جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « urine culture » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Group B streptococcus leads to the most common aggressive bacterial infection and has the highest morbidity and mortality in infants in the first trimester of life. So based on this importance, in this study we aimed to evaluate the prevalence of group B streptococcal (GBS) positive rectovaginal culture in pregnant women with membrane rupture . This prospective cohort study was conducted from 2018 to 2019 in Alzahra and Beheshti hospitals in Isfahan on 312 pregnant women with membrane rupture. The culture of the rectovaginal for GBS was performed, and specimens were evaluated for Streptococcus group B and considered positive or negative. Finally, maternal information and the results of cultures were analyzed, and the correlation between positive rectovaginal cultures and other information was evaluated. The patients were divided into two groups of positive and negative rectovaginal cultures for GBS; there were 22 cases of positive rectovaginal cultures for GBS. No significant differences were observed between the two groups based on age, pregnancy age, abortion history, history of neonatal sepsis, antibiotic usage in pregnancy, interval between admission and delivery, interval between PROM and admission, and neonatal admission in the NICU (p >0.05). 9 cases with positive urine culture and 13 cases with negative urine culture had positive rectovaginal culture for GBS, so there was a significant relationship between rectovaginal culture for GBS and urine culture for GBS (p = 0.001) . Positive rectovaginal culture for GBS is an important risk factor for the mother with PROM and also it can beassociated with the positive urine culture of GBS.

Unexplained neonatal hyperbilirubinemia may be the sole clinical presentation of urinary tract infection (UTI) in newborns. We aimed to determine the potential factors affecting the type of pathogens responsible for UTI in neonatal hyperbilirubinemia.

This cross-sectional study retrospectively evaluated newborns admitted to the neonatal ward of Bandar Abbas Children’s Hospital between 2016 and 2018. Newborns with hyperbilirubinemia and culture-confirmed UTIs were included in the study. The following data were extracted from patients’ medical records: demographics and anthropometrics, type of delivery, newborn feeding, clinical manifestations, urine sampling method, and laboratory test results, including total bilirubin and urine culture.

Of the 96 neonates with hyperbilirubinemia and positive urine culture in this study, 63 (65.6%) were male. Their mean age was 13.60 ± 6.00 days. Escherichia coli was the most common pathogen isolated from the urine cultures (33.3%), followed by Klebsiella (24%). Age, gender, gestational age, birth weight, type of delivery, newborn feeding, clinical manifestations, total bilirubin level, and urine sampling method were not associated with the type of pathogens isolated from urine culture (P > 0.05).

Most urine cultures from newborns with hyperbilirubinemia were positive for E. coli. None of the potential factors evaluated in this study were correlated with the type of pathogens responsible for UTI in neonates with hyperbilirubinemia.

Although many studies have investigated the prevalence of hospital infections during the COVID-19 pandemic, the results are still challenging.

In this routine data-based study, the medical records of 2213 poisoned patients admitted to the Toxicological Intensive Care Unit (TICU) of the Loghman Hakim Hospital from 2018 to 2022 were retrospectively reviewed. After the implementation of exclusion criteria, 220 patients were separated into the control and case groups. The information of the patients was extracted based on a preplanned form and analyzed with SPSS software, version 26.

Unlike the prepandemic period, when Staphylococcus aureus was the predominant pathogen, during the pandemic period, the predominant pathogen in tracheal culture was Acinetobacter spp., which increased from 11.3% in the prepandemic period to 14.9% during the COVID-19 pandemic. Moreover, coagulase-negative staphylococci in blood culture and Enterobacter spp. in tracheal culture both significantly decreased during the COVID-19 pandemic (P=0.035 and P=0.05, respectively), while Streptococcus viridans in the tracheal culture and Enterococcus in the urine culture both significantly increased (P=0.013).

Although in the prepandemic period, S. aureus was usually the most common pathogen among poisoned patients in TICU, the predominant pathogen changed to Acinetobacter spp. during the COVID-19 pandemic period. Some hospital-acquired infections decreased and others increased in a different way between the two groups.

Urinary tract infection (UTI), is a common bacterial infection in pediatric group, can be easily diagnosed, but its recurrence can indicate underlying serious anatomical defects of the urogenital tract, leading to acute morbidity and chronic medical condition, such as hypertension and renal insufficiency.

To know the clinical spectrum and the frequency of recurrent UTI among children visiting our hospital.

This prospective study was conducted during the period from April 2020 to March 2021, in the department of pediatrics and pediatric nephrology, Governmental Medical College, Srinagar. All children aged between 6 months to 18 years presenting with a history of recurrent urinary tract were included in the study. A detailed history, relevant clinical examination, and the ultrasonography of kidney ureters and bladder (USG KUB) followed by voiding cystourethrography (VCUG), were carried out and subsequently analyzed.

A total of 38 patients with recurrent UTI were evaluated during one year. The commonest age group was 6 months to 2 years (68%), with female preponderance (F: M 3.2:1). Urine culture grew E. coli in 95% of patients, while USG abnormalities and the presence of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) on voiding cystourethrography (VCUG) were seen in 14 patients (36%).

Recurrent UTI are common between 6 months to 2 years, and E coli is the most common cause. Children with the past history of UTI seem more predisposed to have another E.coli-associated UTI.

Asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) is commonly seen during pregnancy due to the various morphological, hormonal, and physiological changes the body undergoes. If left undiagnosed, it can lead to conditions such as pyelonephritis and preterm delivery which could culminate in causing maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Therefore, this study aims to determine the prevalence, risk factors, microbial profile, and antibiotic susceptibility patterns associated with ASB in a tertiary healthcare center.

A cross‑sectional study was carried out where 150 urine samples were obtained from pregnant women within the gestational age of 13–36 weeks. Randomized stratified sampling was the method of sampling used. A questionnaire was also administered to them to determine potential risk factors. The samples were cultured and identified using biochemical tests. Antibiotic susceptibility tests were carried out by Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method. Statistical analysis was carried out using Chi‑square test. The graphs and tables were generated using Microsoft Excel and Word.

Out of the 150 samples that were obtained, 8 samples had significant bacteriuria which is a prevalence of 5.33%. Escherichia coli was the most frequently isolated organism accounting to 45% of the isolates. The other organisms that were isolated were Enterococcus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Coagulase negative staphylococcus (CONS), Candida albicans, and Group B Streptococcus which measured to 11% of the total distribution each. In the antibiotic sensitivity tests, among the gram‑negative isolates, marked resistance to Ampicillin and Amoxycillin along with sensitivity to Cotrimoxazole and Nitrofurantoin. Of the gram‑positive isolates, there was sensitivity to Ampicillin and Nitrofurantoin. A positive correlation was seen between the age groups of 23–27 and the prevalence of ASB.

The prevalence of ASB in this study shows that ASB is not uncommon in the population. Despite the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines and National Health Mission recommendations to make urine check‑ups a routine, it not carried out, possibly due to cost implications. However, it poses a risk for severe maternal and fetal outcomes and hence, should be screened for on a regular basis. Thus, this study emphasizes the importance of screening pregnant women for ASB for promoting better maternal and fetal health.

To determine the empirical usage of antibiotics and analyze the pathogen spectrum during the perioper-ative period of flexible ureteroscopic lithotripsy (FURSL) with a focus on levofloxacin.

This retrospective analysis included 754 patients who underwent FURSL successfully in our hospital from January 2015 to July 2019. All patients were sent for urine cultures and prescribed antibiotics during the perioperative period. Patients with negative preoperative urine cultures were divided into levofloxacin (LVXG) and non-levofloxacin groups (NLVXG) based on the empirical use of antibiotics. Operative time, the length of postoperative hospital stays and total hospital stays, total hospitalization costs, postoperative fever rate, and removal rate of stones were compared. Patients with positive urine cultures were analyzed for pathogen distri-bution and antibiotic resistance.

In the empirical use of antibiotics among 541 cases with negative urine cultures, the prescription rate of levofloxacin was 68.95%. Compared to that in NLVXG, LVXG had a lower cost of antibiotics but a higher post-operative fever rate and a longer hospital stay. There were no significant differences in operative time, the total hospitalization costs, and the removal rate of stones between the two groups. The top two common pathogens were Escherichia coli (36.11%) and Enterococcus faecalis (24.07%), with resistance rates of 74.36% and 71.15% to levofloxacin, respectively.

Levofloxacin might be no longer suitable as the first-line choice of clinical experience when perform-ing FURSL in some centers.

To determine the efficacy and safety of PCNL in patients with positive urine culture without an any other risk factors prior to surgery, and to define an optimal pre-operative antibiotic regimen for these patients.

The study included 269 consecutive PCNL cases. These cases were divided into 2 groups according pre-operative urine culture

sterile (group 1, n=166) and positive (group 2, n=103). Patients with risk factors linked to infection complications were excluded from study. All patients underwent PCNL in the prone position. In group 1, the antibiotic regimen included parenteral injection 30 minutes prior to operation and for 3 days after surgery. Group 2 was given antibiotics 24 hours before PCNL as well as 30 minutes before PCNL and then for 3 days following surgery. On the first day after the operation low dose CT and common blood count were performed on all patients to determine residuals, hematomas, blood loss, and inflammatory markers.

Mean age, stone size, failed ESWL, and prior nephrostomy tube insertion were higher in group 2. Al-though rate of pre-stented patients was equal in groups. No significant differences were observed between group 1 and 2 in regard to operative time (74,3 ± 26,9 vs 70,2 ± 26,5 min, P = .52), length of stay (3,9 ± 1,2 vs 3,8 ± 1,6 days, P = .24), SIRS (6,0% vs 7,8% patients, P = .07), and leukocyte levels exceeding 10*10*9 (77 (46,4%) vs 49 (47,6%) P =.11). Moreover, there was no sepsis or hemotransfusion in either group. Stone-free rates were also similar (78,9% vs 77,7%, P = .35).

24-hours continuous antibiotic administration before the operation (paying respect to specific re-sistance bacterial features) can be considered as alternative to 1-week treatment and allow to perform PCNL with sufficient safety in selected patients. Infected urine is not an independent risk factor of post-operative infections complications after PCNL in low risk patients with kidney stones.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the diagnostic value of nitrite test in comparison with urine culture (U/C) results in patients with Urinary tract infection (UTI) symptoms.

This cross-sectional study was performed on 203 patients with UTI symptoms. Middle urine sample was taken into sterile plastic containers, and simultaneously the urine sample and the nitrite test were done by the use of urine dipstick test. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 23.

The results of the urine culture test indicated that the highest excreted organisms in both sexes were E. coli (58.8%), Candida (17.6%), Klebsiella (8.8%), E. coli (MDR) (5.9%), Pseudomonas (2.9%), Enterococcus (2.9%) and Acinetobacter (2.9%). The results showed that there was a significant correlation between U/C and urine analysis (U/A) test results (P = 0.01), and in U/C positive results, U/A results were significantly positive for UTI. Other findings showed a significant relationship between the results of nitrite one and nitrite two tests (P = 0.001). There was a significant correlation between urinary, and nitrite1 levels (P = 0.04). Also, in this study, the sensitivity and specificity of diagnostic tests for U/A and nitrite 1 and 2 with U/C were calculated as the Golden Standard method.

Overall, the results of this study showed that the negative nitrite test and urine dipstick test could be performed in emergency cases to prevent ectopic dysfunction and inadequate diagnosis. Also, it can reduce the unreasonable expenses for U/A.

One of the lithotripsy complications is urinary tract infection (UTI) and sepsis after extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL). The aim was to study the prophylactic effect of antibiotics on UTI after ESWL.
This randomized double-blind clinical trial was carried out on 600 patients admitted to Babol Clinic hospital in 2014-2015. Patients were randomly divided into treatment group (receiving 200 mg ofloxacin and control group (receiving placebo. The effect of prophylactic antibiotics on the incidence of bacteriuria after ESWL and the impact of variables such as gender, age, urolithiasis size and location and underlying diseases in the incidence of UTI after ESWL were evaluated.
Totally, 67 of the population had positive urine cultures. Twenty-nine (10.13%) of them were in the treatment group (n=286) and 38 (13.01%) of them were in the control group (n=292). All 67 patients had asymptomatic bacteriuria. Escherichia coli and proteus were the grown microorganisms in most samples. The mean age of sample population was 44.8±23, and 67.16% of patients with positive urine culture were older than 45 years.
The results indicated that prophylactic antibiotics prior to ESWL in patients with urinary calculi and negative urine culture had no significant decrease in urinary tract infection after lithotripsy. It is better that the use of prophylactic antibiotics is limited to patients with risk factors.

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common disease in adults that early diagnosis and proper treatment of it has high importance. This study was performed for analysis of type and antibiotics resistance of isolated bacteria from urine of adult in different sex and ages for help in choose of antibiotics in empirical therapy. Data of patients (gender, age, kind of admission and isolated bacteria) with bacterial positive urine culture during three months in 2013 at Pars Hospital, Tehran, Iran, were studied and analyzed by SPSS software. Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of isolates to cotrimoxazole, ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, amikacin and nitrofurantoin, were also determined by the standard disk diffusion method according to CLSI recommendation. A total of 1123 urine isolates were collected. Studied patients were often female and outpatients (78.3% and 88.7%, respectively). Escherichia coli was the most common isolate (50%), followed by Streptococcus agalactiae (22.9%), Klebsiella spp. (8.5%), Enterococcus spp. (7.6%), Coagulase Negative Staphylococci (3.7%) and Staphylococcus aureus (2%). Statistically significant differences were seen in distribution of some bacteria regarding demographic characteristics of patients. Highest resistance rates have shown to cotrimoxazole and ampicillin (56.9% and 55%, respectively) among isolated bacteria. The results show the relationship between demographic characteristics of Iranian patients and type of isolated bacteria from urine and high resistance to common antimicrobial agents.

Urinary tract infection (UTI) causes significant illness in children. The diagnosis in most developing countries is often overlooked due to difficulties in obtaining urine from children especially those who would not void voluntarily. Misdiagnosis often leads to renal damage and hypertension, which could be avoidable with early diagnosis and proper management. Empirical antibiotic treatment in UTI, especially if based on the epidemiology and resistance patterns of common uropathogens, plays an important role in prevention of renal damage. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of clinical symptoms, laboratory findings, renal ultrasonography, Dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) renal scanning and antimicrobial sensitivity of uropathogens. This retrospective study was conducted on 136 patients hospitalized in Qods hospital of Qazvin with positive urine culture during 2006 (from March through October). One hundred and thirty five children were included in the study. Of the total, 108 (80%) were females and 27 (20%) were males with a female to male ratio of 5.4:1. The median age of the patients was 24.4 months. Ninety eight (72.6%) patients were from cities and 37 (27.4%) were from rural areas. Of 135 patients, 17 (11.1%) had past history of hospitalization with UTI. Fever was the most common clinical presentation (68.1%) followed by dysuria (37%) and vomiting (29.6%). Normal white blood cell count was found in 113 cases (83.7%) and 22 patients (16.3%) had leukocytosis. Increase erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) was found in 64 cases (55.6%) and positive C-reactive protein (CRP) in 54.8% of patients. Escherichia coli (E.coli) caused 67.4% of the infections followed by Klebsiella species (14.1%). The majority of the E.coli isolates (90.1%) were from females, while the remaining were from males. Among the gram negative enteric bacilli high prevalence of resistance was observed against ampicillin (86.9%) and co-trimoxazole (78.3%). E.coli isolates had the most sensitivity to amikacin (90.1%), ciprofloxacin (83%), nitrofurantoin (81.2%), ceftriaxon (78.5%), gentamycin (77.8%) and ceftizoxime (74%). Sonography of the kidney and bladder showed abnormality in 15.3% of patients, while the DMSA renal scan was abnormal in 46.5%. UTI is one of the most common infections diagnosed in hospitalized children, particularly in females. Since in the young children specific clinical signs and symptoms of UTI are uncommon, the presence of other potential signs and symptoms are not reliable in excluding UTI. This study revealed that enterobacteriaceae were the predominant bacterial pathogen of hospitalized children with UTI. It also represents high level resistant of E.coli isolates to ampicillin and cotrimoxazole. Thus, continued local surveillance studies are urged to monitor emerging antimicrobial resistance and to guide interventions to minimize its occurrence. This study is useful to improve the empiric treatment..