جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « vaccine delivery » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Recent coronavirus pandemic and its global socio-economic impact has re-emphasized the need for safe, fast, and efficient delivery of vaccines for humankind. With advent of technological advances, and to improve patient acquiescence, several techniques for fast, effective, and safe delivery of vaccines have been researched and published in the literature in last three decades. These delivery enhancement techniques include but are not limited to electroporation, microneedles (MN), ultrasound, iontophoresis, etc. This review aims at discussing the current research undergoing in vaccine delivery, specifically focusing on microneedles assisted, the historical background of microneedles and their introduction to drug delivery area, and a special focus on formulation challenges and stability in these systems. The review also sheds light on regulatory challenges one must keep in mind for bringing a successful microneedles-based vaccine delivery into market as well as a snapshot of current commercially available microneedles-based products in cosmetic and pharmaceutical industry.

Tuberculosis (TB) is believed to be one of the leading causes of death in the world; nevertheless, Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is the solitary vaccine utilized to prevent TB. Despite the protective effect of this vaccine in children, its efficiency remains under question in adults. We conducted the present study to provide an overview of DNA based vaccines against TB and highlight the vaccine delivery advances and limitations. This study also aimed to bring a review of mycobacterial antigens, including heat shock protein 65 (Hsp65), antigen 85A (Ag85A), early secretory antigenic target 6 (EAST-6), antigen 85B (Ag85B), and heat shock protein X (HspX) as the most extensively considered antigens in the development of vaccines against M. tuberculosis.

To date, while many studies have investigated antiviral agents or vaccines against HIV, success has been limited. In this field, mutagenesis of the viral genome often contributes to viral escape from the antiretroviral therapies and the emergence of HIV-1 strains resistant to the drugs. Therefore, developing alternative methods, including more effective vaccines, antiviral therapies (such as RNAi therapy) and delivery systems, seems to be necessary to compensate for these issues. The aim of this study was to establish an efficient system for siRNA delivery as a safe anti-HIV therapeutic approach.

In this research, the use of chitosan-coated SPION was investigated as a method for RNA delivery. So, after generating a stable cell line of HEK293 (expressing HIV-1 tat), we designed a potent siRNA against HIV-1 tat, and then the effectiveness of the modified SPION in siRNA delivery to HEK293 cells was evaluated.

The results of this study showed that the optimal concentration (50 µg/mL) of the modified SPION containing anti-tat siRNA (with a range size of 50-70 nm and average zeta potential of +25 mV) were significantly internalized into the cells and decreased the expression of HIV-1 tat over than 80%. Moreover, the nanoparticles showed no considerable toxicity on the cells.

It would be concluded that SPION could be optimized as a probable RNA/vaccine delivery system into target cells. Therefore, this study offers a therapeutic strategy against HIV or other infectious diseases.

Vaccination has greatly improved human health. Despite of all improvements in this field, there is not an efficient vaccine for many diseases, and of the available ones, some could not produce a long-term immunity. Recently, there have been many researches on the applicability of nanostructures as an efficient system for vaccine delivery, and the initial results have been promising. Their potential adjuvanticity, capability of the stimulation of both humoral and cellular immunity responses, more stability in environmental conditions, possible targeted vaccine delivery, the need for low quantity of proteins (in the case of subunit vaccines), etc., are of the main reasons that this area has gained many interests. Here, we try to review the main nanostructures that could be act as a delivery vehicle in vaccine delivery.