جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "sodium restriction" در نشریات گروه "پزشکی"

Heart failure is one of the common and significant diseases worldwide, associated with serious outcomes such as mortality and hospitalization. Sodium restriction in patients’ diet is a common intervention in managing this condition. This systematic review examines the impact of sodium restriction on the rate of mortality and hospitalization in heart failure patients.

Through a systematic search, international databases including PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane were searched for relevant articles without time restrictions. The quality of the articles was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. Data were statistically analyzed using a random-effects model and the CMA software version 3.

Six studies with a total sample size of 2450 individuals were included in the analysis. Sodium restriction in the diet did not have a significant impact on mortality among heart failure patients. The odds ratio for mortality in this group was 2.2, with a 95% confidence interval ranging from 0.9 to 5.4. Furthermore, sodium restriction did not have a significant effect on the occurrence of hospitalization due to heart failure (odds ratio 1.2 with a 95% confidence interval of 0.4 to 3.3).

Based on the results of this study, sodium restriction in the diet of heart failure patients did not have a significant impact on the rate of mortality and hospitalization. These findings can assist healthcare professionals and nutritionists in providing better recommendations to patients. Additionally, these results can contribute to significant decision-making in improving the care of heart failure patients.

Thirst distress (TD) is a psychometric consequence of diet therapy and dietary sodium restriction (DSR) in elderly patients with heart failure (HF) and is one of the main reasons for admission of the elderly to hospitals and clinical centers. The aim of the present study was to determine the level of DSR and TD in the elderly with HF.

In this descriptive study, 70 elderly patients admitted to hospitals affiliated with Babol University of Medical Sciences (Iran) were randomly selected. The Thirst Distress Scale in HF patients (TDS-HF) and Dietary Sodium Restriction Questionnaire (DSRQ) were used for data collection. The data were analyzed in SPSS 26 using descriptive statistics.

The mean and standard deviation age of the participants was 69.38±8.32 years. The mean score of TDS and DSR in the elderly with HF was 30.47 ± 5.57, and 60.61 ± 8.7, respectively, indicating TD. There was a significant negative relationship between the duration of the disease and the score of DSR, and the place of residence with the score of TD.

Based on the results, representing TD in the elderly with HF, it is recommended that educational interventions appropriate to age should be used to reduce the psychometric consequences of diet therapy such as TD and to change attitudes towards adherence to DSR in the elderly with HF.

Aim: The aim of this paper is to review studies related to sodium restriction and adherence to this restriction in patients with heart failure.
In the last decade, there has been a dramatic increase in the prevalence and incidence of chronic heart failure. Non-pharmacological and non-surgical therapies in the management of chronic heart failure play an important role, and low sodium intake, by reducing fluid retention, improves symptoms and prevents worsening of the disease, but adherence to nutritional regimes is often less than adherence to medications.
We reviewed studies published over the recent 15 years regarding sodium restriction in patients with heart failure. These were searched out through scientific databases, including PubMed and Science Direct by the keywords adherence, chronic heart failure, low-sodium diet, sodium restriction, low salt diet and their Persian equivalents.
Findings: In the reviewed studies, sodium intake assay and patient's adherence to sodium restriction were different. Although sodium restriction is known as the basic management of heart failure, butthere are not consensus about its usefulness. It was also found that there is no specific guidelines for sodium restriction in heart failure, and that a small percentage of patients follow sodium restriction. Few studies have been conducted regarding related factors of adherence to the sodium restriction diet in patients with heart failure. Also, non-pharmacological methods including education and counseling have not been successful in improving patients’ adherence.
Further research with higher methodological quality, larger sample size and the use of appropriate and accurate approach to measure sodium intake is needed. To achieve a sodium restriction diet is possible, but difficult. Although, there is no consensus on the exact amount of the reduction of daily sodium intake, but seems that reduction in sodium intake can improve symptoms and quality of life in patients with heart failure. Theory-based and family-based interventions may be able to help improving patients’ adherence to sodium restriction diet, although more studies are essential to be conducted.