جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « small bowel » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

A significant number of frames captured by the wireless capsule endoscopy are involved with varying amounts of bubbles. Whereas different studies have considered bubbles as nonuseful agents due to the fact that they reduce the visualization quality of the small intestine mucosa, this research aims to develop a practical way of assessing the rheological capability of the circular bubbles as a suggestion for future clinical diagnostic purposes.

From the Kvasir‑capsule endoscopy dataset, frames with varying levels of bubble engagements were chosen in two categories based on bubble size. Border reflections are present on the edges of round‑shaped bubbles in their boundaries, and in the frequency domain, high‑frequency bands correspond to these edges in the spatial domain. The first step is about high‑pass filtering of border reflections using wavelet transform (WT) and Differential of Gaussian, and the second step is related to applying the Fast Circlet Transform (FCT) and the Hough transform as circle detection tools on extracted borders and evaluating the distribution and abundance of all bubbles with the variety of radii.

Border’s extraction using WT as a preprocessing approach makes it easier for circle detection tool for better concentration on high‑frequency circular patterns. Consequently, applying FCT with predefined parameters can specify the variety and range of radius and the abundance for all bubbles in an image. The overall discrimination factor (ODF) of 15.01, and 7.1 showing distinct bubble distributions in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The discrimination in ODF from datasets 1–2 suggests a relationship between the rheological properties of bubbles and their coverage area plus their abundance, highlighting the WT and FCT performance in determining bubbles’ distributions for diagnostic objectives.

The implementation of an object-oriented attitude in gastrointestinal analysis makes it intelligible for gastroenterologists to approximate the constituent features of intra-intestinal fluids. this can’t be evaluated until the bubbles are considered as non-useful agents. The obtained results from the datasets proved that the difference between the calculated ODF can be used as an indicator for the quality estimation of intraintestinal fluids’ rheological features like viscosity, which helps gastroenterologists evaluate the quality of patient digestion.

Anomalous congenital band is a very rare cause of intestinal obstructions in newborns. It should be considered as one of the etiologies of acute small bowel obstruction in neonatal period. We report here a retrospective study of three newborns with anomalous congenital bands who underwent surgical intervention between 2015 and 2018. There were 2 girls and 1 boy, aged respectively 1, 27 and 30 days. All the newborns were admitted with clinical diagnosis of acute small bowel obstruction. While band excision was done in all, one case received resection and anastomosis for intestinal necrosis. There are no specific signs that can help make the diagnosis of anomalous congenital band before surgical exploration.

Blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome (BRBNS) is a rare disorder comprised of venous malformation mostly involving the skin and gastrointestinal (GI) tract but can also involve other visceral organs. The most predominant site of GI tract involvement is the small bowel. In patients with GI lesions, treatment depends on the severity of bleeding, and extent of involvement. Conservative therapy with iron supplementation and blood transfusion is appropriate in cases with mild bleeding but in severe cases endoscopic and surgical interventions would be beneficial. Also, medical therapy with sirolimus significantly reduces bleeding. A 20-year-old woman was referred to our hospital after transfusion of six units of packed cell because of several episodes of lower GI bleeding within the past three months in the form of melena and a single episode of hematochezia. Her last hemoglobin level before admission was 10mg/dl. She underwent various unsuccessful investigations since she was eight years old to find the origin of refractory iron deficiency anemia. In upper endoscopy, five bleeding polypoid lesions were discovered in the jejunum. Lesions were excised by snare polypectomy. Over a six-month follow-up period, no signs of lower GI bleeding were noted and the patient had a normal hemoglobin level.

A gluten-free diet is a special type of diet intended for people with gluten intolerance. The introduction of targeted screening into the practice has improved celiac diagnosis, with an increase of newly diagnosed patients who have remained life-long dependents on a gluten-free diet. On the other hand, the gluten-free diet has also been voluntarily adopted by people with other diagnoses, or even healthy individuals. It is expected that in the future, the gluten-free diet’s consumption is set to increase, due to its increased popularity with these populations. In this situation, gluten-free diets have been misinterpreted as a "miracle drug" that is effective on a variety of problems. Here we report on the past and present production and supply of gluten-free products and ultimately about their future position. The medical community will also be confronted with the future problems of people who are dependent on a gluten-free diet and, on the contrary, with the complications arising with the consumers of a gluten-free diet without medical reasons. Compliance to the principles of a gluten-free diet should be maintained, and should not be recommended to healthy persons or persons without relevant reasons.

Aim: The objective of this work was to test the effects of adding dried Chicory root and White lupine food on small bowel morphology and compare it to a standard commercial diet.
Various commercial gluten-free products, gluten-free raw materials and gluten-free plants are this time available on the food market, but there are still not enough information about their effect on the small bowel morphology.
Altogether thirty rabbits were used in this study. The control diet (C) contained common feed components. The first experimental diet (E1) contained (per kg) 60 g of dried chicory roots instead of barley, whereas the second experimental diet (E2) was based on white lupine seeds (cv. Amiga; 120 g per kg diet) instead of the soybean meal used in the control diet. The experiment started when the rabbits were 34-days old and lasted until they were 55-days old. At the end, one jejunal small bowel tissue was sampled, and both the heights and depths of the villi and crypts were measured.
The highest villi were measured in the E1 (598.99 µm) group, mean in the C (590.30 µm) group and the lowest were in the E2 (563.74 µm) group. The most intense mucin villous positivity was observed in the E2 group, followed by the E1 group, and the weakest positivity was found in the visible C group.
Chicory root has practical uses in gluten-free industries.

Mucormycosis is a rare but highly invasive opportunistic fungal infection. Gastrointestinal disease although uncommon is highly fatal. We report a case of jejunal mucormycosis in a 24 year old undernourished female with preceding surgical intervention for acute intestinal obstruction of tubercular etiology. On 8th post-operative day, she developed oozing from suture line, prompting exploratory laparotomy, bowel resection, jejunostomy and ileal mucus fistula. Resected bowel showed one perforation and several areas of impending perforations. Characteristic broad, pauci-septate hyaline, empty looking hyphae with infrequent branching were found transmurally and showing angio-invasion. Local intestinal tissue trauma coupled with her sub-normal immune status permitted this unusual nosocomial infection. Histopathologic demonstration of the fungus in surgical specimens remains cornerstone of diagnosis of mucormycosis in view of its non-specific symptoms, low isolation rates of mycologic culture and lack of other rapid tests.

To evaluate the feasibility and results of using serosal patch of small bowel for repair and replacement of inferior vena cava (IVC) after resection of a part of infra-renal IVC in an animal model, as it may be encountered in extensive tumors of retroperitoneal and trauma patients.
Five healthy sheep of both sexes were prepared. After general anesthesia and laparotomy, a defect with 1 cm width and 4cm length was made on anterior aspect of infra-renal IVC, and then an adjacent loop of small bowel was brought and sutured continuously to cover the defect of IVC as a patch graft. The observation period was two months.
Three of five IVCs were macroscopically patent without stenosis and thrombosis. Pathologic assay revealed complete endothelialization of serosal surface of the patch of small bowel loop. One of IVCs was completely occluded in gross evaluation and fibrous formation in pathologist review. The sheep had no sign of venous hypertension and edema of limbs. One sheep died at the night of first operation due to internal bleeding.
Serosal patch of small bowel is an accessible and feasible alternative in repair and reconstruction of IVC especially when there is restriction for use of prosthetic material in a contaminated space of abdomen.