جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « الانزاپین » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Olanzapine (2-methyl-4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-10H-thieno [2, 3-b][1, 5]benzodiazepine) is an antipsychotic drug with poor water-solubility that has a suitable affinity to some receptors. This benzodiazepine derivative is a new (atypical) antipsychotic drug and has a wide range of efficacy, especially in treatment of patients with negative psychiatric symptoms of schizophrenia. Olanzapine is used in psychotic disorders, mood disorders, and acute restlessness in bipolar patients. Its oral absorption is low and about 40% of the drug is metabolized in first-pass hepatic metabolism. This drug has low permeability into the brain related to remove by p-glycoprotein efflux and blood-brain-barrier (BBB) existence. Emerging nanotechnology during recent years demonstrated the tremendous ability of nanoparticles as versatile nanocarrier systems. This emerging technology has raised promising attempts to address the significant impact on decreasing side effects of drugs and their associated defects. Olanzapine can be administrated by different routes. Intranasal delivery of olanzapine to the brain due to lack of blood-brain-barrier in the olfactory system has facilitated its delivery. In this review article, several olanzapine nano-drug delivery systems are listed by reviewing their results, including nanosuspensions, nanoemulsions, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN), niosomes, transfersomes, nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC), polymeric nanoparticles (PNP), etc.

In situ gel formation of Glycerol Monooleate (GMO) has been utilized to release many drugs. The aim of this research was to optimize, and in-vitro characterization of the controlled release and formulation of the matrices containing Olanzapine (OZ), GMO and Polyethylene glycol (PEG 300). Methods and Materials: Response surface methodology (RSM) is a combination of mathematical and statistical techniques. In this study, Design-Expert® software with Box-Behnken response surface methodology has been used to determine the relationships between variables and responses. GMO/water weight ratio (w/w) different and PEG 300/GMO (w/w) were in the range of 2-4% and 2-6% respectively. Percentage of loading; and release at 12th and 168th hr were calculated. In-vitro release studies of OZ from prepared gels were conducted in PBS (pH 6.8) and then analyzed by spectrophotometer at 265 nm. The optimum formulation was obtained at weight ratio of water/GMO (w/w) and PEG (300)/GMO (w/w) at 0.28 and 0.2 respectively, and percentage of OZ was at 4%. The observed and predicted values for EE % were 86.8 %, 90.31% respectively those parameters for release at 12th hr were 16.1% and 15% and for release at 168th hr, were 59.8 % and 63.56% respectively. In this study we performed kinetic release profile of OZ with several models, from which Higuchi model showed the best fitting and correlation.

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is the fourth prevalent psychiatric disorder. Despite the known first line therapies including Clomipramin and Specified Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRI), 40% to 50% of the patients are either resistant to treatment or do not show enough response. On the other hand, some of the previous studies have shown a positive effect of Olanzapine augmentation therapy in the OCD patients but, some studies have not confirmed such effects. Therefore, we added the Olanzapine to the medical regimen of the OCD patients and studied the effectiveness of this intervention. Forty two patients with OCD according to DSM-IV-TR who were resistant to treatment with SSRI were entered to the study. 20 patients in the study group were taken 5-10 mg Olanzapine in addition to their previous drug regimen for six weeks. 22 patients in the control group received the above mentioned drug regimen without Olanzapine. Then, in order to evaluate the severity of disorder, the Yale-Brown test was done at the first, third and the sixth weeks after the study. 6 patients were withdrawn from the study because of the complications of the Olanzapine. YBOCS score in the treatment group was 33.6 ± 5 and in the control group was 34.8 ± 3.3. After Olanzapine augmentation therapy the score decreased to a mean of 7.2 ± 6.1 in the treatment group and 7.1 ± 5.9 in the control group. However, there was no significant statistical difference between the two groups (P>0.001). The findings of this study showed that Olanzapine as augmentation, supplemental and strengthening therapy has a neutral effect in OCD patients.

Priapism is a rare but serious side effect of psychotropic drugs with incidence of 15-26%. Approximately all of of the atypical antipsychotic drugs are reported with this complication.in this report a 24-years old man with multiple delusions which was treated with risperidone(6mg),was affected by priapism after two months. After drug dose reduction and finally discontinuation, olanzapine(5mg) was started. Only one dose of this drug cause recurrence of priapism. Therefore this drug was discontinued also. After clozapine starting(150mg),priapism was induced. Therefore it is necessary for physicians whom prescribe serotonin-dopamin antagonist drugs must consider this rare but serious side effect.

Background and Low extrapyramidal symptoms, weight gain, increased fasting blood sugar and cholestrole are some of the side effects of antipsychotic drugs that can be dangerous for patients. Atypical antipsychotics like olanzapine have little extrapyramidal side effects, but they may induce weight gain and increase FBS. In this simple randomized double blind chincal trial, 80 admitted patients of psychiatric wards of Noor hospital were randomly divided in two groups, 40 in each. Patients who had past history of diabetes melltus and family history of DM in the first degree relations and/or had undergone diabetogenic drugs thrapy from 15 days before this research or had fatness (BMI > 28) were excluded from study. These two groups were statistically matched for age, sex and diagnosis. Primaly FBS was measured 24 to 48 hours after admission and secondary FBS is measured 1 month after the beginning of the treatment. Mean FBS increased in both groups. In typical antipsychotics group, the mean of primary FBS was 89.3 ± 11.1 and the mean of secondary FBS was 94.9 ± 12.6. Paired t-test showed that this difference is statistically significant (t = 206, p=0.01) and in olanzapine group the mean of primary and secondary FBS were 94.9 ± 14.35 and 101.8 ± 22.4 respectively. Paired t-test showed that this difference is statistically significant too (t = 2.44, p= 0.01). Medium and high potent typical antipsychotics and olanzapine showed significant changes in FBS, however, the differences were not meaningful between these two groups (t = 0.38, p = 0.7). Although both typical antisychotic (medium and high potent) and olanzapine show significant difference in increasing FBS but the difference between these two, groups for increasing FBS were not meaningful. Therefore, case reports are not sufficient for assessing the effects of olanzapine on fasting blood sugar.