جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « reproductive » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Recent achievements in reproductive biomedicine have led to a revolution in infertility treatment. A comprehensive understandingof the current status of reproductive medicine is necessary for the development of a forward-looking plan byhealth policymakers, based on fundamental requirements. This study is a systematic review of the Scopus database toassess reproductive biomedicine publications within Iran and compared to the rest of the world from 1990 to 2020. Thedata were categorized by geographical distribution across five continents. National data were assessed in comparisonwith the world and with neighboring countries. Finally, prominent national research institutes in the field of reproductivebiomedicine in Iran were identified, and their contributions to the field highlighted. Of the five continents, the highestnumber of publications and citations is from Europe (36% publications and 41.5% citations). Corresponding numbers forthe other continents are 32 and 33% for America, and 26 and 18.4% for Asia respectively. The remaining publications andcitations were from Australia (3.8 and 4.1%) and Africa (2.6 and 3.1%). In a national analysis, the highest-ranking institutesin reproductive biomedicine are in Tehran province (50.9% of all Iranian publications), Shiraz (8.8%), Yazd (7.8%),Isfahan (7.1%), and Tabriz (6.9%). More specifically, Tehran University of Medical Science (15.9%), the Royan Institute(12.2%), Shahid Beheshti Medical University (10.1%), Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences (6.9%), andTarbiat Modares University (6.7%) account for more than 50% of all Iranian scientific publications. In recent decades,reproductive biomedical research has grown significantly in Iran. Reviewing publications in this field helps health policydecision makers to monitor the direction of research and adjust investment in the treatment of infertility. In addition, it isnecessary to expand and organize inter-organizational and international collaborations to improve the research, gain thebenefits of different experiences, and engage in international multicenter studies.

To determine the average cutoff values of serum?free and total testosterone (FT, TT) and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) among healthy premenopausal women.

Participants were women aged 18–55 years without signs and symptoms of hyperandrogenism (n = 489). Participants if Ferriman–Gallwey (FG) scores between 6 and 8 were considered a group located in the upper spectrum related to the normal hirsutism score (n = 30). DHEAS, TT, and FT levels were compared between different populations. Upper limits of 97.5 and 95 and lower limits of 5 and 2.5 percentiles were calculated to provide the reference intervals for DHEA, TT, and FT in the total sample and in the population with FG 6–8.

In the total population, the mean ± standard deviation (SD) serum FT, TT, and DHEAS levels were 1.40 ± 0.63 pg/mL, 0.42 ± 0.17 ng/mL, and 1.5 ± 0.97 ?g/ml, respectively. The cutoff values of FT at 1.35 and TT at 0.49 were obtained for differentiating the patients with FG 6–8 scores from the normal population, with the corresponding specificity of 0.60, the sensitivity of 0.67, and area under the ROC curve (AUC) (confidence interval 95%) of 0.63 (0.52–0.73), P = 0.01 and 0.68 (0.58–0.78) P = 0.001, respectively.

In our study, the mean ± SD serum FT level was 1.40 ± 0.63 pg/mL, the TT level was 0.42 ± 0.17 ng/mL, and the DHEAS level was 1.5 ± 0.97 ?g/ml, in premenopausal women between 18 and 49 years of age. Furthermore, in a population with FG 6–8 score, a cutoff value of FT at 1.35 and TT at 0.49 was obtained. Although the irregular menstrual cycle did not change the reference range when compared with the normal group.

Reproductive and sexual health and its dimensions are important aspects of health in human life and the World Health Organization emphasizes to promote these section health indexes. Since a review study has not been conducted to identify an appropriate approach for intervention in this field. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of systematically reviewing the impact of educational and counseling interventions on sexual function of women.

A comprehensive electronic search was carried out with no time limit until 6 August 2022. All published studies with inclusion criteria by 2021 were searched in Embase, Cochrane library, Web of Sciences, Google Scholar, Pubmed, Scopus, SID, and Magiran. The literature search was performed using PRISMA instructions. Cochrane Quality Assessment Scale [adapted for evaluating RCT, interventional studies] was used to evaluate the quality of the articles.

From a total of 93 articles obtained from the search in databases, by removing duplicate titles and checking the titles and summaries of the articles, 40 articles were obtained, and finally, after the final review of the full text of the articles, 21 articles were included in the present review. Due to the variety of interventional types in the studies, it was not possible to categorize counseling approaches. Studies showed that interventions based on sexual education and counseling were effective on the outcomes including marital satisfaction, sexual knowledge, sexual satisfaction, marital relationship quality and sexual performance.

Designing a comprehensive educational program with an appropriate approach focusing on various aspects of reproductive and sexual health can be an important role in promoting sexual and reproductive health. Therefore, interventional studies are necessary to identify an appropriate intervention approach to enhance reproductive and sexual literacy of couples.

Pesticides are widely used around the world. However, these chemicals are being used more frequently and at increased doses in underdeveloped and developing countries. Although the hazard of pesticides has been studied in ecological fields, the effect of residual amounts of these compounds on the physiological processes of the body has always been debated.

In this experimental study, 45 greenhouse cucumber plants were sprayed with dichlorvos and acetamiprid pesticides in concentrations of twofold (acetamiprid 500 g/1000 L and dichlorvos 4 L/1000 L) and threefold of the recommended dose. After 24 h, the residual amount was obtained. To evaluate the residual effect of the mentioned pesticides, an equivalent of this residue was added to the drinking water of 105 mice.

Pesticide residues were obtained for twofold and threefold concentrations of the recommended dose, 1.5 and 2.5 (mg/kg cucumber) for acetamiprid and 0.5 and 1 (mg/kg cucumber) for dichlorvos, respectively. Application of these chemicals at higher doses not only significantly reduced the body weight, food consumption, testosterone production, testicular germ cells and embryo numbers, but also increased the levels of follicle‑stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone in mice.

The emergence of biological disorders and reducing reproductive potential in male mice can be attributed to the addition of pesticides to their drinking water. Therefore, to reduce the hazards caused by insecticides, it is recommended to familiarize farmers with the harmful effects of overdose of pesticides and monitoring the residuals in agricultural products.

Childbearing is an important component of reproductive and sexual health. The total fertility rate in Iran has reached below the replacement level of 2.1, which has the lowest rate in the Middle East. Based on World Health Organization, Iran will soon face the phenomenon of "aging tsunami”. This study aimed to review the challenges and strategies of childbearing from the perspective of sexual and reproductive health in Iran.

A narrative review was conducted based on the Scale for the Assessment of Narrative Review Articles (SANRA), without time limitation until September 2022. Literature search was performed through the English databases of PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, as well as Persian databases of Magiran and SID. A qualitative synthesis was carried out on the 69 eligible articles out of 166 retrieved documents. 

The most important challenges of childbearing included socio-economic issues, individual preferences, medicalization of fertility, and effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. Strategies to overcome these challenges comprised identifying appropriate target groups for childbearing, modifying fertility control methods and providing them to high-risk groups, establishing laws that support women and family, allocation of infertility treatment facilities, empowerment and skills training of youth and family, and appropriate cultural interventions in lifestyle.

Iran has the best time for childbearing due to being in an open demographic window. This opportunity could be used to identify the target groups eligible for childbearing and to do appropriate interventions. However, it appears that certain childbearing policies need to be reevaluated.

Social capital has potential effects on reproductive health and childbearing behaviors. However, there is limited information about its relationship with childbearing.

This study aimed to explore female healthcare providers' experiences of childbearing based on the social capital theory.

This qualitative study was conducted from July 2018 to February 2019 on 15 female healthcare workers in healthcare centers in Babol City, Iran. The participants were purposively recruited with maximum variation respecting their age, work experience, educational level, and occupation. The study data were collected through 15 semi-structured interviews and analyzed using directed qualitative content analysis.

The participants were female healthcare providers working in hospitals or healthcare centers of the University of Medical Science. Their mean±SD age and work experience were 35±8.25 and 10±7.5 years, respectively. The extracted codes during data analysis were grouped into three predetermined main categories, namely structural social capital (social learning and conformation to social norms), cognitive social capital (social beliefs and values with three subcategories, namely religious beliefs, gender preference, and social stigma), and relational social capital (support and trust). The most critical factors affecting participants' childbearing behaviors were trust in their support systems and conformation to social norms.

The different dimensions of social capital can affect childbearing behaviors. Therefore, social capital should be considered when designing population and reproductive health policies.

Violence against reproductive age women harms other health prioritiesو such as family planning and maternal health. This study aimed to identify the determinants of violence among reproductive age women.

This cross-sectional study was conducted among 182 married women, 15-49 years old in Sarab City, Iran, through simple random sampling in 2018. Data were collected by a self-designed questionnaire including demographic characteristics, physical, psychological, verbal, economic, and sexual violence. Then, it was analyzed using an independent samples t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson Correlation, and multivariate linear regression.

The prevalence of physical, psychological, sexual, economic and verbal violence in women was11 (6%), 14(7.7%), 18(9.9%), 24(13.2%), and 37(20.3%), respectively. Husband's older age and husband's older age of marriage increased (B=0.14, 95% CI= 0.00 to 0.28) and decreased (B= -1.17, CI= -0.27 to -0.06) verbal violence against women. Illiteracy in spouses reduced physical violence (B=-2.43, CI= -4.58 to -0.27) and sexual violence (B= -1.62, CI= -3.08 to -0.16) and in women, it reduced psychological violence (B=-2.63, CI= -4.81 to -0.45). Spousal smoking reduced physical (B= -0.97, CI= -1.78 to -0.17), psychological (B= -1.17, CI= -2.01 to -0.33), and verbal (B= -1.22, CI= - 1.96 to -0.48) violence; however, women's alcoholism (B= 7.31, CI= 0.27 to 4.43) and having children from a previous marriage of the woman (B= 0.06, CI=0.04 to 1.16) increased physical violence. The highest economic violence was seen in female employees (B= 1.31, CI=0.35 to 2.27). Psychological (B= -4.92, CI= -7.89 to -1.49) and sexual (B= -2.16, CI= - 4.09 to -0.22) violence was less experienced in men's second marriage.

Considering the high prevalence of verbal violence and related factors, conducting the necessary screenings to recognize it in time, teaching communication skills and anger management to husbands seems essential.

In Iranian traditional medicine, Rydingia persica (R.P) is commonly used to treat diabetes mellitus (DM).

We assessed the protective effects of R.P against testis and epididymis oxidative stress and the hormonal changes induced by DM.

Forty male Wistar rats (12 wk old) weighing 230-270 gr were divided into five groups (n = 8/each): 1. Control (C); 2. diabetic (D); 3. diabetic + R.P200 (D+R200); 4. diabetic + R.P400 (D+R400); and 5. diabetic + R.P600 (D+R600). Groups C and D received 2 ml of normal saline orally daily for two wk and groups D+R200, D+R400, and D+R600 received 200, 400, and 600 mg/kg body weight of R.P powder, respectively, orally daily for two wk. DM was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin at 60 mg/kg body weight. We assessed malondialdehyde, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, hydrogen peroxide, and glutathione in both the testis and epididymis and also the histological changes of the testis.

Diabetic rats showed a significantly increased and decreased level of oxidant and antioxidant factors, respectively, and a significantly lower level of serum testosterone and luteinizing hormone than the control group. In the histological study of the testis, deteriorations were observed. Treatment with R.P reversed these changes toward the state of the control group with the highest effectiveness shown by group D+R600.

The data obtained suggest that R.P powder has antioxidant effects on testis and epididymis tissues in diabetic rats and that it improves histological testicular structure in diabetics. It can also correct testosterone and luteinizing hormone changes induced by DM.

This investigation examines empirical knowledge about the effect of stress oxidative and the advantageous and harmful role of produced antioxidants on animal reproduction in both sexes. An antioxidant treatment is impressive in barricade stress oxidative. Although many improvements have been made regarding use of antioxidants to reduce oxidative stress, there are still debatable issues. Since many studies on the use of plant extracts containing antioxidants showed inappropriate results in a variety of identical animal species, the plant-produced antioxidants may have beneficial or harmful effects on reproduction of animals, including spermatogenesis sperm and ovary tumors, ovulation cycles, fetal growth, and pregnancy. Accordingly, achieving accurate results requires more studies.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disease of the central nervous system. Most women with MS are diagnosed during their reproductive ages. The aim of this study was to evaluate the interaction between fertility, pregnancy, and MS.

A retrospective descriptive–analytic study was conducted on 110 women suffering from MS with a history of pregnancy (between 2007 and 2017 years) in Isfahan, Iran. Samples were selected in a census model. Women completed a researcher-constructed questionnaire by telephone. The questionnaire consisted of three parts: demographic information, MS and its symptoms and treatment, and reproductive system and the history of pregnancy associated with MS. The data were analyzed by SPSS software version 16 using Chi-square, ANOVA, and t-test.

The mean age of women was 32.4 years. In this population, the average number of pregnancies was 1.61, the number of deliveries was 1.35, the number of abortions was 0.24, the history of ectopic pregnancy was 0.01, the number of alive children was 1.36, and the number of dead children was 0.01. The average time of the last MS attack before the pregnancy was 21.36 months. Fatigue (24.5%) was the most common symptom exacerbated during pregnancy. MS symptoms improved in 55.0% of women in the second trimester.

MS had no effect on the pregnancy status, such as the number of abortions, ectopic pregnancy, alive and dead children, and the duration of pregnancy. Symptoms of the disease improved during pregnancy. Therefore, pregnancy has a protective role against MS.

Biological alterations throughout the lives of women make them highly vulnerable compared to men. Thus, being empowered to make better reproductive decisions is an important and valuable aspect of women’s lives. One of the Millennium Development Goals was women’s empowerment. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between marital satisfaction and women’s empowerment in progenitive decision-making.

This explanatory correlational study was conducted on 400 women who had referred to medical centers associated to Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Data were collected using a questionnaire encompassing the participants’ demographic information, the indices of marital satisfaction and women’s empowerment in reproductive decisions. The gathered data were evaluated via the SPSS software version 21.0.

The results indicated that there was a significant relationship between female marital satisfaction and relevant reproductive empowerment (r = 0.34; P < 0.05). Based on the results, the participants also showed an average level of progenitive empowerment.

In general, women’s empowerment and relevant progenitive decision-makings are defined in relation to their marital satisfaction; hence both fields require undivided attention

In Iran the growing concern over low reproductive rates has led to alterations in demographic policies over recent years. The literature is indicative of different effects of women’s employment and religiosity on their reproductive performance.

Present study aimed to Comprise religious orientation and reproductive performance of employment and non-employment women.

This cross sectional study was conducted on 360 unemployed and employed women in healthcare centers affiliated to Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences and in schools of selected districts of Ministry of Education in Tehran, 2015. A questionnaire including: demographic characteristics, religious orientation and reproductive performance were utilized for data collection.

The Mean±SD number of children for unemployed women was 1.29±0.75, for women working at schools 1.68±0.71 and those working in healthcare centers was 1.08± 0.84 (p=0.001). The mean ideal number of children for women working at schools was significantly higher than that of unemployed women and employed women in healthcare centers and hospitals(p=0.001). The level of gender preference for a male child in the housewife group 21.7%(39) was higher than that of the employed groups and the majority of employed women in Ministry of Health 61.1%(55) and Ministry of Education 70%(63) had no gender preferences. Intention for childbearing in unemployed women 43.3%(78) was higher than in the employed ones. Religious orientation had significant and positive correlation with the number of children (p=0.01, r =0.13).

Women’s employment is associated with their religious orientation and reproductive performance. This research took steps to identify the factors affecting the success of demographic policies.

Nitrosamines as a carcinogenic agent has unfavorable effects on some of the male reproductive parameters. Pentoxifylline (PX) is a xanthine derivative used as a drug inhibiting the inflammatory factors, reducing blood viscosity, improving peripheral blood flow, and so on.

The aim of the present study is to evaluate the effects of PX against Dimethyl nitrosamine (DMN)-inducing the damage to the reproductive parameter of male rats.

In this experimental study, 48 male Wistar rats (8 wk, 220-250 gr) were randomly assigned to eight groups (n = 6/each): normal control and DMN control groups (40 mg/kg); PX groups (25, 50, 100 mg/kg), and DMN + PX groups (25, 50, 100 mg/kg). Treatments were administered intraperitoneally and the gavage applied daily for 28 days. The sperm parameters, spermatogenesis index, total antioxidant capacity, testosterone level, and seminiferous tube diameter were assessed.

The values of all parameters reduced significantly in the DMN control group compared to the normal control group (p < 0.001). The PX and PX + DMN treatments at all entirely doses improved all parameters significantly compared to the DMN control group (p < 0.001).

DMN caused detrimental effects on reproductive parameters. Also, no significant modifications were observed in PX treatments at all doses compared to the normal control group. PX compensated the toxic effect of DMN on reproductive parameters.

Manganese Dioxide (MnO2) has long been used in industry, and its application has recently been increasing in the form of nanoparticle.

The present study was an attempt to assess the effects of MnO2 nanoparticles on spermatogenesis in male rats.

Micro- and nanoparticles of MnO2 were injected (100 mg/kg) subcutaneously to male Wistar rats (150 ± 20 gr) once a week for a period of 4 weeks, and the vehicle group received only normal saline (each group included 8 rats). The effect of these particles on the bodyweight, number of sperms, spermatogonia, spermatocytes, diameter of seminiferous tubes, testosterone, estrogen, follicle stimulating factor, and the motility of sperms were evaluated and then compared among the control and vehicle groups as the criteria for spermatogenesis.

The results showed that a chronic injection of MnO2 nanoparticles caused a significant decrease in the number of sperms, spermatogonia, spermatocytes, diameter of seminiferous tubes (p < 0.001) and in the motility of sperms. However, no significant difference was observed in the weight of prostate, epididymis, left testicle, estradiol (p = 0.8) and testosterone hormone (p = 0.2).

It seems that the high oxidative power of both particles was the main reason for the disturbances in the function of the testis. It is also concluded that these particles may have a potential reproductive toxicity in adult male rats. Further studies are thus needed to determine its mechanism of action upon spermatogenesis.