جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « salmonella spp » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

The rising foodborne disease outbreaks poses significant challenges to key objectives in food microbiology. This trend is primarily attributed to global population growth and intensified food production. A thorough microbiological assessment of end products is therefore crucial.

We evaluated the bacterial presence and abundance in various dairy products (sour cream, cottage cheese, buttercream, cream cheese, pasteurized milk, protein-rich milk, and yogurt) sourced from a local supermarket in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Two enumeration methods (pour plating and most probable number) were employed alongside morphological, biochemical, and molecular analyses (Gram staining, oxidase test, catalase test, indole test, lipolytic activity assay, and RT-qPCR). Our focus was on spoilage-causing lactic acid bacteria (LAB), hygiene indicator thermotolerant coliforms (TC), and the foodborne pathogen Salmonella spp. 

Six out of seven dairy products harbored high levels of LAB, suggesting potential spoilage, except for cottage cheese. Additionally, both TC and Escherichia coli exceeded acceptable microbial limits, particularly in pasteurized milk. Furthermore, initial tests detected presumptive Salmonella spp. in cream cheese, protein-rich milk, and yogurt.

These results highlight the need for stringent sanitary practices during dairy production to extend product shelf-life and prevent premature spoilage from unwanted bacterial presence. Moreover, eliminating pathogen contamination during manufacturing is crucial to mitigate serious food safety risks, including potential food poisoning.

Salmonella is one of the most leading causes of food-born infection and death among infants and people with the poor immunity system. Because Salmonella spp. have diversity in the genome composition and pathogenicity, access to rapid identification and genotyping is necessary to control of salmonellosis. The CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats) typing is a genotyping method that checks these variable sequences in the bacterial genome in a specific species. This study aimed to differentiate Salmonella strains using CRISPR region.

Salmonella isolates, previously identified via standard microbiological and molecular tests, were subjected to the study. Bacterial DNA was extracted and PCR was done using specific primers. The different PCR products were sequenced and the repeats patterns were used to identify additional or degenerate repeat clusters in the CRISPR region. All different sequences were analyzed using CRISPRtionary tool for dendrogram generation using the binary file.

Overall, 119 strains of various Salmonella serovars were used. The result showed unique CRISPR and diversity in spacer both in sequence and the number. Analysis of the extracted sequence and band patterns illustrated that, except for S. infantis, both S. enteritidis and S. typhimurium isolates were classified as a separate cluster.

CRISPR genotyping could provide serotype/spacers dictionary and it is performed at low cost and high speed in comparison to the other typing methods. Therefore, the assessment of CRISPR and spacer content can be considered as a powerful and practical discriminatory method for subtyping of Salmonella isolates.

Contamination of poultry products by Salmonella spp. is an important issue both in the poultry industry and public health. The present study aimed at molecular detection and typing of Salmonella isolated from poultry products. Moreover, antibiotic resistance patterns and the biofilm formation ability of isolates were determined. Eighty poultry product samples were collected from chicken supply and distribution centers. Salmonella spp. were identified by culture as well as the genus-specific PCR. For serological identification, a slide agglutination test using O grouping polyvalent sera was used. BOXAIR and REP-PCR methods were evaluated for the discrimination of Salmonella isolates at the serotype level. Antibiotic susceptibility testing of serotypes against sixteen antibiotics was performed using the standard Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. The extent of biofilm formation was measured by the Microtiter-plate biofilm formation assay. From a total of 80 samples, 11 Salmonella spp. were identified which were divided into 2 different serotypes belonging to B and A serogroups. BOX repeat-based PCR (BOXAIR-PCR) and Repetitive element-based PCR (REP-PCR) banding results of isolates revealed 7 and 6 reproducible fingerprint patterns, respectively. The highest resistance was observed in response to ampicillin and doxycycline followed by chloramphenicol, sulfamethoxazole, and trimethoprim, neomycin, nalidixic acid. Multidrug resistance was detected in all Salmonella serotypes. Seven isolates possessed the ability to produce biofilm with varied adhesion strength. These results revealed the high and unexpected prevalence of Salmonella spp. in poultry products with multiple antibiotic resistance and biofilm production ability. Also, BOXAIR and REP-PCR results revealed high diversity in serotypes of Salmonella and subsequently indicate variety in the origin of Salmonella spp.

Worldwide, food handlers play a vital role in spreading intestinal infections. Poor personal hygiene and inadequate knowledge of food safety among food handlers working in food-serving establishments would make the food handler a potential source of infection of enteropathogenic bacteria, many intestinal helminths, and protozoa. The purpose of the study was to assess the prevalence of bacteria and intestinal parasites in food handlers working in our institution.

 The study was conducted in the Department of Microbiology, T.S. Misra Medical College & Hospital, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India, and included 100 food handlers working in various institutional sections. The stool samples were collected from all participants and examined by microscopy for intestinal parasites. For detecting Salmonella spp, specimens were cultured on selenite F broth and xylose lysine deoxycholate.

Most food handlers (85%) were 21-25 years old. Twenty-six (26%) of the food handlers had parasitic infections, while bacterial infections were detected in none. The dominant parasite among food handlers was Giardia lamblia, followed by Ascaris lumbricoides.

Food handlers must undergo regular checkups to identify infected employees to safeguard the health of patients, visitors, and health care workers.

Microbial contamination of vended foods is of public health importance due to the potential of becoming a reservoir of foodborne pathogens and resistant strains of bacteria. This study looked at the presence of pathogenic bacteria in a popular Ready-To-Eat (RTE) traditional food, Fufu in Ghana. Sixty (60) Fufu samples were obtained from various food joints categorized as Opened, Semi-closed and Closed or Restaurants. Samples were processed and analyzed using standard bacteriological methods. The susceptibility profiles of the isolates were obtained by using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method with the EUCAST guidelines with the five antibiotics. The prevalence of E. coli was 85% and Salmonella species was 68%. Microbial count of isolated E. coli ranged from 0 to 3×106 cfu/ml. There were no significant differences (p>0.05) among the different modes of operations. Fufu samples from Opened, Semi-closed and Closed joints were respectively contaminated with E. coli and Salmonella species as follows: 92%, 76%; 80%, 60% and 80%, 65%. The Salmonella species showed the highest resistance to erythromycin (58.5%) and E. coli species were commonly resistant to ceftazidime (88.2%) and ceftriaxone (94.1%). All isolates were susceptible to nitrofurantoin. Multidrug resistance was detected among 27.5% of E. coli strains and 14.6% of Salmonella species. Fufu from the different eating joints in the Tamale Metropolis was substantially contaminated with multidrug-resistant pathogens. The study recommends surveillance studies of resistant pathogens in foods, increased education and training of food vendors on sanitation, food handling and safety practices in the Region.

Fresh juices are highly nutritious foods for human beings, but the inability to observe requirements for their preparation, packaging and storage subjects them to microbial contamination which poses a potential health risk to consumers. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the microbiological quality of beverages sold within the cafes of the campuses of Abomey-Calavi University (Benin). A survey carried out among beverage vendors showed that the sources of contamination were uncontrolled and the raw materials used were of questionable quality as the operators lacked good hygienic practices. Thus, the microbial quality of forty-five samples of four types of beverages sold in these cafes was investigated for mesophilic aerobic flora, coliforms, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, sulfate-reducing anaerobic spores, fungal flora and Salmonella spp. using standardized methods. Then, molecular studies identified the pathogenic strains isolated from the beverages. An antibiotic susceptibility test was performed on the strains identified for the detection of multi-resistant bacteria. These analyses revealed a non-compliance rate of 100% in the analyzed samples. The indicators that caused this non-compliance in the samples were mesophilic aerobic flora, coliforms and fungi. In addition, 85.7% of the samples contained other Enterobacteriaceae including Klebsiella pneumoniae, Morganella morganii, Kluyvera georgiana, Citrobacter murliniae, Yersinia intermedia. While the non-compliance rates of the samples for Salmonella spp and E.coli were 4.4% each, the non-compliance rate for S. aureus was 2.2% with the presence of sometimes multi-resistant pathogenic bacteria. Sellers' awareness of good hygiene practices is important for improving the quality of food sold.

Poultry is considered as a major source of human contamination with nontyphoidal Salmonella species. Global concern regarding the emergence and dispersion of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBLs)-producing isolates in broilers has increased during recent years.

This study was proposed to evaluate the prevalence of Salmonella and the associated ESBLs in broilers in Lorestan province of Iran.

Five hundred fresh fecal samples of broilers were phenotypically screened for Salmonella. The isolates were confirmed molecularly using an invA-based polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Confirmatory combination disk method was applied for phenotypic detection of ESBLs among the isolates, followed by molecular identification of blaCTX-M, blaTEM, and blaSHV genes in 3 single PCR assays among positive isolates. Chi-square test in SPSS software was used for the assessment of statistical relationships.

Of the 95 Salmonella isolates detected using routine bacteriological methods, all were confirmed molecularly. They generated the expected 254-bp amplicon. Moreover, 13 isolates were phenotypically recognized as ESBL determinants, among which 9 and 4 harbored blaCTX-M and blaTEM, respectively. No blaSHV and co-existence of the genes were determined.

The threat imposed by dissemination of ESBL-producing non-typhoidal Salmonella spp. isolated from broilers was confirmed in the studied region. Continuous monitoring programs, application of biosecurity measures, and prudent prescription of antibiotics are warranted in order to prevent the introduction or dispersion of the ESBL-producing Salmonella.

Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi, as causative agent of typhoid fever, is one of the most important endemic pathogens. Non-typhoidal Salmonella serovars, including Typhimurium, Infantis, and Enteritidis are amongst the most prevalent serotypes worldwide and in developing areas such as Iran. The aim of this study was to apply a uniplex PCR for rapid detection of Salmonella spp., and a multiplex PCR for the simultaneous detection of the four most common Salmonella serovars in Iran.
Current research was done in 2010 at Molecular Biology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. For detection of Salmonella spp a pair of primers was used to replicate a chromosomal sequence. Four other sets of primers were also designed to amplify the target genes of four Salmonella species including S. typhi, and three non-typhoidal Salmonella spp (S. enteritidis, S. infantis, and S. typhimurium). The assay specificity was investigated by testing 15 different Salmonella serovars and 8 other additional non-Salmonella species.
The Salmonella genus-specific PCR yielded the expected DNA band of 404 bp in all Salmonella spp., strains tested. The uniplex and multiplex PCR assays produced also the expected fragments of 489 bp, 304 bp, 224 bp, and 104 bp for serovars Typhi, Enteritidis, Typhimurium, and Infantis, respectively. Each species-specific primer pair set did not show any cross-reactivity when tested on other Salmonella serovars or other non- but related- Salmonella strains.
Both uniplex and multiplex PCR protocols had a good specificity. They can provide an important tool for the rapid and simultaneous detection and differentiation of the four most prevalent Salmonella serovars in Iran.

Prevention of foodborne pathogens is essential to control infectious diseases; Salmonella spp. is referred to as the most common causative agent of foodborne illnesses.
The current study aimed to determine the prevalence of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica in broiler flocks in Mazandaran province, north of Iran and find the potential risk factors including: age, size of flock, strain, season, vaccination program and use of antibiotics.
From March 2012 to December 2013, a total of 50 flocks were selected in slaughterhouse and 20 cloacal samples were collected from each flock. Every five samples were pooled and investigated for Salmonella spp. using polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
Thirteen flocks out of 50 (26%) were positive for Salmonella species. Chances of Salmonella spp. detection was higher in flocks with lower age (P = 0.41). Increasing flock population was associated with increased chance of Salmonella spp. isolation (P = 0.21). The risk of salmonellosis in broiler flocks was increased when no antibiotics were given to day-old chicks. There was no significant difference (P = 0.30) in the prevalence of salmonellosis among different broiler strains.
In the current study, six risk factors were assessed for Salmonella spp. contamination in broiler flocks. Some of these factors contributed to the risk of salmonellosis in broiler flocks.

Human salmonellosis continues to be a major international problem, in terms of both morbidity and economic losses. The antibiotic resistance of Salmonella is an increasing public health emergency, since infections from resistant bacteria are more difficult and costly to treat..
The aims of the present study were to investigate the isolation of Salmonella spp. with the BACTEC automated system from blood samples during 2008 - 2014 in southern Iran (Shiraz). Detection of subspecies, biogrouping, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing by the disc diffusion and agar dilution methods were performed..
Patients and A total of 19 Salmonella spp. were consecutively isolated using BACTEC from blood samples of patients between 2008 and 2014 in Shiraz, Iran. The isolates were identified as Salmonella, based on biochemical tests embedded in the API-20E system. In order to characterize the biogroups and subspecies, biochemical testing was performed. Susceptibility testing (disc diffusion and agar dilution) and extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) detection were performed according to the clinical and laboratory standards institute (CLSI) guidelines..
Of the total 19 Salmonella spp. isolates recovered by the BACTEC automated system, all belonged to the Salmonella enterica subsp. houtenae. Five isolates (26.5%) were resistant to azithromycin. Six (31.5%) isolates with the disc diffusion method and five (26.3%) with the agar dilution method displayed resistance to nalidixic acid (minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC] > 32 μg/mL). All nalidixic acid-resistant isolates were also ciprofloxacin-sensitive. All isolates were ESBL-negative. Twenty-one percent of isolates were found to be resistant to chloramphenicol (MIC ≥ 32 μg/mL), and 16% were resistant to ampicillin (MIC ≥ 32 μg/mL)..
The results indicate that multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains of Salmonella are increasing in number, and fewer antibiotics may be useful for treating S. enterica infections. Routine investigation and reporting of antibiotic MICs in patients presenting with Salmonella infections is suggested..

Salmonella is an important food-borne pathogen in humans. Strains of Salmonella spp. That producing extended-spectrum β-Lactamases have become a concern in medicine regarding both antimicrobial treatment and infection control program. The objective of this study was to describe the antibiotic susceptibility, ESBL production and determining the prevalence of the blaCTX-M-1 group among clinical isolates of Salmonella spp. A total of 110 Salmonella isolates collected from four Tehran hospitals during May 2012 and April 2013. The specific monovalan Salmonella antisera were used for serogrouping of Salmonella isolates. Antibacterial susceptibility was determined by disk diffusion and ESBL phenotype was confirmed by combination disk method. The blaCTX-M-1 group was identified by PCR with specific primers. The transferability of the blaCTX-1 group was tested by conjugation with broth matting method. The prevalence of Salmonella serogroups consist of 56.4% serogroup D, 13.6 % serogroup C, 10 % serogroup B, and 1.8 % serogroup A and 18.2% other serogroups. Maximal resistance in Salmonella isolates was noticed against trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (63.6%) and nalidixic-acid (47/3%). All isolates were susceptible to imipenem and ciprofloxacin. Four isolates (3.6%) showed ESBLs phenotype. All Salmonella spp. that produce ESBls have blaCTX-1 genes group. A conjugative plasmid containing blaCTX-1 group was found in one Salmonella isolate. This study demonstrates the predominant presence of the gene encoding CTX-M-1 group among ESBLs producing of Salmonella spp. They can transmit to bacteria of this genus or even other genera of enteric bacteria.

To study chlorhexidine digluconate disinfectant effects on planktonic growth and biofilm formation in some bacterial field isolates from animals.. The current study investigated chlorhexidine digluconate effects on planktonic growth and biofilm formation in some field isolates of veterinary bacterial pathogens.. Forty clinical isolates of Escherichia coli, Salmonella serotypes, Staphylococcus. aureus and Streptococcus agalactiae (10 isolates for each) were examined for chlorhexidine digluconate effects on biofilm formation and planktonic growth using microtiter plates. In all of the examined strains in the presence of chlorhexidine digluconate, biofilm development and planktonic growth were affected at the same concentrations of the disinfectant.. Chlorhexidine digluconate inhibited the planktonic growth of different bacterial species at sub-MICs. But they were able to induce biofilm development of the E. coli, Salmonella spp., S. aureus and Str. agalactiae strains.. Bacterial resistance against chlorhexidine is increasing. Sub-MIC doses of chlorhexidine digluconate can stimulate the formation of biofilm strains..

The increasing prevalence of antimicrobial resistance bacteria in meat-producing animals, especially ruminants, represents a major problem for human and veterinary medicine and also could increase the patients'' morbidity and mortality.. The current study aimed to identify the occurrence and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli isolated from slaughtered ruminants in East-Azarbaijan province.. In this study 160 samples (40 sheep, 40 goats and 80 cattle) were examined to isolate the enteric pathogens. The antibiotic resistance was determined by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method using 12 antibiotics.. A total of one hundred and twenty bacteria were obtained and most of these isolates belonged to these following genera: Escherichia coli (25%), Proteus (18.8%), Salmonella spp. (8.8 %), Pseudomonas spp. (7.5%) and Yersinia spp. (6.3%). Eight (57.1%) of 14 Salmonella spp. isolates and 26 (65%) of 40 E. coli isolates showed resistance to more than four antibiotics, called multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR).. Overall, the obtained results emphasize the need for a surveillance and monitoring system to emerge drug resistance in all pathogenic microorganisms in ruminant and other animals.

Salmonella enterica serotypes are one of the most important food borne pathogens and significant public health concerns around the world in humans and other animal species. A total of eighty three epidemiologically unrelated clinical isolates of Salmonella enterica serovars were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Eleven isolates (13.1%) which were resistant to at least 4 groups of antimicrobial agents considered as multidrug resistant (MDR) Salmonella serovars. Emergence of MDR Salmonella serovars demonstrates that antimicrobial selection pressure is widespread in our clinical settings. According to the results of antimicrobial susceptibility testing, Salmonella clinical isolates are more susceptible to fluoroquinolones and third generation cephalosporins and these drugs may be used as drugs of choice to treat Salmonella infections.