جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "rifampicin" در نشریات گروه "پزشکی"

Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the most common infectious diseases in the world and requires novel medications or existing ones should be improved.  Nanotechnology is a modern science that helps to avoid adverse reactions and resistance to drugs. The current regimen for standard therapy calls for routine administration of medications over six months. Since the noncompliance of patients and the emergence of drug-resistant strains, therapies become more challenging. The objective of the current study was to develop Isoniazid-Rifampicin-loaded (INH-RIF-NPs) nanoparticles to improve release properties and drug encapsulation efficiency.

Box-Behnken Design (BBD) was used for optimizing the nanoparticles. Eudragit was used in the preparations in varying concentrations (1-2% w/v). The compatibility of the drug and excipients was shown. The existence of the nanoparticles was confirmed by the analytical results of the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). 

The optimized nanoparticles showed no drug-polymer interaction. The mean size of the INH-RIF-NPs was around 112±8.73 nm, and they were sphere-like, smooth, fairly uniform in size, and well-dispersed, and entrapment efficiencies were high at 98.7±0.68%. Drug release was slow and sustained with 66.91% INH cumulative release and 80.06 of RFP after 24 hr. 

Significant drug uptake with higher encapsulation efficiency, uniform size, good dispersion, and prolonged release characteristics are all present in INH-RIF-NPs. This suggests the existence of a delivery system capable of effectively encapsulating and delivery of combined drug formulation in polymeric nanoparticles.

Antibacterial peptides have a broad antibacterial spectrum and are not affected by classical resistance mechanisms; therefore, they can be used in combination with classic antibiotics to treat multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii infections, making them an alternative for the development of new therapeutic strategies.

This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of combining amphiphilic peptides, specifically C12-prp and mastoparan, with antibiotics in combating A. baumannii clinical isolates.

We investigated combinations that inhibited the growth of A. baumannii clinical isolates, consisting of 24 extensively drug-resistant (XDR) and 11 pan-drug-resistant (PDR) strains collected between January 2004 and December 2014 at Chosun University Hospital using a multiple combination bactericidal test (MCBT). A time-kill study was used to confirm the bactericidal activity and synergism of the four combinations selected via MCBT.

Four combinations (C12-prp-colistin, C12-prp-rifampicin, mastoparan-colistin, and mastoparan-rifampicin) showed 100% (24/24) synergy with XDR A. baumannii strains. However, in the case of the PDR strains, only two combinations, C12-prp-colistin and mastoparan-colistin, showed a 9.1% (1/11) synergy. Moreover, the mastoparan-colistin and mastoparan-rifampicin combinations showed 100% (24/24) bactericidal activity against the XDR A. baumannii strains, whereas the C12-prp-colistin and C12-prp-rifampicin combinations showed 91.7% (22/24) bactericidal activity. None of the combinations showed bactericidal activity against PDR strains.

Our study highlighted the substantial synergistic antibacterial efficacy of C12-prp and mastoparan peptides when combined with colistin or rifampicin. Furthermore, this approach could be a promising alternative for developing new treatment strategies for XDR A. baumannii infections.

 Rifampicin resistant tuberculosis is a serious problem faced by tuberculosis control in China, and rapid detection of rifampicin resistance is urgently needed.

 This study aimed to describe the molecular characteristics and frequency of RNA polymerase β subunit (rpoB) gene mutations in rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (RR-TB) in the Anqing area.

 The rpoB gene fragment was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and all 332 isolates were sequenced for mutations in the rpoB gene. The mutations were obtained by comparing the sequencing results with the MUBII database. In addition, logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between rpoB mutations and rifampicin (RIF) resistance.

 There were 152 males and 42 females in this study, and the mean age was 56.60 ± 17.91 years. Mutations in the rpoB gene were a risk factor for rifampicin resistance (β = 6.19, P < 0.05 OR = 487.33). Among the 19 RR-TB strains, 16 (84.21%) had mutations in the ropB gene, and three (1.71%) of 175 rifampicin-sensitive strains were mutated. The mutation sites of five strains (31.58%) were at the codon 526 and five strains (31.58%) at the codon 531. However, there were two strains at the codon 513 and two strains at the codon 533 (15.79%), and two strains (10.53%) were double mutations.

 The mutation characteristics of the rpoB gene in the Anqing area are complex, and rpoB mutation detection can be used as an indicator to screen drug resistance of RIF.

Rifampicin (RIF)-resistant strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is an important barrier to effective tuberculosis (TB) treatment and prevention. The present study aimed to determine the frequency of RIF-resistant TB among patients with confirmed TB. Pubmed/Medline, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched for relevant articles published between January 1980 and January 2020. We pooled data with random-effects models when appropriate. After screening 1608 citations, 30 studies covering 8215 patients with TB were included. The pooled frequency of RIF-resistance among all patients with TB was 8.0% (95% CI 4.0–12.0). Our sub-group analysis showed that 4.0% of newly diagnosed cases and 36.0% of previously-treated TB patients from different settings in Iran were RIF-resistant. Our study showed that the frequency of RIF-resistance among patients with TB was 8.0%. Programmatic implementation of rapid drug susceptibility testing (DST) such as the Xpert MTB/RIF assay as a primary diagnostic test for persons suspected of having a RIF-resistant TB would be helpful for the control of the drug resistance.

Alzheimer's disease is a type of dementia and there were 50 million individuals have dementia in 2018 worldwide and the cost of dementia care to Medicare and Medicaid is so high (about US$1 trillion) in that year. Recently, several articles show that tuberculosis may be increased the development rate of Alzheimer's disease in these patients. So knowing the probable relationship between these two could be helpful. Also, there is evidence demonstrating that the Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccine and rifampicin as a conventional vaccine and medicine against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections could be used as a promising agent for the prevention and reduce the development of Alzheimer’s disease and other neurodegenerative diseases. According to our knowledge, the present review is the first and only review that assessed the possible relationship between tuberculosis and Alzheimer's disease as well as the possible therapeutic role of rifampicin and BCG vaccine in treatment and prevention of Alzheimer's disease, respectively.

This study compares the effects of two drug regimens for Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection resistant to the first line drug regimen among patients referred to Ilam clinics, Iran. Single drug regimen is not effective for H. pylori infection and therefore, application of triple or quadruple drug regimens are currently applied. This study was performed by a before-after comparative method and patients were randomly selected among those consecutively referred to Ilam gastrointestinal clinics. Patients with failure in the first line treatment, were randomly divided into two equal groups and each group was treated by one of the PPI+Amoxicillin+Rifampicin or PPI+Amoxicillin+Levofloxacin drug regimens for 14 days. Six weeks after treatment, patients were tested for H. pylori stool antigen and the results were compared between two groups. In this study, 100 patients including 49 (49%) men and 51 (51%) women were examined. There was no statistical difference between the two groups for gender, age and living location at the start of study (p = 0.068). The mean age of the patients was 44.55 ±15.1 years old ranging from 17 to 85 years. Response to treatment among the levofloxacin group, was 90% and in rifampicin group 72% with a significant difference (p<0.04). The response rate of H. pylori infection to the Levofloxacin based regimen was 90%; however, the application of rifampicin in combination with other drugs against H. pylori infection (72% response rate), should be limited to reduce the possibility of drug resistance in case of tuberculosis infection.Keywords: Helicobacter pylori, Levofloxacin, Rifampicin, PPI, Drug resistance.(Please cite as: Abangah GH, Raughani A, Asadollahi P, Asadollahi KH. Comparison between the two drug regimens of PPI+Amoxicillin+Rifampicin and PPI+Amoxicillin+ Levofloxacin for the treatment of H. pylori infections resistant to the first line drug regimen among patients referred to Ilam clinics Gastroenterol Hepatol Bed Bench 2019;12(3):209-216).

Enterococci are unusual etiological agents of bacterial meningitis. Meningitis caused by Enterococcus gallinarum, especially those that occur in immunocompetent hosts, is extremely rare. Moreover, community-acquired E. gallinarum meningitis might be extremely unexpected for a clinician and therefore easily misdiagnosed and mistreated.

A 12-year-old boy presented with an acute onset of fever, headache and vomiting. The cerebrospinal fluid culture from lumbar puncture yielded an isolate that was identified as E. gallinarum. The therapeutic regimen was a combination therapy of rifampicin and high-dose intravenous penicillin. One day after starting treatment, the patient became afebrile. A repeated lumber puncture two weeks later showed few white blood cells in the CSF and no bacterial growth.

This case reveals an incident of meningitis caused by E. gallinarum in an immunocompetent host. The combined therapy of rifampicin and high-dose intravenous penicillin might be effective for treatment in such a case.

Brucellosis or Malta fever is a contagious infection common between human and domestic animals. Many antibiotics are used for brucellosis treatment, but they are not efficient and put heavy burden on society. Co-trimoxazole and rifampicin are two candidates for brucellosis treatment. In this study, we aimed to enhance the efficacy of these antibiotics using designed nanoparticles.
Different concentrations of co-trimoxazole and rifampicin were used for loading onto a nanostructure of synthesized monomethoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-oleate (mPEG-OA). The solubility, cytotoxicity, and efficacy of these nano-packed antibiotics on Brucella-infected murine phagocytic cells were examined, as compared with free antibiotics. Then the release nanoparticles was increased approximately 3.5 and 1.5fold, respectively, which is considerable in comparison with free insoluble ones. Despite acceptable loading percentage, the application of co-trimoxazole-loaded nanoparticle on Brucella-infected J774A.1 murine macrophage-like cells did not lead to reduction in the number of bacteria; however, the efficacy of rifampicin on Brucella-infected murine phagocytic cells enhanced.
In the current study, the efficacy of rifampicin on reducing the number of Brucella melitensis increased by the novel synthesized nanostructure. In contrast, since co-trimoxazole efficacy did not enhance by loading onto nanoparticles, the co-trimoxazole inefficiency is most likely not due to its low penetration or insolubility, and probably there are other factors that remain to be clarified in the future investigations.

Tuberculosis is an infectious disease which occurs widely in the world and becomes one of the top 10 causes of death worldwide. Mutations of the RpoB gene cause the resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to rifampicin that contributes to the occurrence of MDR-TB. This study aimed to determine the pattern of rpoB gene polymorphisms in the MDR M. tuberculosis in Semarang, Indonesia. Most mutations occurred at codon Ser531Leu (13 isolates), codon Gln490Lys (7 isolates) and codon 526 (5 isolates). Variations of mutation mostly occurred at codon 526 with 4 variations of nucleotide changes, including His490Leu, His490Cys, His490Ser and His490Tyr. The types of mutation were missense mutations (30 mutations) and silent mutation (1 mutation). The mutations in the rpoB gene of MDR M. tuberculosis isolates in Semarang showed genetic variations that caused high levels of resistance to rifampicin.

Three antituberculosis medications are investigated in this work consist of rifampicin, isoniazid and pyrazinamide. The ultra violet (UV) spectra of these compounds are overlapped, thus use of suitable chemometric methods are helpful for simultaneous spectrophotometric determination of them. A generalized version of net analyte signal standard addition method (GNASSAM) was used for determination of three antituberculosis medications as a model system. In generalized net analyte signal standard addition method only one standard solution was prepared for all analytes. This standard solution contains a mixture of all analytes of interest, and the addition of such solution to sample, causes increases in net analyte signal of each analyte which are proportional to the concentrations of analytes in added standards solution. For determination of concentration of each analyte in some synthetic mixtures, the UV spectra of pure analytes and each sample were recorded in the range of 210 nm-550 nm. The standard addition procedure was performed for each sample and the UV spectrum was recorded after each addition and finally the results were analyzed by net analyte signal method. Obtained concentrations show acceptable performance of GNASSAM in these cases.

Klebsiella pneumoniae is one of the most important gram-negative bacteria causing hospital-acquired infections..
In this report is presented a patient with an abdominal infection caused by carbapenemase producing-Klebsiella pneumonia (K. pneumonia). In spite of administrating the combination therapy, successive resistance to last-resort antimicrobial agents (colistin and tigecycline) was observed. The use of combination therapy, in four successive isolates recovered from this patient, was analyzed by killing curves. The genetic relatedness among the isolates was assessed..
All four isolates were Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC) positive and showed resistance to all β-lactams including carbapenems and to other antimicrobial agents like aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, minocycline and trimetoprim-sulfametoxazol (TMS). Isolates 1 and 2 showed susceptibility to colistin, whereas isolate 3 was colistin-resistant and isolate 4 became tigecycline-resistant as well. Synergy was only observed with colistin plus rifampicin and with the triple combination of colistin, rifampicin and fosfomycin. The four isolates were indistinguishable genotypically. We described the sequential emergence of resistance to colistin and tigecycline in KPC-producing-K. pneumonia (KPC-Kp) isolates that occurred under treatment with these antimicrobial agents despite the use of combination therapy..

The present work investigated the preparation of biodegradable beads with alginate polymer by ionotropic gelation method to improve the control release properties of the antibiotic rifampicin. Ionotropic gelation method was applied to prepare beads using calcium chloride (CaCl2) as cationic component and alginate as an anionic component. In this method, adding 0.5% w/v polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) to sodium alginate (3.0% w/v) and 2% w/v of polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) to the CaCl2 solution were maintained to study the drug-loading and its released characteristics. The results showed that the addition of PVA and PVP significantly improved drug-loading, encapsulation efficiency and release characteristics. This demonstrates that the ionic gelation of alginate molecules offers a flexible and easily controllable process.