جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "wastewater treatment plants" در نشریات گروه "پزشکی"

Background and Today, hospital waste is one of the problems facing human societies. Hospital waste contains toxic and dangerous compounds, infectious substances, biological microorganisms, toxic chemicals effluents (resulting from x-ray film processor and disinfectants) and pharmaceutical compounds. The absence of treatment and improper disposal can be a very dangerous to the environment and human’s health. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of wastewater treatment and disposal condition and the quality of hospitals effluent of Hospital in Giulan and Tehran.
This cross-sectional descriptive research studied the wastewater treatment and disposal systems condition and effluent quality in heshmat rasht, aria rasht, rasol akram rasht, 12 Bahman Tehran, erfan tehran, alghadir tehran, fayazbaghsh tehran, hospitals. testedTested for pH, BOD5, COD, TSS and TC in the effluents of wastewater treatment plants using the current standard methods.
The Mean values of pH, TSS, BOD, COD, Total Coliforms and Fecal coliforms in wastewaters- outlet from the studied hospitals were 12 bahman (290 total and 150 fecal) alghadir ( 460total and 240 fecal) erfan (298 total and 171 fecal) fayazbaghsh (290 total and 150 fecal) aria ((>1100 total and >1100 fecal) heshmat (>1100total and >1100 fecal) rasol akram ( >1100 total and >1100 fecal) respectively.
The mean value of TSS, BOD, COD and TC in the wastewater- outlet of the studied hospitals Especially the hospitals studied, Gilan province Higher than the standard output of the country has been approved by the environmental protection agency Of reducing the effectiveness of sewage purification systems remove dirt by at these centers. Therefore, the basic overview in order to improve the effectiveness of this type of treatment in the areas of design, operation and maintenance.

Background and Parabens are a group of Para-hydroxy Benzoic acid alkyl esters which extensively used as preservative in personal care products. Parabens have been recently found in wastewater¡ rivers¡ soil and dust. Therefore¡ the purpose of this study aimed to Monitor the occurrence of parabens from selected wastewater treatment plants (Shahrak Ghods and south of Tehran) and evaluate the performance of different treatment methods for removing these compounds.
In this study¡ the samples from influent and effluent were collected from Shahrak Ghods and South of Tehran wastewater treatment plant as Seasonal and Three samples per season. Concentration of Para-hydroxy Benzoic acid esters was determined by HPLC¡ CECIL¡ 4100 at 242 nm.
After sampling in the different seasons from the west and south treatment plants¡ two selective paraben concentrations (Methyl paraben and Ethyl paraben) were measured. The results showed that average concentration of Methyl paraben (MeP) and Ethyl paraben) EtP( respectively were 740.7 and 277.7 ng/L in the Influent and 179.3 and 45.8 ng/L in the effluent of Shahrak Ghods treatment plant. Also¡ the average concentration of MeP and EtP respectively were 835.3 and 295.3 ng/L in Influent and 132.8 and 29.7 ng/L in the effluent of South of Tehran treatment plant. In the next step¡ Risk assessment of effluent treatment plants discharging to environment with comparing the studies was done. According to the paraben concentration in the effluent of both treatment plants¡ discharge of effluent treatment plants whit selective contaminants¡ have little biological effects on ecosystems.
The removal efficiency of Shahrak Ghods treatment plant in removing parabens¡ was lower than the South of Tehran. But the effluent quality of both treatment plant was less than the Effluent discharge standard. So both of treatment plant have appropriate performance to removal contaminants.

This study aimed to survey a total five common human and veterinary antibiotics, including ampicillin, oxytetracycline, enrofloxacin, tylosin, and ciprofloxacin based on SPE-LC-MS-MS technology in a wastewater treatment plant at central plateau of Iran. Also two sampling techniques, passive and grab samplings were compared in the detection of selected antibiotics. In February to April 2012, grab and passive samples were taken from the influent and effluent of a wastewater treatment plant. The samples were prepared using solid-phase extraction (SPE) and the extracts were analyzed through liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS) with electrospray ionization in positive ionization mode. The results showed that enrofloxacin, oxytetracycline, and tylosin were not detected in none of the samples. However, ampicillin and ciprofloxacin were detected in the grab and passive samples taken from the influent and treated effluent of the plant. Because lack of recovery and matrix effect data, and some technical and economical limitations, the presence of the antibiotics was reported qualitatively. The results imply that passive and grab sampling techniques have similar efficiency in the detection of antibiotics in influent and effluent of the wastewater treatment plant. The presence of ampicillin and ciprofloxacin in raw municipal wastewater entered to the plant and treated effluent may lead to potential emergence of resistant bacteria that should be considered in future studies.

Lack of adequate supervision on the quality of disposal effluent and sludge from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPS) caused to their discharge by many pollutants into the environment. This study aimed to assess the microbial quality of disposal effluent and waste sludge from decentralized WWTPS in Tehran. This cross-sectional study was performed in 12 months on disposal effluent and sludge from 4 decentralized WWTPS in Tehran city. Random sampling was conducted at a monthly period. The microbial quality of disposal effluent and waste sludge were compared with the guidelines of Iranian, and United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), respectively. Effluent and sludge output from these plants typically were used for agricultural purposes. None of the samples of effluent meet Iranian environmental standards. Microbial quality of waste sludge from Shahrak Gharb and Ekbatan WWTPS were higher than class B of USEPA guidelines but, waste sludge from Gheitarieh and Shoosh WWTPS meet this index. At the present time, reuse of effluent and waste sludge from decentralized WWTPS in Tehran city were performed without any health considerations. This is a serious threat to public health; hence, executive and regulatory agencies must take action corrective measures and controls necessary in this regard as soon as possible.

There are high numbers of human pathogenic microorganisms existing in municipal sewage sludge including bacteria، viruses، and protozoan parasites. Therefore، biosolids could be considered as the environmental contaminants and a major carrier of disease causing diseases. As the etiological agents of acute gastroenteritis and hepatitis، enteroviruses are one of the most significant enteric pathogens affecting human health. The aim of this research was to detect the enteroviruses in the sludge of two wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) in Isfahan، Iran.

In this study، 30 biosolid samples were taken from two WWTPs. After measuring the temperature، the samples were transported to the laboratory and analyzed for total solids (TS)، volatile solids (VS) and enteroviruses according to the test methods of Standard Methods (part 9510F) and manual of Control of Pathogens and Vector Attraction in Sewage Sludge from Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) appendix F.

Average temperature of the samples was about 23° C. The average number of enteroviruses was 4. 5 × 106 and 7. 7 × 105 plaque-forming unit (PFU) in 4 grams sludge for two WWTPs، respectively. The statistical analysis revealed a significant association between the enteroviruses and volatile solids. The number of enteroviruses was higher in summer in comparison to autumn.

The results showed that all the biosolid samples could not meet the Class A pathogen requirements for enteroviruses and poses a potential health risk for people exposed to. Therefore، restrictions in land application of biosolids are required in order to protect public health and the environment. Moreover، special biosolid treatment procedures must be used to reduce pathogens and to meet land-application standards.