جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « unplanned pregnancy » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Unplanned pregnancy is a public health problem that affects maternal and child health, including maternal death, abortion, and low birth weight. Consequently, the government established family planning for action to prevent and reduce the health problems for most disadvantaged women.

This study was to investigate the determinant factors of unplanned pregnancy among pregnant women in Ethiopia.

A Population based cross-sectional study was conducted from Ethiopian 2016 demographic healthsurvey data. A total of 3894 pregnant women were in clude dinthestudy and thesam pleswer eselected troughm ultistage stratified cluster sampling.Uni-variate and multiple logistic regression analysis was used toidentify factors associated with an unplanned pregnancy. Variables with p-value < 0.05 were identified assignificantfactors.

Among 3894 study pregnant, 31.05% of pregnancies was unplanned. The analysis result revealed that women whose age ≤ 30 years [AOR = 5.42, 95 % CI=2.38 - 12.34], women in rural [AOR=1.11, 95% CI=1.03 - 2.39], illiterate women [AOR=2.3,95% CI=2.02 - 4.09], women drinks alcohol [AOR=1.45,95% CI=1.31- 1.67], smoker women [AOR= 1.52, 95% CI 1.49 - 2.65 ],women chewing chat[AOR=1.66, 95% CI=1.66 1.18 - 2.33], unemployed women[AOR = 4.97, 95%CI=1.31-12.38] , poor economic level [AOR=8.42,95%CI=5.87- 14.39] and none-user contraceptive methods [AOR=1.7, 95% CI=1.14 – 3.87] were found to be associated with unplanned pregnancy(p < 0.05).

The prevalence of unplanned pregnancy in the study area was 32.05%. The findings suggest that certain groups of women are at increased risk of unplanned pregnancy and would benefit from targeted family planning interventions

Happiness is among the factors that promote mental health in mothers with unplanned pregnancy. The present study aimed to determine the impact of attachment skills training on happiness among women with unplanned pregnancy.

This clinical trial was conducted on 84 women with unplanned pregnancy referred to three prenatal clinics in Shiraz in 2018. The participants were randomly divided into an intervention group and a control group using permutation block. At first, the participants were requested to sign written informed consent form, demographic information form, and mental health questionnaire. Then, they were asked to complete Oxford Happiness Questionnaire and Cranley’s Maternal-Fetal Attachment Scale. The intervention group received attachment training through six 90-min sessions, while the control group underwent the hospital’s routine care. The two groups were required to fill out the study questionnaires once more after 4 weeks after the intervention. After all, the data were analyzed using Chi-square test, Fisher’s exact test, independent t-test, and ANOVA.

There was a significant difference between the two groups’ pretest and posttest mean scores of happiness (P = 0.0001). The results showed that in the experimental group, pretraining and posttraining period mean scores were 89.64 (7.2) and 93.13 (6.09), respectively; while in the control group, pretraining and posttraining period mean scores were, respectively, 91.69 (9.96) and 91 (8.82). The difference between the two groups was statistically significant. No significant relationship was observed between happiness and the couples’ occupations, number of pregnancies, and number of miscarriages in the two groups (P > 0.05).

The mean score of happiness increased after the training, being significantly different from that in the control group. Therefore, happiness is a changeable feature that can be promoted among pregnant women via interventional methods.

Context: The high incidence of unplanned pregnancy among adolescents is a significant public health issue contributing to maternal and child mortality. This review aimed at identifying risk factors influencing unplanned pregnancy and measures applied by nurses to provide quality healthcare services to rural adolescents. Evidence Acquisition: We conducted a narrative review on risk factors influencing unplanned pregnancy and measures taken by nurses to provide quality healthcare services to adolescents. An ecological model was adopted in guiding the analysis. The data source were the research and review articles published in peer-reviewed journals using PubMed, Science direct, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science. We hired two independent reviewers for data extraction. Initially, the records of 843 articles were assessed, out of which 60 articles met the inclusion and exclusion criteria, hence included in the review. The model recognizes multiple levels of influence on health behaviours, including intrapersonal factors (individual’s educational status, sexual activity and contraceptives use), interpersonal factors (poor parent-adolescent communication, influence of peers and media), organizational factors (sexual and reproductive health (SRH) education and services), contextual factors (socio-cultural norms), and public policy (which provides no accessibility to quality SRH services for adolescents). Youthfriendly SRH education and services were some of the identified Nurses’ roles in preventing unplanned pregnancy among rural adolescents. The review identified five major risk factors influencing unplanned pregnancy among rural adolescents, namely educational level, use of contraceptives, peer influence, quality of sexuality education, and availability of youth-friendly SRH services. Roles of nurses in providing quality healthcare services to rural adolescents for the prevention and management of unplanned pregnancy were discussed.

Maternal confidence is an extremely important factor in playing the mother’s role and her identity formation. Loss of self‑confidence occurs in primiparous women due to the lack of maternal skills. Obtaining the behaviors of maternal role and self‑confidence, the mother provides better care for her child. Hence, the aim of this study was to examine the effect of maternal role training program based on Mercer theory on maternal self‑confidence of primiparous women with unplanned pregnancy.

This clinical trial was performed on 67 primiparous women referring to Mashhad health centers. Individuals were randomly divided into intervention and control groups. A maternal role training program based on Mercer theory was carried out for intervention group (three sessions of group training in the 34th, 35th, and 36th weeks of pregnancy and one individual training session before discharge from the hospital and then, weekly follow‑up over the phone for 4 weeks). The control group received the normal pregnancy care. The research tools were questionnaires of demographic characteristics, London, DASS 21, Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, Parenting Sense of Competence, General Impressions on Infant Temperament Questionnaire, and Six Simple Questions. Maternal self‑confidence was measured before training, 4 weeks after delivery, and 4 months after delivery. Data analysis was carried out using independent t‑test, Chi‑square test, paired t‑test, Mann–Whitney test, one‑way ANOVA, and Wilcoxon test. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

There was a significant difference between mean maternal self‑confidence changes (before training and 4 weeks after delivery (P = 0.003) and before training and 4 months after delivery (P = 0.001) in both groups. After eliminating the effect of interventional variables, the mean scores of maternal self‑confidence after training in the intervention group had a statistically significant difference with that in the control group (P = 0.001).

Maternal role training program based on Mercer theory increases maternal self‑confidence in primiparous women with unplanned pregnancy. Teaching maternal role is recommended to all health‑care providers.

Many women experience unplanned pregnancies in their life and have to make a critical decision whether to abort or continue with the pregnancy. The present study aimed to assess the factors affecting the decision about unplanned pregnancies. The present prospective study was conducted on 230 women with unplanned pregnancy who were selected through sequential sampling, including 80 women who had decided to abort and 150 who had decided to continue with their unplanned pregnancy, and referred to health complexes and centers, and obstetrics and midwifery offices in Tabriz, Iran, in 2017. Data were collected through perceived threats, support, and beliefs and values questionnaires and analyzed using the t-test and the logistic regression with a hierarchical modeling strategy. According to the results, the mean scores of perceived threats (40.02±5.5), perceived support (23.09±2.8), and beliefs and values (18.12±3.2) were significantly higher in the abortion group compared to the continuation group (19±3.3, 21.04±3.05 and 11.2±4.3; P < 0.001). The results of the hierarchical modeling strategy showed that the perceived threats of the continuation of pregnancy had the greatest predictive power over the decision to abort (β=1.12; 95% CI: 1.08-1.17; P < 0.001). The results of this study showed that women’s decision about the outcome of unplanned pregnancy is potentially affected by three groups of reasons, including perceived threats, support, and beliefs and values. Indeed, understanding these factors provides a broad picture of the situations affecting women’s decision-making. The findings of this study suggest the need for planning and implementing counseling interventions based on the abovementioned factors, especially identifying perceived threats and providing appropriate strategies to remove these threats in women who have to make such critical decision in their life.

The present study aimed at comparing the physical health and maternal-fetal attachment in the women with planned and unplanned pregnancies.
This was a descriptive-comparative study including 300 pregnant women (165 planned and 135 unplanned pregnancies) with mean age of 29.8±5.8 (age range of 16-50 years old) who had referred to the prenatal clinic of a hospital from September to October, 2016. The maternal–fetal attachment was analyzed using frequency distribution of attachment scores which did not follow the normal distribution of the subscale totally and specifically. Therefore, to compare the scores of the 2 groups, non-parametric tests were used. To calculate the percentage of physical health of the groups, proprietary test was used.
Unplanned pregnancy was assumed as a predictor of physical health because it made women susceptible to health complications (poor health) 5.42 times more than other variables. In 2 groups of the women with planned and unplanned pregnancies, the attachment score was significantly different between the planned and unplanned pregnancy groups.
Unplanned pregnancy makes less maternal-fetal attachment and causes insufficient care as well as insufficient nutrition during pregnancy which in turn leads to unhealthy status in mother and child. Hence, to tackle this problem, reproductive health counseling, education, encouragement and problem-solving in various fields including psychological support of mothers in prenatal care and acceptance of parental role are recommended.

Despite the progress of family planning programs, a significant proportion of pregnancies are still unplanned which threatens the different dimensions of community health. Unplanned pregnancy affects parent's-child association. Maternal-fetal attachment provides a model for the child's mental-social function at present and in the future.
This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of unplanned pregnancy and related factors of maternal-fetal attachment in pregnant women referring to Zanjan health centers in 2017.
This descriptive correlational study was part of a clinical trial that was performed on 184 pregnant women who referred to health centers for routine prenatal care from October to February 2017 in Zanjan, Iran. Using multi-stage sampling method, health centers of Zanjan were divided into three categories based on social and economic situation. Then, from each category, three centers were selected, randomly. The inclusion criteria comprised being pregnant, satisfaction to participate in the study, have at least reading and writing skills, lack of the history of obstetric complications, psychological disease and medicine use, lack of known psychological disease, lack of narcotic substances abuse, and living in Zanjan City. Data collection tool included demographic checklists and maternal-fetal attachment questionnaire, which completed in self-report method. The data of this study were analyzed by appropriate statistical tests by SPSS v.16 software.
Among the participants 58.2% of women had planned pregnancy, 36.4% had unplanned pregnancy, and 5.4% had unwanted pregnancy. Maternal-fetal attachment scores were significantly higher in the planned pregnancy group 84(75-93) than the unplanned pregnancy group 57(54-60) and unwanted pregnancy group 56(48-64) (P˂0.001). The highest sub-scale in the planned pregnancy group was related to the attributing characteristics and intentions. Also, the most subscale in unplanned and unwanted pregnancies related to giving of self. There was a significant relationship between age, education, socioeconomic level, number of pregnancies, number of children and contraceptive method with type of pregnancy (P˂0.001).
Based on the results of the study, it seems that reduction in unplanned pregnancy will enhance the maternal-fetal attachment and will improve the mother role and social-psychological health of the child.

Pregnancy and labor is a natural process in human life which may be accompanied with challenges. Postpartum depression (PPD) is a common type of depression. Thus, the present study was conducted to determine the frequency of PPD and its possible risk factors in mothers referred to health centers in Rafsanjan, Iran, in 2015.
The present descriptive study was performed on 250 women who had given birth in the previous 2-6 months and had referred to health centers in Rafsanjan for various care services in 2015. The subjects were randomly selected and entered into the study. The data collection tools consisted of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and a demographic characteristics checklist. The collected data were analyzed using chi-square test, t-test, and logistic regression.
Among the participants, 129 (68.5%) mothers had PPD. Of the studied factors, unplanned pregnancy could predicted the incidence of PPD (P = 0.004). No difference was observed between mothers with and without PPD in terms of pregnancy order, delivery method, education level, occupation, history of substance abuse, and previous history of depression.
The prevalence of PPD in Rafsanjan is high. Unplanned pregnancy had a significant relationship with PPD; thus, the related specialists and authorities must plan and take measures in this regard.

The maternal role is one of the most basic and important roles played by women during their lifetime. The process of the maternal role starts during pregnancy and to continue and develop after postpartum with the growth of suckling. However, unplanned pregnancy may jeopardize achieving the maternal role and reduce maternal role satisfaction. Therefore, the researcher conducted the present study to determine the impact of maternal role training program on attainment of role and role satisfaction in nulliparous women with unplanned pregnancy.

 In this clinical trial, the researcher divided 67 nulliparous women with unplanned pregnancies into two groups at random by drawing lots. For the intervention group, in addition to the usual pregnancy care, the researcher conducted 3 group training sessions at weeks 34, 35, and 36 of pregnancy and an individual training session in the 1st day after delivery before release; then, during the next 4 weeks, the researcher made follow‑up phone calls each week. The control group received the usual pregnancy care. The research tools included London questionnaire to measure unplanned pregnancy, Myself‑As‑Mother Scale (SD‑Self), My‑Baby Scale (SD‑Baby), Perceived Competence Scale to measure maternal role attainment, and Parenting Sense of Competence Scale to measure maternal role satisfaction. The researcher measured the maternal role attainment and maternal role satisfaction before training and 4 weeks after delivery. The researcher analyzed the data using SPSS software version 21 and statistical tests such as independent t‑test, Chi‑square, paired sample t‑test, Mann–Whitney, one‑way analysis of variance, and Wilcoxon. The amount of P was supposed to be <0.05.

The mean age of research units was 24.10 ± 4.3. Twenty‑one persons (60%) in the intervention group and ten persons (31.3%) in the control group attained the maternal role (P = 0.019) and changes to achieve the maternal role in intervention group were significantly more than the control group (P = 0.002). Changes in the mean scores of maternal role satisfaction in the intervention group were significantly more than the control group (P = 0.023).

Maternal role training for nulliparous women with unplanned pregnancy during pregnancy and postpartum period can help them in maternal role attainment and maternal role satisfaction.

Introduction and Nulliparous women with unplanned pregnancy experience high levels of anxiety, which may adversely affect maternal-fetal attachment. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to determine the effect of guided imagery on maternal-fetal attachment in nulliparous women with unplanned pregnancy.
In this clinical trial, 67 nulliparous women with unplanned pregnancy were randomly divided into two groups of intervention (n=35) and control (n=32) in 2015. Data collection tools included a demographic form and London, DASS 21, and Cranley's maternal-fetal attachment questionnaires. In the intervention group, one session of guided imagery on maternal role was performed in 34th week of pregnancy in groups of four to seven. Afterwards, guided imagery CDs were given to mothers to be performed at home twice a week for two weeks; the control group only received the routine care. Maternal-fetal attachment was assessed before and two weeks after the intervention. To analyze the data, independent t-test, paired t-test, Chi-squared, Fisher’s exact test, and Mann-Whitney U tests were run using SPSS version 21.
Maternal mean age was 24.1±4.3 years, and most mothers (49.3%) had high school education. Mean score of maternal-fetal attachment was significantly different between the intervention (94.26±6.7) and control (90.22 ± 9.5) groups after the intervention (P=0.04). Also, there was a significant difference between mean score of maternal-fetal attachment at the beginning and end of the intervention in the intervention and control groups (5.86±7.2 vs. 1.72±3.2; P=0.004).
Guided imagery promoted maternal-fetal attachment in women with unplanned pregnancy; thus, it is recommended to use this method in prenatal care for these women.

Literatures that focus on the risk factors of unintended pregnancy among married women are limited especially in developing countries. The aim of this study was to determine the predictors of unintended pregnancy in a west region of Iran. This case-control study was conducted from September to November 2011 in Hamadan City, western Iran. A stratified cluster random sampling method was used for data collection. All participants were enrolled voluntarily into the study including 181 cases and 391 controls. Cases were married women with unintended pregnancy. Controls were married women with planned pregnancy. Of 572 participants, 31 (5.4%) women had not used any methods of contraception prior to the recent pregnancy. The proportion of using ineffective contraceptive methods such as withdrawal was higher in cases than in controls. The most effective predictor of unintended pregnancy was the number of previous alive children so that the risk of unplanned pregnancy increased 3.68 per one child (P<0.001). This study introduced several effective predictors for unintended pregnancy among married women which may be useful for family planning programs. The high-risk population should be strongly advised to use highly effective contraceptive methods such as tubal ligation, vasectomy or OCP provided that being used correctly.

To ascertain the unmet needs of family planning & identify the practice of family planning among the urban to rural migrated slum dwellers. A cross-sectional descriptive study was done randomly among selected 600 slum dwellers residing in two selected slums of Dhaka city. Data collected by face to face interview using pretested semi structured questionnaire. Among the respondents 87.7% of were females, illiterate was 60% and most (79.9%) of the houses were katcha and (37.3%) of the families had 5-7 persons in each family. Most families (70%) had monthly income of less than 5000 (app.US$70) taka per month. Majority (89.3%) of the families lived in the villages before coming to Dhaka. About 31.34% were living in present slum for 5-10 years and 80% came for search for better work. It was also found that 33.7% of the couples were not using any contraceptive method. About 29% of these couples did not mention any specific cause for not using family planning method. Only 3.5% of the respondents said of any sort of difficulty in collecting contraceptives and the main difficulty was shyness. As regards knowledge of above consequence of not using contraceptive method 97.7% opined that it would cause unplanned pregnancy, which indicated their awareness towards family planning. The study found that the respondents were aware about the needs of family planning but a great number of them were not using any contraceptive method without any specific reason. Some behavior change communication activities can be run within these areas to bring them under the family planning methods which eventually enhance the population control activity of the country.