جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « vaginitis » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

The three most common causes of vaginitis are bacteria, yeast, and Protozoa. Candida albicans is one of the most common causes of vaginitis and commonly affects millions of females with different signs and symptoms. Secretion of exoenzymes from Candida species plays an important role in virulence and pathogenesis. Increasing our knowledge about the pathogenesis of candidiasis could help to design new anti-Candida drugs. This study aimed to evaluate the phospholipase, esterase, and hemolysin activities of the vaginal Candida isolates and their correlation with the presence of vulvovaginal candidiasis.

In total, 119 Candida albicans isolates from vaginal candidiasis were enrolled in the study. Egg yolk agar, Tween 80 opacity medium, and blood agar plate assays were used for the determination of phospholipase, esterase, and hemolytic activities, respectively.

Based on the findings, 110 (92.44%) isolates showed phospholipase activity, 93 (78.2%) isolates were esterase producers, and 90 (75.6%) species had hemolytic activity.

This study showed that most of the tested isolates had different enzymatic patterns. Discrimination of variations in the production of these exoenzymes among different Candida isolates may depend on Candida spp. pathogenicity and could be responsible for the severity of symptoms among the patients.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of the A.F. Genital System® in the detection of vaginal pathogens in patients with obstetrical and gynecological pathologies.

A total of 197 vaginal swab samples were collected from patients presenting with various obstetrical and gynecological pathologies. The A.F. Genital System® and vaginal culture/traditional methods were used for pathogen detection.

The A.F. Genital System® demonstrated a detection rate of 68% for single vaginal infectious agents, outperforming the vaginal culture/traditional methods (52.8%). However, differences in detection rates were observed for specific pathogens, such as E. coli, Gardnerella vaginalis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas spp.

Despite lower sensitivity for specific pathogens, the A.F. Genital System® showed a high correlation with reference tests, suggesting its potential utility as a diagnostic tool for identifying common vaginal pathogens in clinical settings.

In vitro and in vivo researches have shown that silver nanoparticles have more antimicrobial properties with a lower concentration than antifungal agents against candida vaginitis. Therefore, this study evaluated the therapeutic effect of silver nanoparticles (Nivasha spray15ppm) compared to clotrimazole 1% vaginal cream on candida vaginitis.

In this clinical trial study, 110 women with confirmed candida vaginitis randomly were divided into test (n=58) and control (n=52) groups. Silver nanoparticles spray with an applicator (Nivasha 15 ppm), and clotrimazole 1% were administered to test and control groups, respectively. Then, within ten days, post-intervention checkup and patient self-reported for treatment results were recorded in checklists and the data were analyzed statistically.

The improvement rate in test group (98.0%) was 1.44 times higher than in control (67.9%). Moreover, disease symptoms after the intervention (including unusual secretions, itching and burning, redness) in test group were significantly less than in the control, but there was no significant difference in the ratio of edema in two groups )p=0.071(. Furthermore, the average recovery time (days) of all symptoms in test group was lower than control (p<0.05). Finally, the rate of patients' satisfaction with the treatment process in the test group (76.9%) was more than control (46.6%) (p=0.004).

Nivasha spray had more effectiveness compared to the clotrimazole 1%. Therefore, it can be used as an alternative drug in the treatment of Candida vaginitis.

Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is one of the most frequent reasons for gynecological consul- tations. Candida albicans is responsible in the majority of cases. Lately, VVC caused by non-albicans Candida spp. (NAC), which are resistant to routinely used antifungals, is on the rise. This study was designed to determine the prevalence of Candida in patients suffering from vaginitis and to assess the predisposing factors along with identification of Candida species and evaluation of their susceptibility profile.

High vaginal swabs were collected from 225 women. Sample processing consisted of Gram stain and culture onto Sabouraud’s dextrose agar and HiChrom Candida Differential agar. Isolates were identified and speciated using VITEK2 Compact System. Susceptibility testing was done using VITEK2 AST-Y S08 cards and disc diffusion.

Candida spp. were isolated from 94 (41.8%) of the cases. C. albicans was the predominant species (71.6%) fol- lowed by other NAC spp. (28.4%). Pregnancy and diabetes were the most frequently implicated risk factors (67.1% and 44.4%). High resistance was observed in NAC spp. as opposed to C. albicans to all antifungal agents tested.

Empirical therapy with routinely used antifungals can be initiated for C. albicans. In the case of NAC spp., identification should be followed by susceptibility testing.

 Vaginitis is one of the most common complaints in women around the world. Cinnamon is one of the medicinal plants for which there is contradictory evidence of its effect on vaginitis.

 This study aimed to evaluate the effect of cinnamon on the treatment and recurrence of candidal vaginitis.

 We performed this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial from April to August 2018 in Tehran, Iran. Totally 120 women aged 15 to 45 years clinically and paraclinical approved candidiasis vaginitis were included by convenient sampling at first and then were randomly allocated to 2 groups. The intervention group received 2.5 g of cinnamon powder. The control group received 2.5 g of placebo. Both groups should apply a vaginal applicator of clotrimazole cream (1%) daily. Vaginitis symptoms were evaluated with the researcher-made questionnaire and checklist at baseline, 4th, and 7th days of the treatment. Recurrence was evaluated 2 months later.

 A significant decrease was seen in itching (from 83% to 11%) (P-value = 0.001), burning (from 71% to 5%) (P-value = 0.003), suprapelvic pain (from 65% to 3.3%) (P-value = 0.001), dyspareunia (from 80% to 7%) (P-value = 0.001) on the 7th day of the treatment in the cinnamon group. In the placebo group, a significant decrease was shown in itching (from 90% to 20%) (P-value = 0.001), burning (from 81.7% to 8.3%) (P-value = 0.001), dyspareunia (from 78% to 35%) (P-value = 0.001) and suprapubic pain (from 68% to 16.7%) (P-value = 0.001). After 2 months, recurrence was 45% in the cinnamon group (P-value = 0.001), but it was 71.7% in the placebo group (P-value = 0.003). No adverse effects of cinnamon were recorded.

 The efficacy of oral cinnamon capsule is better than clotrimazole vaginal cream in the treatment and recurrence of vaginal candidiasis. Therefore, the use of these products may be an effective remedy for vaginal candidiasis.

We aimed to investigate the pathogen infection in vaginal secretions of women in Linyi area.

From October 2016 to September 2018, a total of 49,343 vaginal secretion specimens from women who attended Women and Children's Health Care Hospital of Linyi District, Shandong Province, China were used to detect the cleanliness, Candida, clue cells, Trichomonas, etc. with Ultra-high power microscopy.

Among the 49343 patients, 6377 had vaginal cleanliness of degree Ⅰ～Ⅱ, the detection rate was 37.89%; 10455 cases of Ⅲ～Ⅳ degree, the detection rate was 62.11%; 13193 cases of simple vaginal pathogen infection, the detection rate was 26.74%. Among them, 9256 cases of vaginal Candida (VVC) had a detection rate of 18.76%; 3176 cases of Bacterial vaginosis (BV) had a detection rate of 6.44%; and 761 cases of Trichomonas infection (TV) had a detection rate 1.54%; 899 cases of mixed infection. The detection rate was 1.82% and the detection rate of each pathogen in the 18-30 year old group was the highest. The detection rates of VVC, BV, TV and MVI were 10.80%, 3.25%, 0.65%, 1.00%, repsectively.

The incidence of VVC women with vaginitis in Linyi was the highest, and the incidence was mainly between 18 and 40 years old. The infection rate of VVC, BV and MVI pathogens was the highest in summer, and the infection rate of TV was the highest in autumn.

In women’s health, clinicians are often faced with diagnosing and administering treatment to patients who present with an increased vaginal discharge without much other information to work with. It’s only once a patient’s background is reviewed and lab work is completed that two common reasons behind vaginal discharge with similar symptoms, Lactobacillosis and Cytolytic Vaginitis, can be differentiated and a proper diagnosis can be reached. Now, we understand that Lactobacillosis and Cytolytic Vaginitis are symptomatically confused by patients as well as inexperienced clinicians. Lactobacillosis involves the presence of abnormal, extremely long Lactobacilli, a keystone species for vaginal health, while Cytolytic Vaginitis mainly involves, increased Lactobacilli, pH between 3.5 and 4.5, presence of cytolysis, and a lowered white blood cell count. Both present with similar discharge, leading to their conflation. A microscopic examination of the discharge using a wet mount with normal saline can provide 80% diagnostic sensitivity until further testing can be completed.

Over the centuries, medicinal herbs have been used as major sources of medicine for prevention and treatment of diseases;. however, herbal drugs should be converted to new dosage forms for better acceptance and easier usage by patients. The present research has been performed to formulate a herbal gel for vaginitis based on Iranian traditional medicine.

The extract of oleogumresin of Boswellia was obtained using propylene glycol: water. The gel was prepared using the extract (2% and 5%), carbomer 940 (0.5% and 1%), tri-ethanolamine and distilled water. Further, the prepared gels were evaluated for physicochemical and microbial characteristics. Accelerated stability test was performed on the selected gel for six months.

The gel with 2% extract of Boswellia using propylene glycol: water 80:20 as the solvent and carbomer 1% was selected as the best one. The formulated gel was homogenous, white in color with acceptable physicochemical and microbial characteristics. Hexane soluble content and total acids as boswellic acid in the gel were found 0.25% and 8.7 mg/100 g, respectively. It was stable during centrifugation but it was unstable in temperature cycle test and stability test; therefore, it should be kept in cool place.

The prepared gel contains volatile compounds with antimicrobial and anti-inflammation activities; therefore, it could be an appropriate candidate for vaginitis.

 Candida albicans is an yeast species that colonizes the vaginal and oral mucosa of healthy women. However, it exhibits pathogenicity when the balance between yeast and mucous membranes and host defense mechanisms is disrupted.

 To develop an auxiliary treatment for vaginitis, we evaluated the inhibitory effects of a probiotic bacterial strain isolated from kimchi on C. albicans.

 Lactobacillus plantarum, which exhibits potent inhibitory activity against pathogenic bacteria and is resistant to broad-spectrum antibiotics, was isolated from commercially kimchi in Korea, and its antagonistic effects on C. albicans were examined in a mixed culture with ME-180 cervical carcinoma cells.

 Candida albicans caused extensive damage in ME-180 cells. In ME-180 cells inoculated with L. plantarum and then with C. albicans, the extent of cell damage increased as the concentration of the C. albicans culture increased. However, in ME-180 cells inoculated with L. plantarum at 106 CFU/mL or at a higher concentration, the extent of cell damage increased substantially with the concentration of C. albicans, indicating that L. plantarum inhibited the growth of C. albicans.

 Lactobacillus plantarum did not directly inhibit the growth of C. albicans but may have inhibited biofilm development at an early stage, thereby preventing the growth and mucosal adhesion of C. albicans. Further investigation of the safety, side effects, and metabolism of L. plantarum and its potential infectivity in animals is required before the L. plantarum isolate can be used to treat vaginitis.

Vaginal infections are one of the major reasons women visit a gynecologist. Increased resistance to conventional antibiotics is one of the main factors mitigating the development of new antimicrobial agents, especially those of natural origin. In traditional Persian medicine, Trachyspermum ammi has been claimed to clear vagina from excessive discharge. Therefore, in this study, the antimicrobial activity of Ajwain essential oil was evaluated against some vaginal pathogens. The essential oil of ajwain was picked up and the minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations (MIC and MBC) were revealed. The most frequently detected microorganisms involved in genital infections including Candida spp., Gardnerella vaginalis, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae and Lactobacillus acidophilus were considered. Evaluation of the essential oil of Trichomonas vaginalis was done by calculation of percent of growth inhibition. The essential oil showed a remarkable activity against the studied bacteria and fungi with MIC at a range of 0.0315 - 0.5 mg/ml and MBC at a range of 0.125 - 4 mg /ml. The highest inhibition and bactericidal activity was observed in S. agalactiae and G. vaginalis. 100% inhibition of T. vaginalis growth was shown at a concentration of 2000 μg/ml after 48 h by essential oil. The antimicrobial activity of the essential oil was more than that of thymol. Supposedly essential oil of Trachyspermum ammi fruit could inhibit vaginal pathogens growth. Further preclinical and clinical studies are required to confirm the efficacy of this natural agent in vaginitis.

Mycoplasma hominis, which belongs to the Mycoplasmataceae family, is an opportunistic pathogen of the genitourinary system. Mycoplasma genitalium, causing urethritis-endometritis-cervicitis, plays a role in prostatitis This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of M. genitalium and M. hominis among women with vaginal infection in Zabol, Iran.

In this cross-sectional study, 69 endocervical samples were taken from women aged 18 to 60 years who suffered from vaginal infections. DNAs extracted from the samples were applied as a template for 16SrDNA coding gene amplification using specific primers in two separate PCR reactions.

The highest infection rate was in the age group of 25 to 35 years, with a prevalence of 75%. The highest rate of negative PCR results (54%) was in the age group of 25 to 35 years, followed by the age groups of 36 to 45 years (28%), 18 to 24 years (4%), and older than 45 years (3%). The lowest rate was in the age group younger than 18 years (2%). Considering their levels of education, the highest rate of infection was seen in the subjects with bachelor’s degrees. The rate of Mycoplasma genitalium infection was equal in the subjects who had and did not have a miscarriage (50%). Only 5.7% of the subjects with negative PCR samples had a miscarriage and the rest (94.3%) did not experience a miscarriage.

Overall, the present study showed that the rate of Mycoplasma vaginal infections was very low Also there is no significance deference for infection rate between pregnant women with or without miscarriage history. However, those with Mycoplasma-negative PCR samples had a low miscarriage rate.

Trichomoniasis is a protozoan infection of women that is transmitted via sexual intercourse. The present study was carried out to detect the prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis and other vaginitis agents in women referred to Kerman health care centers.

The vaginal discharges of 3988 females were examined by microscopy for T. vaginalis infection as well as bacterial and fungal infections from April 2016 to March 2017.

The prevalence rates of T. vaginalis, bacteria, and yeast were 0.2%, 27.3%, and 9.2% respectively. The highest rate of T. vaginalis infection among women belonged to the age group 41-50 (P<0.05). Our results showed Escherichia coli and Klebsiella in women with bacterial infections.

The results indicated that the prevalence of T. vaginalis in patients of this area was low, and other causes of vaginitis such as bacterial and fungal infections should be more considered.

Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is a very common debility in gynecology clinics. Despite access to several antifungal agents, VVC is still a challenge; therefore, presenting a novel antifungal agent, especially with a traditional origin, is of interest and demand.

The current study aimed at comparing the efficacy of Anethum graveolens L. (dill) vaginal cream with that of 1% Clotrimazole vaginal cream to treat VVC.

A prospective, single-center, randomized, double-blind clinical trial was performed. In the current study, married females aged 18 - 65 years, with probable vulvovaginal candidiasis were enrolled for primary evaluation. After VVC confirmation by the sniff test, the patients were allocated into three groups with regard to blocked randomization, and inclusion and exclusion criteria. The first group (n = 59) was treated with 1% Clotrimazole vaginal cream; the second (n = 60) with a combination of dill seed essential oil and dried aqueous extract vaginal cream (TEE); and the last (n = 56) with dill seed essential oil vaginal cream (EO) for seven nights. After 10 days, the therapeutic effects were assessed.

After the intervention, itching decreased to 30.5%, 3.3%, and 12.5% in the Clotrimazole, TEE, and EO groups, respectively; the sniff test also decreased to 33.9%, 13.3%, and 12.5%, respectively. Although a statistically significant difference, according to itching and sniff test, was observed among the three groups (P < 0.001, P = 0.005), there was no significant difference between TEE and EO (P = 0.06).

The current study showed that the herbal preparation could be used as an alternative antifungal agent f

Acute pelvic infl ammatory disease (PID) is a common reason for infertility. This study aimed to evaluate the frequency distribution of endometritis in women with unexplained infertility and comparison with frequency distribution of endometritis in anovulatory infertility to identify the importance of endometritis due to subacute PID evaluation in the case of infertility.

This case–control study was done on 100 women with unexplained infertility and ovulatory infertility who referred to Shahid Beheshti clinic in 2013 in Isfahan, Iran. They were divided into two groups of unexplained infertility and anovulatory infertility. Endometrial samples were given from all the patients by Pipelle biopsy under sterile conditions, and then prepared samples were sent to the pathology laboratory to evaluate the existence of plasma cells by a pathologist to diagnose endometritis.

Frequency distribution of acute PID history among the patients in both groups showed a signifi cant difference (P < 0.05). Prevalence of endometritis in unexplained infertility group was 34% and in anovulatory group was 21% (P < 0.05). Prevalence of vaginitis was 46% in unexplained group and 40% in anovulatory group (P < 0.05), and prevalence of PID was 4% in unexplained infertility group and 0% in anovulatory infertility group.

The prevalence of endometritis and vaginitis was more in the unexplained infertility group rather than the anovulatory infertility group that may reveal the importance of endometritis evaluation in the cases of unexplained infertility