جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « sport activities » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

The immune etiology is complex and it can affect both arms of the immune system and lead to poor vaccination response, increased infection rate and malignancy in the elderly. Regular exercise activity has been associated with increased immune function and it may be useful as a simple lifestyle intervention to counteract the damaging effects of the immune system. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the physiological effects of exercise on changes in each component of the innate and acquired immune system during old age.

In the present study, by examining the databases of Pupmed, SID, Google Scholar, Springer, studies related to the effect of exercise on the immune system of the elderly were selected. The contents of the articles were summarized and reported.

Some of the positive effects of exercise on the elderly included increased response to vaccination, decreased circulatory inflammatory mediators, increased phagocytic activity of neutrophils, less inflammatory responses to bacteria, decreased aging old T cells, increased T cell proliferation, reduced number of circulating monocytes, increased function of Tregs, increased number of anti-inflammatory Tregs and increased telomere length of leukocytes.

Taken together, these findings suggested that exercise regulated the immune system and may delay the onset of immunosenescence. Moreover, exercise-training studies on "unhealthy" individuals such as cancer survivors as well as obese and HIV-positive people reported the positive effects of exercise on healthy. Therefore, exercise may help reduce immunosenescence in people who are at risk.

Elderly age is an evolutionary stage and one of the most important periods of life for every human, and exercise plays an important role in the physical and mental health of elderly people. According to the importance of the subject, the aim of this study is identification of strategies for promoting the health of elderly with sporting activities. This qualitative study was carried out based on content analysis method. The participants were selected via purposive sampling method. The data collection tool was a semi-structured interview. Researcher reached theoretical saturation after 12 interviews with the elderly and 16 interviews with the key informants. After collecting data, qualitative content analysis method was used for its analysis. 10 themes and 21 subthemes were emerged from data analysis. The themes included establishment of an elderly sports organization, codify a strategic and operational program for the development of older sports, Setting up elder sport rules, Development of places and sports spaces for elders, providing expert human resources, establishing a research and development unit for elderly sports, development of advertising, development and improvement of service quality, development of the culture of aging sports, development of budget for the elderly sports. The results of the study identified ten strategies for improving the health of the elderly with sports activities. According to the findings, it is suggested that managers while planning the promotion of elderly people’s health, considere achieved strategies.

Disability in human societies dates back to the history of humanity and the extent of disability in the world is irrefutable. According to a report published by the World Health Organization, about 1.5% of the world's population is disabled. The existence of millions of disabled people around the world has raised the issue of disability as a global issue and the issue of human rights of people with disabilities is one of the greatest challenges of today's societies. Therefore, the rights of disabled people have been attentive to the United Nations and other international organizations over a long period of time. The UN General Assembly, in its most important step in 2006, approved the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and its related optional protocol. The purpose of this Convention is to protect the rights of persons with disabilities from all human rights and fundamental freedoms and to promote respect for their inherent dignity. One of the basic rights of persons with disabilities is the right to participate in sports activities. Because the participation of the disabled in sports activities has increased the level of happiness, self-confidence, independence, socialization and life expectancy. The aim of this survey was to investigate environmental barriers to participation in physical activity through a legal perspective. The research was practical in purpose and data collection method was descriptive – survey. The study population of this study includes all physically and mentally handicapped people in Golestan province, of whom 173 individuals were selected through random sampling. The research instruments for were a questionnaire designed by Poorrnjbar (1393), Zebardast (1395), Text Convention on the Rights of Disabled Persons (Jan Ghorban & Zare, 1390) and other specialized texts, whose validity was confirmed by the professors. The internal consistency of the questionnaire was obtained by using the Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the whole questionnaire (alpha = 0.87). The Friedman test, t test and Pearson  correlation coefficient were used to test the research hypotheses.  Statistical Package for Social Sciences Software (version 21) was used to analyze the data. Research findings on the description and prioritization of the average rating among types of activities of the disabled persons in leisure time showed that participation in sports activities was among the lowest rank. Among the 18 indicators of the legal status of the disabled, the only 3 indicators, namely, "the right to education and equal opportunity at all levels and in the form of lifelong learning, respect for the inherent dignity and individual autonomy, enjoying the right to liberty and individual security equal to others" from the perspective of the disabled persons were found to be desirable. Also, there is a negative and significant relationship between the level of activity of the disabled and each of the barriers at the 99% confidence level; From the strongest to the weakest severity of the relationship with the degree of participation of persons with disabilities, respectively, are the "economic", "sports facilities and facilities", "social protection", "information and advertising", "access to the gym and playgrounds", "management and program" "And "mental and physical barriers". According to the findings of this research, economic and social support is one of the effective factors in increasing the participation of the disabled persons in sports activities.

This study was conducted to identify deterrents to women's participation in sport activities in Alborz Province, Iran.
This was a descriptive field study. The statistical population was all the working women in Alborz province, Iran, approximately 100000, from among whom a random sample of 384 was drawn based on Morgan table. A standard questionnaire designed with 31 5-choice items, whose reliability had been determined (Cronbach Alpha coefficient 90%), was used for gathering data. The deterrent factors for participation of the women in sports were determined in six areas, namely, cultural and social; economic; specialist manpower; family attitude; equipment and facilities; media and advertisement. The descriptive demographic data on the subjects (age, educational field, etc.) were first analyzed using the SPSS software, followed by nonparametric analysis using the Friedman and Kruskal- Wallis tests to prioritize questionnaire items as well as compare priorities in various age groups.
Organizational life creates mental pressure, stress and tiredness in the work environment. Furthermore, women working in an organization are faced with restrictions in many areas, especially as regards participation in sport activities and programs. The resulting immobility among girls and women would mean physical and mental health deprivation, as well as unhappiness and low work efficiency, of an important segment of the society, which would lead to irreparable damage to the whole society.
Based on the findings it can be concluded that the most important deterrent factors for participation of working women in sport activities in Alborz Province are economic factors and equipment and facilities. Family attitude was found to be the least important deterrent.