جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « temperatures » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

While messenger Ribonucleic Acid (mRNA) can be used to identify the type of body fluid, its degradation can also indicate the time interval since it was deposited. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of temperature on the estimation of the age of human semen stains using mRNA deposited on porous versus non-porous surfaces at different time intervals.

Ten semen samples were applied on two different media (glass and cotton) and exposed to three different temperatures (4°C, room temperature, 40°C) and examined at three-time intervals (0, 45, and 90 days). The semen-specific mRNA markers protamine 1 (PRM1) and protamine 2 (PRM2) were quantitatively assessed along with a reference gene, beta-actin, using a reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction.

Mean Cq values of mRNA markers (PRM1 and PRM2) and the reference gene (beta-actin) increased with time of storage at different temperatures in both examined media. The mean quantification cycle (Cq) values of PRM2 were lower than PRM1, indicating that the levels of PRM2 marker in semen stain were higher than those of PRM1 marker. However, the mean Cq values of PRM2 at each time interval were not significantly different between temperatures, while PRM1 showed statistically significant differences in mean Cq values between temperatures at day 45 in both media.

These results indicate that PRM2 can act as a reliable mRNA marker to estimate the time of deposition of semen stain at different temperatures on two different media.

A hand-held portable direct-reading monitor, including photoionization detector (PID) is renowned for its good sensitivity, considerable dynamic range, and nondestructive vapor detection ability in comparison to the tardy response of the PID in gas chromatography (GC), which its application has been restricted. In this study, the performance of a PID system (MultiRAE Lite) was evaluated as a replacement of GC in the measurement of toluene in a dynamic adsorption system.

The test was done at different relative humidity levels (30%, 50%, and 80%), temperatures (21, 30, 40°C), and toluene concentrations (20, 100, 200, and 400 ppm).

The PID achieved 48% of all measurements meeting the comparison criterion. The results showed that the performance of the PID could be altered by the variables. The best performance of the PID was at temperature of 21°C, the relative humidity of 50%, and concentration of 200 ppm with the percentage of readings achieving the criterion of comparison to 58%, 54%, and 52%, respectively. The averages of the PID readings (mean ± SD at 200 ppm= 207.9 ± 8.7) were higher than the reference method measurements averages (mean ± SD at 200 ppm= 203.5 ± 5.8). The regression analysis of the toluene results from the PID and the reference method results indicated that the measurements were significantly correlated (r2 = 0.93).

According to the results, the device response is linear. Therefore, the findings are acceptable in adsorption studies. In this way, the measurement of the sample concentration should be performed using the same instrument before and after the reactor in order to calculate the adsorption efficiency.

The climate of a conurbation is of great importance, in particular for public health and to provide good environment. Town planning should take into account how it can influence microclimate, especially in view of pollutant emissions by internal combustion engines. The objective of this study was to know the role and behaviour of green spaces in major cities on climate and air pollution. This article provides case studies of the effect of urban parklands on temperature, humidity and pollution, based on a series of formal measurements. Analysis of climatic data has found that gardens and parklands are responsible for significant precipitation. In this study, the present examples, which represent the most frequent cases found during the campaign measures, conform to this pattern. The influence of different types of gardens on temperature, humidity, wind, precipitation and the distribution of air pollution are presented. The results clearly showed the important role of parklands in urban areas. The parklands decreasing temperatures promote the reduction of urban heat island. Such green spaces, gardens and even squares are the least polluted places in a town. Breezes generated by the parklands repel and disperse pollutants, generally issue from traffic cars. Green spaces and gardens contribute significantly to improving the microclimate and reducing the rate of pollution in the city. Therefore, the parklands are the lungs of the city. The parkland should be the most important developments in the city of tomorrow.