جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « : COVID-19 » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Vaccination is the most effective approach to combat viruses. The aim of this study was to compare the frequency and severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infections among healthcare workers at Amirkola Children's Hospital, Babol, Iran, before and after vaccination.

The study was conducted cross-sectionally through census method on healthcare workers at a children's hospital in Babol, from March 2020 to 2022. The diagnosis of COVID-19 infection was confirmed when the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test was positive. According to national guidelines, employees were offered three doses of COVID-19 vaccination. This study measured the frequency and severity of COVID-19 infection before and after vaccination. The significance level was set at P < 0.05.  

 Out of a total of 371 healthcare workers, 84 individuals (19.76%) were infected with COVID-19 during the study, with an average age of 40.06 ± 9.33 years. The frequency of COVID-19 infection was 69.9% before vaccination, and after receiving the first, second, and third doses of the corona vaccine, it was 30.1%, 21.5%, and 11.3%, respectively. There was a significant difference in the severity of the disease before and after the first (P < 0.001) and second (P = 0.043) vaccinations. However, there was no significant difference in the severity of the disease before and after the third round of vaccination (P = 0.523).

Based on the results of the present study, the infection rate and severity of COVID-19 decreased after receiving the coronavirus vaccine. Therefore, vaccination according to standard instructions is recommended for healthcare workers.

The respiratory disease Covid-19 was first detected in Wuhan, China and spread as a pandemic. The mental vulnerability of nursing students to the stress caused by professional challenges, especially during the corona virus pandemic, was one of the problems that had to be addressed. The purpose of this study is to investigate depression, anxiety and stress in nursing students of Tehran Islamic Azad University of Medical Sciences during the corona virus pandemic in 2021.

This research is a cross-sectional descriptive study that was conducted in the secend half of 2021 in the nursing faculty of Tehran Islamic Azad University of Medical Sciences among 108 nursing students. The data collection tool includes two parts of the demographic characteristic's questionnaire as well as the DASS-21 depression, anxiety and stress scale, which was provided to the students as an online questionnaire. For data analysis, SPSS software version 16 was used for descriptive statistics and chi-square test, and a significance level of less than 0.05 was considered.

Based on DASS-21, the average stress intensity of the participants was 8.40 ± 0.5, the average depression intensity of the participants was 6.41 ± 0.51, and the average anxiety intensity of the participants was 5.48 ± 0.41. There was no significant relationship between the background variables of age, gender, marriage and hospital employment with the level of depression, anxiety and stress of the students participating in the research.

According to the obtained results, the stress subscale had the highest intensity and the anxiety subscale had the lowest intensity among the participants. It seems that nationwide vaccination against covid-19 disease and paying attention to training nursing students to face similar critical cases and increasing personal protective equipment during the pandemic can be effective in preventing nursing students from depression, stress and anxiety.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and diseases with respiratory symptoms in gatherings such as schools have the potential to escalate into an epidemic. Given the absence of any approved specific treatment for these diseases, prevention remains the only viable approach. This study aimed to investigate the impact of messages rooted in the extended parallel process model (EPPM) on the perceptual dimensions and preventive behaviors related to COVID-19 among girl students in primary schools in Borkhar City, Iran, in 2021.

This randomized controlled educational trial was conducted on 300 elementary students in Borkhar City using a random sampling method. The data collection tool utilized was a researcher-made questionnaire. Students were divided into two intervention groups (intervention through posters and based on the EPPM for teaching prevention behaviors against infectious respiratory diseases such as COVID-19) and one control group.

In the first group of intervention (threat group), after the intervention, the mean scores of attitude (P = 0.030), behavior (P = 0.001), and intention (P = 0.007) variables showed a significant increase compared to before the intervention. In the second group (efficiency group), after the intervention, the mean scores of variables related to denying the authenticity or value of the message (P = 0.001), defensive avoidance (P = 0.027), self-efficacy (P = 0.017), and fear (P = 0.042) also showed a significant increase compared to before the intervention.

In general, posters containing information about threats based on the EPPM had a greater impact on perceptual dimensions and preventive behaviors against infectious respiratory diseases like COVID-19. The application of the EPPM was effective in creating perceived intensity and sensitivity towards performing preventive behaviors, as well as in enhancing the attitude, intention, and behaviors of the group studied.

Since 2019, a new strain of the coronavirus family has caused a pandemic and many infections all over the world. Considering that medical students, due to their extensive contact with patients in the clinical setting, have a higher risk of COVID-19, the aim of this study was measure the level of knowledge about this disease and self-evaluation of the extent of performing preventive behaviors among medical students.

 In this analytical cross-sectional study that was conducted among 209 medical interns and externs of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences in 2022. Knowledge and preventive behaviors were evaluated by an online questionnaire containing 24 questions. The validity of the questionnaire was also checked by calculating CVR and CVI. They had acceptable values, and finally, the correlation between these variables was checked by statistical tests.

The level of knowledge of the participants about COVID-19 was 89.2%; the rate of performing preventive behaviors was 81.8%. No significant difference was found between the two genders in the variables. The level of knowledge had a weak but significant positive correlation with the amount of performing preventive behaviors.

The participants' knowledge about the disease and preventive behaviors was at a high level. Considering the emergence of new subspecies and the chance of new epidemics, there seems to be a need to freshen up students’ preventive behaviors.

Casirivimab/imdevimab and bamlanivimab are monoclonal antibodies that are used in the treatment of patients with COVID-19. The aim of the present study was to compare the effectiveness and safety of the casirivimab/imdevimab versus bamlanivimab in COVID-19 patients through a systematic review and meta-analysis.

A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases to identify relevant articles up to March 2024. Moreover, a manual search was performed in the sources of primary review and key studies. There was no restriction on the language of the studies. The risk of bias of the studies was conducted using the ROBINS-I tool. Data analysis was performed using Review Manager Software version 5.4.

A total of 10 observational studies involving 10695 patients were included in the study. The results of the meta-analysis showed that casirivimab/imdevimab significantly reduced the hospitalization rate compared to bamlanivimab (odds ratio [OR]: 0.56, %95, 0.40-0.79, P<0.001). However, there was no significant difference between casirivimab/imdevimab and bamlanivimab groups in terms of mortality rate (OR: 0.53, %95, 0.25-1.13, P=0.10), emergency department visit (OR: 0.91, %95, 0.71-1.17, P=0.48), ICU admission (OR: 0.65, %95, 0.33-1.26, P=0.20), mechanical ventilation (OR: 0.28, %95, 0.05-1.54, P=0.14) and adverse events (OR: 0.44, %95, 0.15-1.34, P=0.15).

The results of this meta-analysis showed that there is no difference between casirivimab/imdevimab and bamlanivimab in terms of clinical effectiveness and safety. However, casirivimab/imdevimab has better effectiveness compared to bamlanivimab in reducing hospitalization rates in the patients with COVID-19.

The coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is one of the most important public health issues, and the evaluation and improvement of COVID-19 health literacy and self-care can be effective in preventing its spread. This study was conducted to investigate the health literacy of COVID-19 and its relationship with self-care among the health ambassadors of Urmia in 2021.

In this descriptive-analytical study, 400 health ambassadors of Urmia were selected using the cluster random sampling method. The data-gathering tool was a questionnaire, including questions about self-care, COVID-19 health literacy, and demographic information. The data were analyzed by SPSS 19 using analysis of variance and regression tests.

COVID-19-related health literacy was reported to be at a good level (63.5%) in most health ambassadors. In addition, it had a statistically significant relationship with the level of education and economic status. Similarly, there was a significant relationship between self-care and demographic characteristics such as age, gender, level of education, occupation, and economic status (P>0.05). On the other hand, according to data analysis results, with an increase in health literacy related to COVID-19, regression modeling could predict 22% of self-care behaviors in the participants of the present study.

Overall, there is a need for interventions by healthcare professionals for training to increase health literacy related to COVID-19 that results in self-care and adoption of health behaviors in health ambassadors, given the significance of COVID-19-related health literacy and its effects on self-care in these ambassadors.

The findings of this study can be presented to the Deputy of Health and healthcare providers so that actions can be taken to promote health literacy and self-care and prevent similar epidemics.

In late December 2019, pneumonia originating from nCOV-2019 spread rapidly around the world, and in March 2020, the World Health Organization officially declared it a pandemic and chose the name "COVID-19" for the resulting disease. A significant proportion of COVID-19 patients experience severe pulmonary complications and life-threatening conditions that necessitate respiratory support and admission to the intensive care unit (ICU). Since the detection of the first case of COVID-19 in Iran, the country has experienced several waves, with different strains of the coronavirus prevailing in each wave. According to the studies conducted in this field, in the first wave, the alpha strain (B.1.1) 7), the second wave of the beta strain (B.1.351), the third wave of the gamma strain (P.1), the fourth wave of the delta strain (B.1.617.2) and in the fifth wave the Amicron strain (B.1.1.529) of the strain were dominant in patients. This study aims to evaluate the clinical and paraclinical findings, as well as the outcomes, of COVID-19 patients admitted to the intensive care units at a referral teaching hospital in northern Iran during the first through fifth waves of the pandemic.

This research is a descriptive-analytical retrospective study that was conducted on all patients with COVID-19 who were hospitalized in the ICU of Razi Qaemshahr Hospital (Infectious Diseases Referral Center of Mazandaran Province) in first to fifth waves. Personal information, underlying diseases, time from the onset of symptoms to a hospital visit, laboratory tests, and length of stay of the patient in the intensive care unit was collected through dossier reading and spss25 software was used for statistical analysis.

Out of the 304 patients admitted to the ICU during the first through fifth waves of the COVID-19 outbreak, 50.3% were male. The age range of the patients was from 22 years to 98 years with an average of 65.14±15.08. 244 patients had at least one underlying disease. So 41% of the patients had diabetes and 50% had blood HTN. Among 244 patients with underlying disease, only 28 patients recovered and 216 patients died, which difference was significant (P=0.01). The second wave had the highest number of patients (25.7%), while the third wave had the lowest (16.4%). The average hemoglobin level differed significantly between the second and fourth waves, being 1.37 units lower in the fourth wave. The mortality rates varied significantly across the different waves (P<0.001), with a rate of 100% in wave 1, 85.9% in wave 2, 82% in wave 3, 64.3% in wave 4, and 93% in wave 5. Regarding underlying health conditions, no significant differences were observed among patients across waves 1 to 5. Notably, among the 244 patients with underlying diseases, only 28 recovered, while 216 passed away (P= 0.01).

Male Gender and underlying conditions, particularly diabetes and heart failure, are influential factors in determining the prognosis and severity of the disease. The mortality in the fourth wave has decreased significantly and the maximum rate of recovery of patients was in this wave.

COVID-19, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has been associated with damage to multiple organ systems. One of the noteworthy aspects of the virus is its effect on male fertility and the reproductive system. We aimed to overview the involved molecular pathways to prospect the virus's effects on male reproductive tissue, spermatogenesis, and semen parameters.

PubMed and Scopus databases (papers published from 2020 to 2023) were searched for studies reporting the impact of COVID-19 on the related pathways associated with the male reproductive system at the level of cells, and 98 articles were reviewed.

The effects of COVID-19 may arise directly due to the virus's attacks on the male reproductive system or may be due to an undesirable overreaction of the immune response, such as cytokines storm or fewer. Renin-Angiotensin System and PI3K/AKT signaling pathway are also involved; counts and sperm motility were decreased, although approximately recovery was observed in survivals within months. Contrasting the drugs used for treating COVID-19 that had contradictory effects regarding vaccines, it seems there is no tangible adverse effect on male fertility.

The impact of SARS-CoV-2 on male fertility and the reproductive system is notable due to the presence of two major host factors, ACE2 and TMPRSS2, and involving the related pathways. It is possible that these organs could be involved, leading to effects on future generations. Understanding the process may provide a clue for managing the efficacies.

As with other diseases during COVID-19, there are psychiatric aspects that require monitoring. The main objective of this study was to investigate the variation of psychiatric consultations requested in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 and the relationship between these consultations and patient prognosis.

In this cross-sectional study, the patients included those were  from admitted to the COVID-19 departments of Arak University of Medical Sciences. DSM-5 criteria were reviewed.

This study has shown that approximately 5.9% of COVID-19 patients admitted to hospitals have experienced psychiatric disorders, with delirium being the most common manifestation, especially among older individuals. The occurrence of delirium is significantly associated with higher mortality rates and low blood oxygen levels (p<0.05). The relationship between gender and specific psychiatric disorders was also investigated, revealing a significant correlation with anxiety, depression, and delirium (p<0.05). Moreover, concerning delirium disorder, a meaningful correlation was found with the prevalence and a history of neurological and psychiatric disorders (p<0.05).

By examining the patients, variety of consultations were divided into three categories: depression disorders, anxiety disorders, and delusions. It was found that the most common category which was clearly related to the death of patients was delusions.Therefore, the history of delirium disorder in the patient as well as the occurrence of delirium during hospitalization are important risk factors for patient mortality.