جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « randomized » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

The physiological changes in postmenopausal women, especially age-related physical changes, may lead to negative experiences in body image among these women.

This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral group therapy on the negative body image of postmenopausal women.

This parallel randomized clinical trial study was conducted on 22 eligible postmenopausal women attending a health care center in Ahvaz, Iran, in 2018. They were randomly selected and assigned to intervention and control groups (n = 11 per group). The intervention group attended eight 90-minute sessions of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) based on the Cash 8-step model. All participants completed the body image concern inventory (BICI) and Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire (MBSRQ) before, immediately after, and 1 month after the intervention. The chi-square test, independent t-test, and repeated measures test were used to investigate the trend of changes in BICI and MBSRQ and their domains over time in both groups. P values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant for all tests.

Before the intervention, there were no statistically significant differences in demographic characteristics (such as age, age of menopause, and body mass index (BMI)) between the 2 groups; also, there were no statistically significant differences in themean scores of MBSRQ and BICI between the 2 groups (P < 0.05). After the intervention, a significant increase was observed in the mean scores of MBSRQ and its 3 out of 6 domains (appearance evaluation (AE), appearance orientation (AO), and body areas satisfaction (BAS); P < 0.05), while a significant decrease was observed in the mean scores of BICI in the intervention group compared with the control group (P < 0.05).

Cognitive behavioral group therapy based on the Cash 8-step model in postmenopausal women can promote satisfaction with their body image.

Tinnitus is an auditory perception that is described as a perception of noise without any external acoustic stimulant. Tinnitus causes many problems including sleep disturbances and difficulty in concentrating for patients.

In this trial, we evaluated melatonin as an alternative therapy in tinnitus.

In this clinical trial, tinnitus patients (n = 90) were randomly assigned to 12 weeks of double-blind treatment with melatonin (n = 30) at a fixed-dose (3 mg once daily), sertraline (n = 30) at a fixed dose (50 mg once daily) and placebo (n = 30) once daily. The treatment outcomes were measured using THI (Tinnitus Handicap Inventory), tinnitus loudness score, and tinnitus awareness score after 3 months.

The baseline assessment with THI (Tinnitus Handicap Inventory) showed no significant difference in THI score between groups before treatment (p-value = 0.38). The mean THI score shows a significant decrease in both melatonin and sertraline groups (p-value < 0.03). Overall, a mean of 20% decrease in tinnitus loudness score and a 2-fold decrease in tinnitus awareness score was seen in the melatonin group. In contrast, a mean of 2% decrease in tinnitus loudness score and 25% decrease in tinnitus awareness score was seen in the sertraline group.

Both melatonin and sertraline reduce tinnitus loudness score and tinnitus awareness score within 12 weeks in primary care, but melatonin showed a more significant outcome. Our findings support the prescription of melatonin in tinnitus management.

Studies have shown that quality of life in women with unintended pregnancy is significantly less than the ones with wanted gestation. Therefore, this study was aimed to determine the effect of intervention based on the positive psychology interventions on women’s QoL with unintended pregnancies in Kermanshah, Iran.

In this randomized clinical trial, 40 women with unintended pregnancy met the eligibility criteria and were randomized into experimental (n = 20) or control (n = 20) groups. The Short‑form 36‑item Questionnaire (SF‑36) was administered at pretest, post‑test, and six weeks after the intervention. Positive psychology interventions were performed in each session once a week for 10 weeks, with a duration of 90 minutes. The Friedman test and Mann–Whitney U‑test were used to analyze QoL and all eight domains for within‑group and between‑group comparisons, respectively. The level of confidence was set at 0.05 significant.

Distribution of matched variables was not significantly different between the two trial groups. Over the intervention period, the mean of total scores of QoL and seven dimensions showed significant improvement among the experimental group, whereas in the control group, it decreased significantly (P < 0.05). In addition, in the posttest and follow‑up stages, the mean score of six dimensions of QoL was higher than the control group (P < 0.05).

According to the results of the present study, unintended pregnancy has side effects on QoL in women. Positive counseling interventions can improve the quality of life in women with unintended pregnancy.