جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "pulmonary infection" در نشریات گروه "پزشکی"

Echinococcus granulosus remains a global public health issue. Although predominantly affecting the liver, the lungs are the second most affected organ and often undergo surgical intervention. Here, a case managed by bronchoscopy and medical therapy is presented. A 26-year-old woman was presented with a cough, hemoptysis, and a 5 kg weight loss in the last two months. Chest imaging identified a 4 cm centrally cystic mass lesion in the middle lobe of the right lung, which was suspicious of lung cancer. Bronchoscopy revealed a whitish, plastic-like object that was difficult to extricate and obstructed the middle lobe bronchus. We removed the material and purulent secretions covering it and opened the middle lobe bronchus totally. The histopathological study verified its consistency with hydatid cyst. There was no evidence of a hydatid cyst on computerized thomography after bronchoscopy. The lesion in the left lobe of the liver, confirmed to be suggestive of a hydatid cyst via ultrasonography, was treated using the PAIR technique. We administered oral albendazole to continue the treatment. It may be a reasonable approach to postpone surgery in order to preserve lung tissue in patients who have undergone complete removal of hydatid cyst material via bronchoscope.

Lophomonas blattarum is a newly reported opportunistic protozoan parasite that may cause pulmonary infections. Co-morbidity of this parasite and pulmonary viral infections, such as COVID-19 may exacerbate their pathological effects. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of L. blattarum infection in patients with COVID-19 infection.

In this study, mini bronchoalveolar lavage (mini-BAL) samples were taken from 93 patients with acute pneumonia due to COVID-19 infection in 2021. The samples were subjected to microscopic examination for the presence of L. blattarum, following smear preparation and staining with two specific methods of Giemsa and Papanicolao.

The patients included 49 males and 44 females with a mean age of 68.8 ± 14.8 years. Of the specimens studied after staining, only one specimen (1.08%) was positive for L. blattarum. It was found in a patient with diabetic underlying disease.

It was concluded that the infection of L. blattarum in patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia was low. However, the presence of this parasite in this group of patients should not be neglected. This is the first report of pulmonary infection with this protozoan parasite in Zanjan Province.

COVID-19 is a major emerging disease that will affect any specific disease. However, a recent report suggests the occurrence of hyperglycemia without any present diabetes in COVID-19 patients. This study aimed to systematically review recent evidence on hyperglycemia in COVID-19 patients. Literature research was done using four search engines, consist of Google Scholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and ProQuest, and limited to English manuscripts only and published in the last 1 year. SARS-CoV-2 could damage the pancreas by causing the destruction of the β-cell structure that leads to impairment of glucose metabolism and worsen pre-existing diabetes or determine the appearance of hyperglycemia in non-diabetes. Inflammation also plays a major important role in hyperglycemia related to COVID-19. Hyperglycemia increased the vulnerability of the lung, by promoting and facilitating the entry of the SARS-CoV-2 into the host cells, and decreasing lung function. Moreover, the mortality and morbidity rate conceivable increased due to hyperglycemia. The presence of high glucose levels is linked with the progression of COVID-19 severity. Thus, the glucose level should be concerned, either in a patient with present diabetes or without any presence of diabetes. Examination and monitoring of glucose levels might be a useful tool to prevent the seriousness of COVID-19.

Streptomyces are saprophytic soil organisms rarely known to cause invasive infections. Streptomyces is the largest genus, producing antibacterial, antifungal and antiparasitic drugs. The case was a 24-year-old man, admitted for sudden dyspnea, fever and sputum and decreased sound in the left lung. The chest X-ray showed hydropneumothorax. After chest tube insertion, lung expansion did not happen. Pleural effusion was exudative with gram-positive bacillus and Streptomyces in culture. Owing to symptoms of Cushing in history, examination and laboratory work-up for Cushing was done and finally he underwent bilateral adrenalectomy. The patient was on antibiotic broad spectrum antibiotic and then was changed to antibiotic as organism was sensitive to and discharged with clarithromycin for 6 months. Streptomyces happens in immunodeficient patient. Diagnosis is based on culture and contamination was ruled out. Treatment period is longer for patients owing to slow growing nature.