to differentiate BPH and NDPCa patients and evaluate serum and urine sarcosine levels as reliable markers.

This study was conducted on 67 patients with NDPCa and BPH and healthy controls. PSA evaluation was performed on all the patients, and the serum and urine levels of sarcosine were measured using the ELISA assay. In addition, the serum and urine sarcosine levels were assessed using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.

The mean serum and urine sarcosine levels in the healthy controls were 3.0 ± 2.0 and 6.0 ± 2.0 ng/mL, respectively, while they were 9.0 ± 1.0 and 8.0 ± 1.0 ng/mL in the patients with BPH, respectively. The serum and urine sarcosine levels in the patients with NDPCa were 21.02 ± 2.0 and 15.0 ± 2.0 ng/mL, respectively. Significant differences were observed in the serum and urine sarcosine between the patients with BPH and NDPCa (P < 0.001). In addition, the serum sarcosine content increased in the patients with NDPCa and BPH compared to the healthy controls. The serum and urine levels of sarcosine had the following order: healthy controls < patients with BPH<patients with NDPCa.

According to the results, the serum and urine sarcosine contents might provide beneficial evidence for PCA diagnosis, while differentiating the patients with BPH and NDPCa. Furthermore, sarcosine levels may be valuable markers for PCA with clinical significance compared to PSA

Biochemical failure after radical prostatectomy has been defined based on retrospective studies in men who underwent RP for localized prostate cancer. Nevertheless, retrospective strategy and possibility of extra-prostatic extension overshadowed the accurateness of the aforementioned cut-off value. To define a more precise PSA nadir value, we estimated serum PSA after cystoprostatectomy in cases with bladder urothelial cancer and no evidence of prostate cancer.

Study population consists of 52 subsequent patients who underwent radical cystoprostatectomy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer between December 2010 and December 2013. Patients with prostate adenocarcinoma and/or high grade prostate intraepithelial neoplasia were excluded from enrollment. Other exclusion criteria were prostate involvement with urothelial carcinoma, neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Between all cases, 41 were enrolled for study. Serum PSA level was measured using immunochemiluminescence method from 6 months to 3 years after operation in study participants.

Forty-one patients with mean age of 66.4 ± 8.9 years were assessed in this study. Average serum PSA level after radical cysto-prostatectomy was: 037 ± .031 ng/mL (from .002 to .1). Serum PSA level was not impressed with type of diversion or interval between operation and PSA measurement. Average serum PSA level in this study was meaningfully lesser than .2 ng/mL which is contemplated as PSA nadir value after RP.

Serum PSA level of 0.2 ng/mL as the definition for biochemical recurrence after RP may delay salvage treatment. Our results showed that cut off value of （0.1 ng/mL may be more precise in the era of early salvage treatment.