qualitative study

Despite the Increasing attention to competency in medical science education, how to teach it has received less attention. Therefore, the aim of the current research is to identify the characteristics and components of competency-oriented medical science education.

This applied research was conducted using the qualitative content analysis method in two parts: documents and focused group discussion. The selection of cases and participants was done using a targeted approach, including sampling of special or unique cases. This study reviewed 14 articles and 2 books, with 14 faculty members and doctoral students with teaching experience in medical sciences participating. Validation of findings for both sections was carried out through peer review involvement.

Based on the results, the elements and characteristics of competency-oriented medical science education were described in 4 main components including contextual factors-infrastructure, learner, the process of education, and evaluation-feedback and 11 sub-components and their characteristics.  

Competency means the acquisition of transferable knowledge, the result of deep and meaningful learning. As a result, competency-oriented medical science education focuses on learning processes and includes active, collaborative teaching-learning methods, original evaluation, constructive feedback, and metacognitive awareness.

Patient safety is one of the fundamental principles of health care. The investigation of patient safety culture is a step towards providing safe conditions for patient care. This study aims to explore the Iranian intensive care unit (ICU) nurses’ experiences of patient safety culture in hospitals.

This is a qualitative study using the conventional content analysis method. Participants were 18 ICU nurses from three hospitals affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences in 2021-2022, who were selected using a purposive sampling method. In-depth semi-structured interviews was carried to collect data. Data were analyzed using Graneheim and Lundman’s content analysis method.

Three themes were extracted: Individual (sufficient knowledge and skills, observance of professional values, work experience), interpersonal (inter-departmental communication, intra-departmental communication), and organizational (supportive management versus punitive response to errors, equipment safety, irrational workload, and employee empowerment).

The results revealed that the concept of patient safety culture in Iranian hospitals is multidimensional (individual, interpersonal, and organizational). Integrating effective patient safety culture into all parts of the organization should be the priority of hospital management programs. To promote awareness in the field of patient safety culture while holding regular training courses, hospital managers should encourage non-punitive responses to errors and teamwork to clarify the performance and expectations of the health system about improving patient safety.

The hidden curriculum is the strongest way to convey the values of the medical profession. Adequate identification and attention to it can make a better and more comprehensive understanding and improvement of clinical skills training. The aim of this study was to explore the experiences of dental students using the hidden curriculum.

 In this qualitative study, the content analysis approach was used to discover the hidden aspects of students' learning from their professors. Data were collected through in-depth and semi-structured interviews with 20 postgraduate students of Shahid Sadoughi dental school in Yazd in person and by telephone. The interviews were transcribed after recording. Sentences and statements related to the purpose of the study were extracted, coded and classified from the text of the interviews. The content analysis method was utilized.

The hidden curriculum from the students' perspective was identified in four main themes: professors’ interactions, dealing with errors and problems, educational rules and regulations, and interpersonal discrimination, and twelve subthemes. These themes indicated the importance of practical training as well as the role modeling of students by their professors, especially in the clinical field.

The results of this study show the effect of the hidden curriculum in teaching and learning students, and the results of this study can be useful in improving the capabilities related to the educational role of dental professors.

Available evidence shows the effectiveness of psychotherapy. However, the number of patients who deteriorate or do not improve is still problematic. On the other hand, while some therapists are generally more successful than others, most therapists have experienced both success and failure of therapy in different cases. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors effective in psychotherapy from the perspective of therapists and clients.

Based on the purpose of this research, it can be considered as an applied research and qualitative in nature. Data were collected through interviews and analyzed using the content analysis method based on the analogical approach. The samples of therapists and clients were selected purposefully from the statistical population including 1. Therapists (psychiatrists, psychologists and counselors) licensed by the Psychology and Counseling Organization with 5 years or more of therapy experience, and 2. Clients who had participated in at least one psychotherapy course. The sample size was based on theoretical saturation and, therefore, the interview process continued until ensuring sufficiency of the collected data; thus the interviews ended with the 21st person in the therapists group and the 15th person in the clients group.

The factors in effective treatment were found to be in three areas, namely, the therapist (attitude, competence, personality, maturity, ability and appearance), the client (demographic characteristics, reason and method of referral, insight), and environmental factors (economic, socio-political issues, location of the psychological center, supporting problems, and daily living events of clients and therapists).

The findings of this research show the components and importance of the model of effective factors in effective psychotherapy to policy makers, trustees, professors and therapists in the field of mental health. The achievement of these components can increase the efficiency of the therapists in achieving their goals and also help a clients to choose a therapist.

Study duration refers to the specific period a student must complete their education. This study aims to elucidate the factors contributing to the prolonged study duration among students of the Faculty of Management and Medical Informatics at Tabriz University of Medical Sciences and to provide effectual strategies for reducing this duration.

This qualitative study was conducted using a content analysis approach. The research population included all eligible graduate students (those with extended study duration) from the Faculty of Management and Medical Information in 2021 and 2022. A total of 48 students were selected using a census method. Data collection was conducted using three different tools: interviews, document reviews, and analysis of students' extension requests. Content analysis was employed to analyze the data.

The interview findings indicated two categories of influential factors: personal issues and university-related factors. Personal issues included employment, family problems, the overlap of studies with the COVID-19 pandemic, the distance between the university and residence, internet limitations, time gaps between undergraduate and graduate studies, and prolonged data collection. University-related factors included a lack of cooperation from professors, delays in proposal approval, strict research regulations concerning articles, and professors' rigorous demands during the thesis defense process.

Reducing the stages of thesis approval at the university level, initiating the thesis process during the initial semesters of study, and enhancing scientific capabilities regarding thesis writing during the study period are among the strategies to improve the current situation of students' study duration.

Although loneliness can occur in any life stage, its is higher among older adults. The present study aimed to explore the experience of loneliness in single older women in Tehran, Iran.

This qualitative study was conducted from 2020 to 2021. Sampling was performed
using the snowball method. The participants were 23 older women aged 60-70 years remained permanently single unmarried, and had lived alone for at least one year, in Tehran, Iran. Data were collected using in-depth semi-structured individual interviews and the collected data were analyzed using the conventional content analysis. 

The mean age of women was 62.1 years. After coding and analyzing the data, three main themes were extracted as the participants' experiences of loneliness: Coping with loneliness (with two categories of adaptive and maladaptive coping strategies), consequences of living alone (with two categories of perceived benefits and perceived disadvantages) and mediators of coping with loneliness (with three categories of social factors, physiological factors, and socio-economic factors) were recognized.

The experiences of older women remained unmarried and are living alone, explored in this study, can significantly clarify their needs. Necessary planning is required to address their needs and challenges.

The purpose of this research is to explore the viewpoints of knowledgeable individuals regarding the solutions to improve common nutritional issues faced by patients with cancer, presented as a qualitative study.

The main stakeholders in this study included oncologists, nurses, and nutritionists. Individual interviews were conducted in a semi-structured format, and data collection continued until data saturation was reached. Finally, 16 participants took part in the study.

Six main categories emerged regarding strategies to improve the nutritional status of patients with cancer: "the necessity of including a nutrition consultant in the treatment team and oncology department", understanding the importance of management of the food department, the preparation, and distribution of meals", "the significance of training in improving the nutritional status of patients", "the role of charitable contributions and support from social workers", "the importance of monitoring and evaluation", and "the need to increase staffing levels".

Addressing nutrition-related issues in patients with cancer requires a multi-faceted approach. Effective solutions necessitate adequate funding, public engagement through non-governmental organizations and charities, the recruitment of skilled personnel, inter-sectoral collaboration among medical universities, health centers, and hospitals, as well as comprehensive, evidence-based health management at the national level.

People with diabetes face many emotional and psychological problems that affect their self-care ability and the need to find solutions to deal with the mental and psychological challenges of these people. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of explaining the lived experiences of people with type 1 diabetes of self-care so the present study was conducted with the aim of explaining the self-compassion experiences of people with diabetes.

the hermeneutic phenomenological method was used in this study. Participants were selected through purposive sampling from people with type 1 diabetes, with different sex, ages, education levels, and economic and social statuses. Data collection continued using semi-structured interviews until data richness was reached. Then the data analysis was done according to Dickelman's method 1989. Finally, 10 people with type-1 diabetes took part in this study.

The findings of the present study show Self-improvement as the main theme with eight subthemes (self-kindness, self-forgiveness, empowering, adapting to the disease, a new look at life, towards being better, kindness to others, and spiritual beliefs).

Based on the results of the study and the perceived meaning of self-care for people with type 1 diabetes, teaching self-care behaviors to people with diabetes is recommended. With this in mind, it is suggested to design and apply a clinical guide for self-care and to examine its effect on the management of physical and mental challenges of people with type 1 diabetes.

The right to health is one of the fundamental human rights, which includes access to healthcare services, suitable living conditions, and a healthy environment. In Iran, this right is clearly stated in the Constitution and key documents, and the government is responsible for providing these services to all individuals. In Yazd Province, a committee for the protection of people's rights in health has been established to identify the challenges and implementation problems in this area. This research has been conducted qualitatively and quantitatively to identify and prioritize issues related to individuals’ health rights in Yazd Province.

Organizing and advancing the career path is a reciprocal action and requires comprehensive and dynamic interaction between faculty and university.. The aim of this study was to design an external career path model among faculty members of Urmia University.

In order to achieve this goal, a qualitative approach and Qualitative content analysis were used. The research community of Urmia University professors in 1398 who had scientific and executive backgrounds as well as familiarity with the field of behavioral sciences and management were selected and based on the theoretical saturation of the data, 23 of them were studied face to face. Semi-structured interview method was used to collect data. The data obtained from the interviews were analyzed using qualitative software (Maxquda18) in the form of open source and selective codes.

Resuits:

 After reviewing and analyzing the interview codes in two formats, open and pivotal, open codes included 33 and pivotal codes including 5, which were formed as the main dimensions and components of the faculty members 'external career path and the desired model of faculty members' external career path was presented. . The 5 main components of the faculty members 'external career path are interpersonal and transformational competencies, extra-organizational research development, communication with industry, scientific relations and collaborations, and communication with the community, which are presented as the main dimensions of the faculty members' external career path.

Based on the findings of this study, it can be concluded that career path can create many changes in the individual and social life of faculty members and will help align the motivations, talents and individual abilities of faculty members with job responsibilities and duties, and also It will lead to the acquisition of academic identity and planning for the professional development of faculty members.

Due to the prevalence of corona deaths in the world and the bereavement experience of the bereaved, this study was conducted with the aim of understanding the experiences of surviving family members who were themselves infected with Corona.

In this qualitative study, data were collected using a semi-structured in-depth interview. The research community included people referred to Masih Daneshvari Hospital who were infected with Corona and lost a loved one. The study sample was 19 bereaved people suffering from corona, who were selected purposefully and voluntarily until reaching the saturation point. The data were analyzed by the content analysis approach and using Granheim and Lundman's method.

The main physical effects included shortness of breath, physical weakness, sleep problems, and anorexia. Cognitive-emotional effects included depression, suicidal thoughts, confusion and memory problems, ambiguity and despair, mood swings, stress, despair, rumination and guilt, anger, and unanswered questions. Social effects included social stigma and blame, loneliness, cessation of social activities-personal growth, loss of freedom due to restricted movement. Behavioral effects included loss of energy, obsessions, and lifestyle changes. Spiritual effects included self-knowledge, prayer and remembrance, submission and contentment, charity, living in the moment-gratitude for life, and performance of religious rituals.

The results of this study highlight the importance of social and emotional support for the bereaved.