جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « recurrent pregnancy loss » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

 Consecutive miscarriages are considered recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL), which affects 1-2% of women and may be unpleasant for couples attempting to conceive. Patients and healthcare professionals confront a difficult situation in this regard. The present study was conducted with aim to investigate the potential role of anti-mullerian hormone (AMH) in predicting the rate of live birth in women with RPL who are trying to conceive naturally.

 This cross-sectional study involved 60 pregnant women from Baghdad and Al-Najaf infertility centers (June 2022 - June 2023), recording age, gestational age, miscarriage frequency, fetal outcomes, parity, and number of live births. AMH levels were measured using Minividas Biomeriux 2020 (France), followed by assessments of FSH and Estradiol. Low AMH prompted further tests for autoimmune and genetic disorders. Inclusion criteria were all pregnant women with spontaneous or induced pregnancies and a history of recurrent miscarriage. Exclusions were those with unexplained pregnancy loss and male factor infertility.

 The mean age of participants was 32.8 years, with 46.7% aged 21-30 years. AMH levels were higher in females aged 21-30 years, those with two abortions, and those with two parities. A significant correlation was observed between age over 40 years and a history of four abortions.

 AMH emerges as a crucial biomarker that intertwines with various aspects of female reproductive health, including miscarriage history, age, and parity. Future research is needed to deeply investigate the mechanisms behind these associations and offer more comprehensive insights into female fertility dynamics.

The research combined different bibliometric techniques to analyze systematically recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) documents from 1970 to 2023.

Overall, 1287 documents from the Web of Science database associated with recurrent pregnancy loss between 1970 and 2023 were identified for more than 300 journals. The data were analyzed with VOSviewer software.

The trend of paying attention to the topic of RPL can be divided into three periods. The number of publications on RPL increased significantly after 2010. Most of the papers were published in Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Biology areas. Utilizing co-occurrence and co-citation analysis, our study found that the most influential documents mapped the knowledge structure, and projected future research directions. The co-occurrence analysis showed five clusters even though the co-citation analysis designates four.

RPL has increased in recent years exponentially and some areas were explained carefully, therefore these results could be used as a research agenda for the future direction by a range of interested beneficiaries.

This review presents a clinical approach to genetic issues in male infertility. Unlike other related reviews that discuss different types of genetic diseases (such as Klinefelter and Down syndrome), this review focuses on the clinical features that result from these genetic problems (such as azoospermia and oligospermia).

A narrative review of the clinical literature in PubMed was conducted using keywords related to male infertility, recurrent pregnancy loss, recurrent in vitro fertilization failure, and genetics. The search included articles with English reviews published online after 2020. Headlines were defined based on the available literature, and after a critical review of each manuscript, clinical facts were classified under the corresponding headlines, and a primary draft was written.

29 relevant articles were selected from the search. According to the literature, there are clinical genetic approaches for azoospermia, severe oligospermia, severe teratospermia, severe asthenospermia, recurrent miscarriage, and recurrent in vitro fertilization failure.

Although many mutations that can affect male fertility and spermogram have been identified, only a few have clinical predictive value.

The objective of this study was to compare the levels of vitamin D in non-pregnant women with a history of recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) who were seropositive or seronegative for autoantibodies (autoAbs).

The study examined 58 RPL patients with autoAbs (ANA, anti-TPO, or APAs), 34 RPL patients without autoAbs, and 58 healthy women with prior successful pregnancies and without autoantibodies. The levels of 25 (OH) D were measured using the sandwich ELISA technique.

Our results showed insufficient serum 25(OH) D levels in study groups, with significantly lower levels observed in RPL patients with or without autoAbs compared to healthy women (P=0.0006).  In addition, RPL patients with autoAbs had significantly lower 25(OH) D levels compared to RPL patients without autoAbs. We also found that serum levels of 25(OH) D in RPL patients with autoAbs were significantly lower than in RPL patients without autoAbs (20.51 ± 1.15 ng/ml Vs. 23.69 ± 0.74 ng/ml, P=0.0356). Further analysis indicated that RPL patients who were positive for ANA, and APAs, except anti-TPO, had significantly lower than 25(OH)D serum levels than RPL patients without autoAbs.

These findings suggest that RPL patients, especially those with APAs or ANA, have lower vitamin D levels compared to healthy women. This may indicate a link between maternal immune dysregulation due to vitamin D deficiency and the presence of autoantibodies in RPL.

Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL), which is also known as repeated miscarriage, affects around 2-3% of women who are trying to conceive. While some factors contributing to RPL have been identified, the cause of almost half of all cases remains unknown. Immunological factors have been proposed as one of the potential causes of such miscarriages. However, it is hard to track the common factors leading to RPL since the individual genomic identity of aborted fetuses is different in a family like other siblings. The immunological factors involved in the pathogenesis of miscarriage generally result from either the function of the maternal immune system attributable to her genomic background or the fetal origination established by both maternal and paternal genomic backgrounds that constitute the fetal genome.

Hormones such as prolactin, by influencing expression of the endometrial genes, play a pivotalrole in embryo implantation and development. The present study aimed to evaluate serum level of prolactin andits effect on altering expression level of colony-stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1) and colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor(CSF-1R) genes in endometrial tissue during in vitro fertilization (IVF) pregnancy in the infertile womenand recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL), compared to fertile women, who lost their pregnancies at gestational age<20 weeks. In this case-control study, 40 infertile women, 40 IVF pregnant women with RPL and 40fertile women who lost their pregnancies at <20 weeks of gestation for unknown reasons were selected. Prolactinserum level was assessed using ELISA technique and expression of CSF-1 and CSF-1R genes was determined inendometrial tissue, using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Mean prolactin level of the infertile group was 24.38 ± 1.43 ng/mL and it had statistically significantrelationship with the fertile group (P<0.001). Expression level of the CSF-1 and CSF-1R genes were higher in thefertile than infertile groups by 2.88 times (P<0.0001) and 2.64 times (P<0.0001), while it was respectively 2.28(P<0.0001) and 1.69 (P<0.0001) times higher compared to the RPL group. Risk factors for pregnancy loss, suchas aging, increased body mass index (BMI), smoking and diabetes caused decreasing changes in gene expression(CSF-1 and CSF-1R) and the differences were statistically significant, except in the infertile group. The present study showed a significant relationship of CSF-1 and CSF-1R expression levels with pregnancyloss. Risk factors such as aging, obesity, smoking and diabetes decreased both genes expression levels.

Background &  Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is the occurrence of three or more miscarriages before the 20th week of pregnancy. Thrombophilia factors are one of the common causes of RPL.Materials &  This retrospective study was performed on women with miscarriages. 620 patients’ documents with pregnancy loss were investigated. Based on the number of pregnancy loss, the women were divided into a control group with less than three miscarriages (212) and RPL group (180). Cytogenetics analysis and thrombophilia factors polymorphism tests were performed for all patients. In the analysis, none of the studied polymorphisms (MTHFR 677 C⁄T /Factor V Leiden /Prothrombin G20210A/ ACE I/D/ PAI-1) showed a significant relationship between Control and RPL groups (P-value ˃ 0.05). Cytogenetic analysis showed 2 numerical and 9 structural abnormalities among both groups. Statistical analysis indicated a significant association between the number of abortions and age (P value= 0.005, r= 0.139). We even realized that there was a significant relationship between polymorphism number and recurrent number of miscarriages (P value= 0.018, r= 0.6). We showed that polymorphisms analysis for thrombophilia factors is a more precious test than cytogenetics analysis (study of the banded pattern of chromosomes during metaphase of the cell cycle). We even indicated that no association was found between thrombophilia polymorphisms in the control and RPL groups. This means that screening for Factor V Leiden, prothrombin G20210A, MTHFR C677T, ACE I/D, and PAI-1 and cytogenetic analysis in patients with a history of RPL is not recommended.

The present study aims to assess chromosomal instabilities between fertile couples and couples with recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) and the causative relation of chromosomal instabilities with RPL.

A case-control study was performed with a study sample of 27 couples with a history of RPL who attended the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER) and twenty-seven healthy fertile couples as controls. The procedure done was Cytokine Blocked Micronucleus Assay (CBMN). After obtaining consent and details of the couple, 3 ml of heparinized blood was collected from cases and controls. Cases comprising couples with RPL (gestational age ≤ 24 weeks) were included, and couples with a history of diabetes mellitus, thyroid disorders, and hypertension were excluded. Among cases, women with a history of two or more two spontaneous abortions ≤ 24 weeks of gestation were selected. Blood was collected and assessed from both male and female partners. The lymphocytes were cultured per the standard protocol and were screened as the number of micronuclei per 1000 binucleate cells under X 200 magnification in CBMN.

Chromosomal instabilities in the form of micronuclei in cases were found to be 7.52±3.99 and 0.07±0.26 in controls (p˂0.05). A statistically significant difference was revealed among those with and without chromosomal instability.

Chromosomal instability serves as a significant causative factor for those couples leading to pregnancy losses

The objective of this research was focused on the development of new organoclay based composite that serves as both antibacterial and dye removing agent for the treatment of microbial and dyes contaminated water from the source.

The cation exchange capacity (CEC) of the kaolinite was improved through acid treatment. Chlorhexidine- loaded zinc- kaolinite was prepared via adsorption of chlorhexidine acetate (0.5 mmol/L) on zinc-kaolinite. The composites were characterized using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX). The antibacterial assays of the composites were conducted against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Salmonella typhi (S. typhi) using disc diffusion technique (DDT), minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC).

The CEC value of the acid treated kaolinite (Kaot2) was improved from 9.26 + 0.82 to 13.43+1.61 meq/100g, the morphology of the composite remains intact and indicate the presence of Zinc (Zn) after formulation. The target composite (Chx-Zn-Kaot2) shows its effectiveness against S. aureus and S. typhi showing the inhibition zones of 26 mm and 1.5 mm respectively. Similarly, MIC, with 120 mg/mL inhibit both organisms while MBC revealed that the target composite, 60 mg/mL kills S. aureus and 120 mg/mL kills S. typhi respectively.

The formulated target composite is a good candidate for the treatment of drinking water contaminated with such microorganisms and can be able to remove substantial content of dyes.

Increased sperm DNA damage is known as one of the causes of recurrent pregnancy loss(RPL) which can be due to increased levels of oxidative stress. In this study, the effect of alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) as an antioxidant soluble in water and fat was investigated on sperm parameters and sperm function tests in couples with a history of RPL.

In this preliminary study, a total of 37 patients (n=12 and n=25 for placebo and ALA groups, respectively) were considered. Men with high sperm DNA damage were treated with ALA (600 mg/day) or placebo for 80 days. Semen samples were acquired from the participants before initiation and after completion of the medication course and assessed regarding conventional sperm parameters, DNA damage/integrity, intracellular oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, and seminal antioxidant characteristics. Individuals were further followed up for twelve months for pregnancy occurrence and outcomes. Finally, after excluding patients with no history of RPL, the data was analyzed.

No statistically significant difference was observed between the baseline measures except for seminal volume. However, after the intervention, the mean sperm DNA damage (TUNEL), nuclear protamine deficiency, and persisted histones were significantly lower in the ALA group than placebo receivers (p<0.05). We noticed a decrease in the mean levels of seminal total antioxidant capacity (p=0.03), malondialdehyde (p=0.02), and SCSA-assayed sperm DNA damage (p=0.004) as well as an increase in mean sperm total motility (p=0.04) after treatment with ALA. In addition, the mean of nuclear protamine deficiency and remnant histone content were declined post-ALA therapy (p=0.003 and 0.002, respectively). Regarding post-medication pregnancy loss, no statistically significant difference was observed between the two groups (p=0.15).

ALA-therapy attenuates sperm DNA damage and lipid peroxidation while enhancing sperm total motility and chromatin compaction in the male partner of couples with RPL.

A large proportion of cases of recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) are associated with immunological factors.

This study investigated the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein (CTLA)-4 gene in women with a history of RPL compared to healthy women.

A case-control study was performed on 2 groups consisting of 120 healthy women with no history of abortion and at least one delivery (control) and 120 women with a history of 2 or more primary RPLs (case). In addition, 5 mL of peripheral blood sample was taken from all subjects. The frequencies of CTLA-4 rs3087243 and rs231775 polymorphisms were assayed by restriction fragment length polymorphism polymerase chain reaction and rs5742909 using the high-resolution melting real-time polymerase chain reactionmethod.

The mean age of the women in the control and RPL groups were 30.03 ± 4.23 (range 21-37), and 28.64 ± 3.61 yr (range 20-35), respectively. Pregnancy loss numbers ranged between 2-6 in women with a history of RPL, and between 1 and 4 in the successful pregnancy group. Statistical analysis showed a significant difference between the genotypes of GG and AG in the 2 groups in rs3087243 polymorphism (OR 1.00 for GG genotype and OR 2.87 for AG genotype, p = 0.0043). No significant difference was observed in the genotype frequencies of rs231775 and rs5742909 polymorphisms, of the 2 groups (p = 0.37, and p = 0.095), respectively.

Our findings indicated that CTLA-4 polymorphism, rs3087243, might be associated with a risk of RPL in Iranian women.

Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is one of the important complications of pregnancy. Only 50% of cases have a known cause of RPL. One of the causes of RPL is Waddlia Chondrophila (W. Chondrophila), but no information is available regarding its in Iran. This study aimed to develop a Taqman Real-Time polymerase chain reaction assay to detect recA Gene of W. Chondrophilain biological samples from women with RPL in Yazd city.

Clinical samples of women with a history of RPL, normal childbirth, and standard strain WSU 86–1044 were provided. Primers and probes of W. Chondrophila were designed. Positive control was provided based on the PUC57 vector. Technical performance was examined using a control plasmid.

Analytical sensitivity was 5 ng/µl of control plasmid DNA. No cross-amplification was observed when testing other pathogens that can detect in human vaginitis. The Taqman Real-Time PCR assay exhibited good reproducibility. This Real-Time PCR was then applied to 100 vaginal swabs. No samples were revealed to be Waddlia positive.

This new TaqMan Real-Time PCR assay represents a diagnostic tool that may be used to further study the prevalence of W. Chondrophila infection in clinical specimens.

It has been reported that less than 5% of women experience recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL). different matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have proteolysis function with a main role in the stable development of the fetus.

This study aims to assess the associations between two single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs2509013 C>T and rs11225395 G>A) of MMP-8 gene and RPL among 130 Iranian women with a history of RPL and 130 controls.

Genotyping of the MMP-8 gene was done for the two polymorphisms by using Sanger sequencing method.

High frequency of AA genotype (OR: 2.5, 95%CI:1.02-4.1, P<0.01) and A allele (OR:1.95, 95% CI:0.95-3.1, P<0.001) of rs11225395 G>A polymorphism in patients compared to controls. This high frequency was also reported in the haplotypes and combined genotypes of polymorphism.

The MMP-8 gene may be involved in RPL risk and is a potential biomarker for RPL susceptibility.

It is estimated that 1-5% of couples suffer from recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL). Recent studies have shown the effects of gene polymorphisms in RPL.

The aim of this study was to evaluate 3 gene polymorphisms including rs1048943 of CYP1A1, rs28371725 of CYP2D6, and rs7830 of NOS3 in idiopathic RPL to identify their association with RPL.

Blood samples were collected from 136 women with at least 2 consecutive idiopathic miscarriages (case group) and 136 women with no history of miscarriage and at least one successful pregnancy (control group) from the Iranian Azeri population. This study was carried out between April 2018-April 2020. Amplification-refractory mutation system polymerase chain reaction was used for the rs7830, rs1048943 and rs28371725 polymorphisms in order to genotype each extracted genomic DNA sample. After that, Chi-square, Fisher’s exact test and logistic regression were used to investigate whether each of these polymorphisms is associated with RPL.

Among these polymorphisms, only rs1048943 of CYP1A1 showed a statistically significant association with RPL in the Iranian Azeri women studied.

Our results suggest that CYP1A1 gene polymorphisms might be associated with a reduced risk of RPL. Further studies in other populations and in the same population with a larger sample size, as well as functional genomics analyses such as gene expression analyses or epigenetic studies are required to validate our results.

Abortion is a common complication that refers to the early termination of pregnancy with the death of the fetus before the 20th week of pregnancy. Previous studies show that many genes are involved in this disease, including the CX3CR1 gene, which is one of the inflammatory response genes in the immune system. The pathogenicity of these variants was determined in this study using bioinformatics analysis.

In this study, the effects of rs3732378 and rs3732379 mutation were predicted using bioinformatics tools including SIFT, PolyPhen2, PROVEAN, Predict SNP, and Exome Variant Server. Changes in the stability of mutant proteins were investigated using I-Mutant and DynaMut tools. Moreover, modeling of the protein structure, docking, and protein-ligand interaction were performed using SWISS-MODEL, SwissDock, and FRODOCK tools as well as PyMOL, Hawkdock, and MolSoft software, respectively.

Many polymorphisms related to the CX3CR1 gene have been known to date. Out of 244 missense mutations in the dbSNP database, two variants (rs3732378 and rs3732379) have been reported in association with recurrent pregnancy loss related to the CX3CR1 gene. The results of bioinformatics analyses showed that both variants were predicted as pathogenic mutations and changed the stability of the protein structure and played a key role in interaction with the ligand.

The findings of this study indicate that two missense mutations in the CX3CR1 gene are an important candidate for recurrent miscarriage and their identification in patients with recurrent miscarriage can be regarded as a risk factor.

Recurrent pregnancy loss is a distinct disorder defined as the loss of at least 2 pregnancies before the 20th wk of gestation. With one half of the genome of the embryo belonging to the father, the integrity of the sperm genome is crucial for a successful pregnancy. Semen analysis is recommended for men in such cases to evaluate sperm concentration, morphology, vitality and motility. However, other important sperm parameters such as sperm epigenetics, aneuploidy, Y chromosome microdeletion and chromatin integrity also correlate with successful pregnancy and delivery rate. This article examines the use of different sperm tests and their importance in male partners of women suffering from recurrent pregnancy loss.