جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "varicella zoster virus" در نشریات گروه "پزشکی"

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) occurs most commonly in the lower extremities and is related to the Virchow triad. While reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus (VZV) is rare when it occurs in the lower extremity dermatome, we present and discuss herpes zoster infection in immunocompromised individuals, which has similar manifestations yet can lead to unexpected, serious, life-threatening DVT complications. A 52-year-old woman with overweight and diabetes mellitus presented to the emergency department with 3 days of fever and a sudden, painful, swollen left leg. There was no history of chickenpox, trauma, surgery, or immobilization. She was using insulin glulisine and glargine. The physical examination was normal, except for a skin eruption characterized by a vesicle-pustule-blister group that followed the L4–L5 dermatome. Laboratory tests revealed leukocytosis and increased D-dimer levels. A duplex ultrasound was performed, which showed a thrombotic filling defect in the left common femoral vein and DVT in the left leg. The patient was treated with oral acyclovir, subcutaneous injection of fondaparinux, insulin glargine, and glulisine. Her symptoms improved within 7 days during her inpatient stay. After discharge, a follow-up duplex ultrasound evaluation revealed a reduced thrombus in the left common femoral vein. This case highlights that VZV reactivation in immunocompromised individuals can be complicated by DVT. It requires heightened clinical awareness of herpes zoster and related complications with similar manifestations, to provide precise and prompt treatment, and prevent worse outcomes. (Iranian Heart Journal 2024; 25(4): 111-116)

Herpes zoster, or shingles, is caused by the varicella-zoster virus (VZV), which initially presents as chickenpox in children. VZV is a global health concern, especially in winter and spring, affecting 10-20% of adults over 50 and posing a 30% risk for the general population. This study used PCR to detect VZV, confirming results with duplicated DNA samples and identifying 234 bp fragments by targeting the gpB gene.

This study examined 50 herpes zoster cases from October 2020 to April 2021, involving 30 males and 20 females aged 10 to 90, diagnosed by dermatologists. Data were collected via a questionnaire. PCR detected VZV by amplifying the gpB and MCP genes from skin lesion samples. Six positive 234-bp PCR products were sequenced at Macro- gen Inc. in Seoul, South Korea.

Six DNA samples with 234 bp amplicons were sequenced, showing 99-100% similarity to human alpha herpesvirus sequences in the gpB gene. NCBI BLAST matched these sequences to a reference (GenBank acc. MT370830.1), assigning accession numbers LC642111, LC642112, and LC642113. Eight nucleic acid substitutions caused amino acid changes in the gpB protein: isoleucine to threonine, serine to isoleucine, and threonine to Proline. These variants were deposited in NCBI GenBank as gpB3 samples.

The study found high sequence similarity to known VZV sequences, identifying six nucleic acid variations and eight SNPs. Notable amino acid changes in the gpB protein were deposited in NCBI GenBank as the gpB3 sample.

Breast cancer is the second type of cancer in the world. Some internal and external risk factors, especially infection diseases, can progress breast cancer. As the relation between varicella zoster virus (VZV), human papillomavirus (HPV), herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV?2), and breast cancer has not been understood, it was attempting to find the effect of these viruses and breast cancer in this study.

We collected 40 breast cancer and 50 healthy adjacent tissues from Taleghani and Imam Hossein Hospital, Tehran, Iran, in 3 years starting in 2017. After extracting DNA from breast tissues, multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR), nested PCR, and PCR were done to analyze the prevalence of HSV?2, VZV, and HPV.

Our results showed that HPV may be one of the important causes of breast cancer. Nested PCR illustrated nine breast cancerous tissues (mean age: 43) and three healthy adjacent ones (mean age: 41) were infected by HPV. Phylogenetic analysis illustrated that all of the infected HPV cancerous and healthy tissues were HPV 18 (except two healthy samples infected with HPV 6).  mevertheless, there were not any infected tissues by HSV?2 and VZV.

It seems that HPV virus type 18 can have high prevalence in breast cancerous tissues in comparison with healthy adjacent ones, and it is likely to have an effect on breast cancer progression. However, the opposite trend is true for HSV?2 and VZV as we did not find any differences between different kinds of breast tissues.

Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV) is an alpha herpes virus that can conceal itself and produce shingles in addition to generating chicken pox. Varicella is a highly contagious illness brought on by vesicular skin sores, contamination, and maybe to a lesser extent, the propagation of the aerosolized virus. In comparison to children, adults with varicella had a much higher rate of primary VZV infection death. Different nations produce the varicella vaccines known as (Varivax; ProQuad; Merck & Co.), (Varilrix; Priorix-tetra; GSK), (Okavax; Biken, by Sanofi Pasteur), and (SuduVax; Green Cross). The amount of HDC passes, specific antibiotics included to assure sterility, stabilizers, and other minor components vary between different vaccines. The spread of the virus can be decreased dramatically by the widespread use of the varicella vaccine, particularly in a worldwide vaccination program. The World Health Organization suggested varicella vaccination in 1998 for nations where the illness poses a serious threat to public health. Nevertheless, many nations delayed the introduction of the universal varicella vaccine due to worries about the disease spreading to older populations, an increase in elderly herpes zoster, and cost-effectiveness. The purpose of the current research is to review varicella vaccination programs and their global effect.

 Diabetes mellitus is known to be a potential risk factor for herpes zoster (HZ). The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between diabetes and HZ statistically. What is the status of diabetes in people with HZ, and are diabetes and HZ associations statistically significant? Answering these questions is the main purpose of this study.

 Systematic search was carried out in four major international databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google scholar for eligible records between January 2000 and December 2020. The overall prevalence of diabetes in HZ people, studies heterogeneity, as well as geographical distribution were estimated by a random-effect model applied in comprehensive meta-analysis (V2, BioStat) software.

 Ultimately, 28 studies (29 datasets) were included in the present meta-analysis. The overall prevalence of diabetes in HZ people was estimated to be 12.7% (95% CI: 11.5%- 14%), the highest and lowest prevalence rates were 17.4% and 4% in Southeast Asian and American regions, respectively. Additionally, the odds ratio (OR) results suggested a significant association between HZ and diabetes (OR: 1.28, 95% CI: 1.18-1.38).

 The results indicate a significant association between HZ and diabetes, and this association should not be neglected. Future studies may reflect the effect of vaccination more seriously by considering this association.

 Brain tumors are all primary central nervous system (CNS) tumors with unclear etiologies and viral infections, especially human herpesviruses, which have emerged as a hot topic for comprehensive research.

 The present study aimed at assessing the molecular epidemiology of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) and its association with microRNA 122 (miR-122) expression in CNS tumor samples.

 Fresh frozen tissue samples were collected from 60 CNS tumor patients and 45 healthy controls. A nested PCR assay was performed to detect the VZV-DNA. Subsequently, the expression level of miR-122 was evaluated in the CNS tumor tissue samples of patients and the brain tissue samples were obtained from healthy controls, using a real-time PCR assay.

 Of 60 patients with CNS tumors, 29 were men and 31 were women. VZV-DNA was detected in 13.3% of the CNS tumor tissue specimens. There was no statistically significant association between the presence of VZV-DNA and different types of CNS tumors (P > 0.05). Furthermore, the expression level of miR-122 was significantly downregulated in the CNS tumor tissue samples obtained from the patients compared with those of the healthy controls (P < 0.05). Additionally, the expression level of miR-122 was significantly lower in the VZV-positive tumor samples as compared with those of the VZV-negative tumor samples and the healthy controls.

 Although VZV plays no direct role in the development of CNS tumors, the virus may affect the biology of CNS tumors by decreasing the expression levels of miR-122, which consequently leads to an increased risk of malignancy. However, the experimental data are not conclusive enough; so, further investigations are needed.

Although, conventional methods for the expression of polyomaviruses and herpesviruses recombinant proteins for serological  assays  and  vaccine  developments  in baculoviruses are well established, the manipulations are laborious and time consuming.

A new expression system based on plasmid was used to express two polyomaviruses major capsid protein VP1 (JCV VP1 and BKV VP1), and two herpesviruses glycoproteins (HSV-1 gD and VZV gE) in insect cells. A ligation independent cloning (LIC) was applied to generate the recombinant plasmids. Transfection of Sf9 insect cells were performed using the recombinants. The produced proteins were analysed using SDS-PAGE, immunofluorescence, and immunoblotting.

JCV-VP1, BKV-VP1, VZV-gE and HSV-1gD were successfully expressed in the insect cells, 48 h post-infection and detected in cytoplasm and cell membranes with immunoreactivity. This plasmid based expression system took 5 days to express the protein.

The plasmid based expression system in insect cells was highly efficient and would be ideal for rapid expression of polyomaviruses and herpesviruses proteins in insect cells to be potentially used in applications such as vaccine components and serological assays.

Most common viruses causing ocular infections are Herpes Simplex Viruses (HSV) type 1 and type 2, Cytomegalovirus (CMV), Varicella-zoster Virus (VZV), and few strains of Adenovirus. Diagnosis of these infections through clinical manifestations and using conventional methods has a number of limitations. The purpose of this study was to develop a multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) for simultaneous detection of all pathogenic viruses from ocular infections.

Ten uniplex PCRs were standardized, two each for HSV type 1 (HSV-1) and type 2 (HSV-2), CMV, VZV, and Adenovirus. Various multiplexing combinations of above PCRs were put to finalize targets and reaction conditions enabling diagnosis of all in a single reaction. The uniplex and multiplex PCRs were run for known positive and negative controls, and samples from clinically suspected patients and healthy controls.

Out of the 170 samples from suspected ocular infections, 24.7% were positive by uniplex PCR and 22.9% were correctly identified by multiplex PCR. None of the samples negative by uniplex PCRs was positive by the multiplex PCR. The sensitivity and specificity of multiplex PCR compared to the commonly used uniplex PCRs as gold standard was 92.86% and 100%, respectively. The prevalence of different viral pathogens was 13.5% for HSV-1, followed by 5.9% for Adenovirus, 2.4% for VZV, 1.8% for HSV-2, and 1.2% for CMV.

The establishment of multiplex PCR has found immediate application in diagnosing ocular viral pathogens in a single reaction, thus saving time, manpower, and resources by fivefold.

 Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV) infection in children with different malignancies on chemotherapy has become an alarming problem. There are insufficient data about VZV seroprevalence among patients in Iran.

 The current study was conducted to assess the seroprevalence of VZV serum IgG antibodies in children with malignancies on chemotherapy.

 The current single-center cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2018 to December 2019 at Mofid children’s hospital, Tehran, Iran. Five milliliters of blood samples were collected from the patients. Serum samples were then tested in duplicate for the IgG antibody against VZV using Varicella-Zoster ELISA IgG/IgM kit.

 A total of 54 children with different malignancies were included. Overall, 24 and 30 serum samples were collected from females and males, respectively. The children were five months to 15-years-old with a mean age of 5.5 years. The overall seroprevalence of VZV IgG in the children was 21.1% (n = 13/54). Of patients with positive VZV IgG antibody, 9 (69.2%) were male, and four (30.8%) were female. Besides, Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL) with 61.1% (n = 33/54) was the most common underlying malignancy among these patients. The prevalence of anti-VZV IgG antibodies was 21.2% (n = 7/33) in the group of children with ALL. The highest seroprevalence of the VZV IgG antibody was seen in 11 to 15-year-old children (n = 3/7; 42.9%). The prevalence rates of IgG antibodies against VZV among children aged 0-2 years, 3-5 years, and 6-10 years were 28.6%, 25.9%, and 7.7%, respectively.

 The results showed that children with different malignancies on chemotherapy are quite susceptible to chickenpox infection. It is suggested that a safe and effective live attenuated varicella vaccine in line with the WHO recommendations be incorporated into Iran’s national immunization program for children with various malignancies.

To study the seasonal variability in the occurrence of acute retinal necrosis (ARN) in a series of polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-positive patients.

Consecutive patients clinically diagnosed with ARN and a positive PCR result of aqueous humor during a seven-year period were studied retrospectively. Patients’ demographics, causative viral agent(s), and the date of disease onset were extracted from medical records.

Twenty eyes of 20 patients were enrolled; the mean age at presentation was 39.6 ± 14.4 (range, 6–62) years. Nine patients were female. The most common causative agent was varicella-zoster virus in 16 patients (80%), followed by herpes simplex virus in two patients (10%). The disease onset was in winter in 10 patients (50%), and the highest incidence was in February (five patients, 25%). The cumulative occurrence of ARN was significantly higher in the first half of the year (winter and spring) compared to the second half of the year (summer and fall) (P = 0.030). In general, seasons with a high incidence of ARN were preceded by cold seasons.

In our series, we observed seasonal variability in the incidence of ARN, with the highest incidence during winter and spring. However, further epidemiologic studies in different geographical areas are required to elucidate the true seasonal nature of ARN.

The relationship between high levels of anti-Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV) IgG in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and cerebrovascular atherosclerosis commends a possible similar association in other vessels. We aimed to investigate the association of VZV-seropositivity with coronary artery atherosclerosis. We recruited 88 newly diagnosed patients with more than 50% stenosis in at least one of the main coronary arteries. As the control group, 99 age-matched individuals with normal/insignificant coronary artery findings were included. Clinical, paraclinical, and demographical data were gathered at the time of sampling. High‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hsCRP) levels were measured by nephelometry. VZV-seropositivity was determined by measuring of anti-VZV IgG level in plasma. Multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate the correlation of data with coronary vascular atherosclerosis. The frequency of VZV-seropositivity was significantly higher in the atherosclerosis group compared to the controls (OR=1.88; 95%CI=1.03-3.44). The plasma levels of anti-VZV IgG were significantly higher in patients with atherosclerosis (Median=2.70, IQR=1.53-4.30 AU/mL) than in the controls (Median=2.10, IQR=1.70-3.10 AU/mL, p=0.034). The hsCRP levels in patients and controls were 5.19±2.00 and 1.51±1.07 mg/L, respectively. The correlation between hsCRP and anti-VZV IgG level in plasma was observed (r=0.40, p<0.001). The levels of hsCRP and anti-VZV IgG increased based on the number of diseased vessels but only the difference in hsCRP levels reached a significant level (p<0.001 and p=0.168, respectively). Our data suggest that VZV-seropositivity and hsCRP elevation jointly increase the risk of atherosclerosis. The multifactorial nature of atherosclerosis; however, leaves more options for the inflammatory milieu to be generated.

Varicella (chickenpox) is the primary infection of varicella?zoster virus (VZV), it is a mild self?limiting infection, but it is also highly contagious and can cause severe complications among high?risk group of individuals. It is usually a childhood infection providing lifelong immunity, but adults without varicella history are also susceptible to infection. High?risk group of individuals is more likely to develop serious complications. Varicella vaccine was introduced to protect this group of individuals and to prevent epidemic spread of VZV infection in a community. Tus, it was added to the recommended vaccination schedules for children in most developed countries. Tis review aimed to outline varicella status, seroprevalence, complications, and vaccination in the Middle East region. Based on our fndings, children were the most a?ected age group, but there are also adult cases due to high number of expatriates, especially in Gulf Cooperation Council countries. Central nervous system involvements and skin diseases followed by varicella pneumonia were the most varicella?associated complications. Varicella vaccine was introduced in most Middle East ountries, either mandatory by the Ministries of Health or optional in the private clinics. Few numbers of studies have reported an obvious reduction in varicella prevalence, hospitalizations, and deaths in the Middle East following varicella vaccination. A basic database about varicella infection before the initiation and implementation of a vaccination policy is essential to determine the target group of individuals. As far as our knowledge, this is the frst review about varicella infection in the Middle East.

Varicella zoster virus is the etiologic agent of primary varicella (chickenpox) during childhood, and varicella vaccination has not been introduced in Iran. The aim of this study is to estimate cost‑effectiveness of one‑ and two‑dose Varicella Vaccination Program in Iran.
A decision‑tree model was conducted to evaluate the cost‑effectiveness of the Varicella Vaccination Program in a cohort of 12 months children in Iran. Epidemiologic parameters of varicella were extracted from local and international sources, and cost of disease was estimated based on societal prospective in 2015 US$. Incremental cost per disability‑adjusted life years (DALY) averted calculated as fnal outcome. Sensitivity analysis was also performed for lower and upper estimate of incidence, DALY, and vaccine effcacy.
Considering the vaccine effcacy of 95%, for the two‑dose and 85% for the one‑dose vaccination, incremental cost‑effectiveness ratio (ICER) per DALYs averted were US$41,531 and US$17,280, respectively. ICER has changed between (US$ 6,177–US$167,047) in lower and upper base estimate of epidemiological burden parameters in sensitivity analysis.
Varicella vaccination is not cost‑effective in Iran in one‑dose and two‑dose scenario under the assumptions of this study in base case scenario according to the threshold of incremental cost per DALY averted less than three time of GDP per capita in Iran = US$ 14,292. One‑dose vaccination program might be cost‑effective in upper scenario of epidemiological burden of varicella in sensitivity analysis.

Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) infection among pregnant women can cause a serious threat to the health of mother and fetus. Varicella is clearly less dangerous for immunized mothers. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of VZV antibody among women before marriage.
This cross-sectional study was conducted on 300 women of child-bearing age who referred to Yazd clinic for premarital screening. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique was performed to detect antibodies against VZV. Demographic characteristics of each participant, including age, educational level, place of residence, family and self-reported history of chickenpox were collected by a questionnaire.
Mean age of women under study was 23±5.4 years that 223 participants (73.7%) were seropositive, and 77 cases (25.7%) were seronegative for anti-VZV antibody, while 2 (0.6%) subjects had an equivocal result. A higher immunity ratio (86.4%) was found among older women (33-44 years). Data showed no significant correlation between immunity to VZV and age, educational level, place of residence. A statistically significant association was found between the family history, self-reported history of chickenpox and immunity to VZV. The positive and negative predictive values for self-reported history of chicken pox were 97.1% and 81.1%, respectively.
A significant number of women before marriage had no immunity to VZV. They are in risk of getting varicella, which can cause serious complications in mother and fetus. It, therefore, seems necessary to screen women of child-bearing age for anti-VZV antibody. In addition, vaccination against VZV in Iranian women before marriage can be a good recommendation.

Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV) infection in pregnant women can cause complications for the mother and fetus. The aim of this study was to assess the immunity against VZV among young women before marriage.
In this cross-sectional study 250 of women referring to health centers in Sanandaj, Iran, for pre-marital medical check-up were selected. The VZV IgG was measured by ELISA and demographic characteristics including age, place of residence, number of siblings, occupation, education and history of chickenpox were also collected. Data were analyzed using the R statistical package. To investigate the potential relationship between the variables Chi-square or Fisher's exact tests were used.
Out of 250 women, 178 (71.2%) were diagnosed as antibody positive and 72 (28.8%) as negative. The immunity increased with the individual’s age group (P Noticeable percentages of women were susceptible to VZV, therefore during pregnancy are at risk of infection and possibility of the fetus abnormalities. Screening the immunity and further studies on the need of vaccination before marriage is suggested.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common neurological autoimmune disease, characterized by multifocal areas of inflammatory demyelination within the central nervous system. It has been hypothesized that the stimulation of the immune system by viral infections is the leading cause of MS among susceptible individuals.
The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of the varicella zoster virus (VZV) in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.
Patients and Plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) collected from MS patients (n = 82) and controls (n = 89) were screened for the presence of anti-VZV antibodies and VZV DNA by the ELISA and PCR methods. DNA was extracted from all samples, and VZV infection was examined by the PCR technique. Statistical analysis was used to investigate the frequency of the virus in MS patients and a healthy control group.
Of all the MS patients, 78 (95.1%) and 21 (25.6%) were positive for anti-VZV and VZV DNA, respectively. Statistical analysis of the PCR results showed a significant correlation between the abundance of VZV and MS disease (P These results support the hypothesis that VZV may contribute to MS in establishing a systemic infection process and inducing an immune response.