جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "psychological phenomena" در نشریات گروه "پزشکی"

The issue of malingering and deception is one of the most important issues in forensic psychiatry. Therefore, the main purpose of this study was to prevalence assessment of psychological phenomena by malinger clients who referred to the forensic psychiatry department of Khorasan Razavi from April 2016 To Summer 2017.

In a cross-sectional study during April 2016 to summer 2017, Individuals who were referred to the psychiatric department of Mashhad forensic medicine by the judicial authority that Initial evaluation by psychiatrists according to DSM-5 criteria for mental disorders. Then using an M-FAST test malinger assessment for malinger clients who was confirmed in this study. The research method in this study was cross-sectional-descriptive. After collecting the questionnaires, the information was analyzed by SPSS statistical software.

According to the results of this study, 42 people were studied with an average of 35. 21 ± 12. 355 and low level of education (primary (29. 4%), illiterate (23. 5%) and unemployed (48. 6%). The range of cognitive disorder was 75% (26 cases) and then perceptual disorder was 75% (25 cases). Also, the highest rate of referral of patients in the present study was for compensation and blood money (30. 6%).

The findings of this study indicate that the consequences of low education and subsequent of unemployment and low social and economic status can be considered as one of the effective factors and grounds for the occurrence of discrimination in this group of clients that use it for financial and judicial benefit (escape from criminal responsibility).

Recent studies have proven that anxiety disorders have the highest abundance throughout the world. Almost everyone has experienced an anxiety. This anxiety can have an agonizing impact on a person’s life; however, anxiety can also be invigorating. Invigorating anxiety pushes a person to work with a goal in mind, while the more detrimental type of anxiety limits his or her attention. The purpose of this study was to investigate the brain function in test anxiety during answering mathematical questions.

In this experiment, 22 participants (9 male and 13 female) divided in two groups of test and control. Speelberger and ASRS anxiety tests were taken from all of the participants. Then electroencephalogram signal was recorded on 19 channels for 5 minutes with their eyes open and they were taking a conceptual math test simultaneously. In comparison with the control group, the test group had a shorter time to answer the questions and the video of the test group subjects was recorded while answering to a serious tester. After signal preprocessing, using Neuroguide software, frequency band powers of brain signal was extracted and the inattentional index (Theta/Beta ratio) was compared between the test and control groups using paired sample t-test.

In the test group, a significant decrease in theta to beta index was observed during math test compared to the eyes open condition on T3 (p=0.077, t=1.96), T4 (p=0.026, t=2.619)), T5 (p=0.084, t=1.91) channels. Besides, a nearly significant correlation (r=0.4055, p=0.0612) was found between false answers and percent change of theta/beta index during math test compared to rest condition.

Anxiety in the test group was invigorating and reduced test error and inattention index. In the healthy subjects, due to the imposing anxiety from tester, the level of attention of the subjects increased significantly and their error in answering the questions decreased.

Playing a musical instrument requires a high motor coordination, sensory integration, and cooperation among different areas of the brain, which affects the cognitive functions. The aims of this study were to evaluate the neurocognitive executive functioning in musicians and non-musician individuals.
This is a descriptive and causal-comparative (ex post facto) study. 120 people were selected through purposeful sampling method and were divided into two groups; musicians (n = 60) and non-musicians (n = 60). All subjects completed the Barkley Deficits in executive functioning scale test (BDEFS) and cognitive flexibility (CFI).
Our results revealed that non-musicians had poorer flexibility and executive functioning compared to musicians. In addition, the musicians who practiced for a longer period and began their training at early ages had higher scores in cognitive flexibility and executive functioning.
These data suggest that music education and training can play an important role in promoting the levels of neurological functions.

Exercise and physical activity have positive impacts on the physical and mental functions. However, their impact on cognitive functions needs to be elucidated in further details. Therefore, the present study was performed to determine the effect of aerobic exercise on neural network of attention and working memory.
In this semi- experimental study, 20 inactive women with mean age of 22.65±2.03 years were selected by available sampling and equally divided into experimental and control groups. The experimental group participated in 16 sessions of aerobic exercise. Before and after the completion of training intervention, participant’s performance was assessed using attention network test and N-back task test. Data were analyzed by the multivariable analysis of covariance method.
Our results showed that working memory in the experimental group was significantly increased compared to the control group. However, there were no significant differences in orienting network of attention.
Our data are in line with the use of aerobic exercise to reinforce working memory. In addition, it seems that the impact of aerobic exercise on cognition is selective and depends on the nature of the targeted cognitive function as well as their brain substrates.