جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « انرژی » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Greenhouse gas emissions and air pollutants are major challenges facing humanity today, mainly due to the consumption of energy sources. Industry makes an important contribution to the development of a country, but also contributes to increased energy consumption, which is unavoidable. To address this issue, the use of energy and emissions modeling can be very helpful in understanding the processes involved in reducing energy consumption, identifying emissions patterns and assessing the social costs associated with these emissions.

In this study, a systemic dynamics model was developed to calculate greenhouse gas emissions and air pollutants in the industrial sector of Isfahan province. The model considers industrial energy consumption for the years 2011-2020 and estimates the social costs associated with these emissions. Various development scenarios were applied to the model and the reduction in social costs was calculated.

The social costs associated with greenhouse gas emissions and air pollutants were between 2.58 and 3.79 million dollars (based on 2002 USD). The highest social costs occurred in 2012and the lowest in 2014. Carbon dioxide was found to be the largest contributor to these social costs.

Mazut fuel and the resulting greenhouse gas emissions are the main contributors to social costs in the study area, and industry and power plants are known to be the main consumers of this fuel. Therefore, the scenario in which mazut fuel is banned from industry has the greatest impact on reducing social costs. Furthermore, despite the higher efficiency of combined cycle power plants compared to gas-fired power plants, the scenario of converting gas-fired power plants into combined cycle power plants is recognized as the last proposed scenario to reduce social costs.

It is necessary to investigate nutritional statuses of the people and how household consume foods in the country provide evidence and use them for education, promotion of food literacy and nutritional policies. The objective of this study was to assess and compare energy and nutrient intakes from the usual household food baskets based on climatic regions classification, 2015–2018.

In this repeated cross-sectional study, data of the household`s income and expenditure survey (HIES) of 128,716 Iranian households, 2015–2018, were used. Based on the division of Iran's provinces into 11 climatic regions in a study on the micronutrient status of Iran (National Integrated Micronutrient Survey 2012, NIMS-2), national data of the household income expenditure survey in 2015–2018 were separated. To estimate quantities of intake from the household usual baskets, the household intake quantity for each food item was converted to the individual level using adult male equivalent (AME) index. Using Nutritionist 4 software and coding in R program, quantities of energy intakes and micronutrients of iron, calcium, riboflavin and vitamin A were calculated. One-way analysis of variance and post-hoc tests were used to compare energy intakes and nutrients received from the usual household food baskets, 2015–2018.

In the four studied years, the highest average intake of energy (3127.575 kcal) and iron (27.453 mg) belonged to the Climatic Region 10 (Ilam, Kurdistan, Kermanshah, Lorestan and Hamedan), the highest average calcium (1070.82 mg) and riboflavin (2.275 mg) belonged to the Climatic Region 2 (West Azerbaijan, East Azerbaijan and Ardabil) and the highest average of vitamin A intake (624.347 µg) belonged to the Climatic Region 9 (Zanjan, Qazvin, Qom and Markazi). The lowest average intake of all items except vitamin A in the four years of the study was linked to the Climatic Region 11 (Fars, Kerman, Kohkilouyeh and Boyer Ahmad) and the lowest average intake of vitamin A belonged to the Climatic Region 5 (Sistan Baluchistan and South Khorasan). Except for energy consumption, iron, calcium and riboflavin in the Climatic Region 7 (Bushehr, Hormozgan and Khuzestan) and calcium and riboflavin in the Climatic Region 8 (Tehran and Alborz), energy consumption and assessed micronutrients decreased in all climatic regions in 2018, compared to 2015. Regarding consumption of micronutrients, the average consumption of iron in all climatic regions in the four years of the study was higher than the recommended RDA. For calcium, intake was more than the RDA recommendation only in the Climatic Region 2. The average consumption of riboflavin was higher than the RDA recommendation in all the climatic regions. Regarding vitamin A, the average consumption in the four years of the study was lower than the RDA recommendation in all the climatic regions.

Overall, the findings showed that energy and micronutrient intakes from the usual household food baskets generally decreased over the years of the study. This situation was more significant in the Climatic Region 11 with significant droughts and in the Climatic Region 5 as a dry climatic region with low socioeconomic statuses. In addition, the average intakes of calcium and vitamin A in all climatic regions (except Climatic Region 2 regarding calcium) were lower than the recommended RDA. These findings emphasize the necessity of further planning for the implementation of policies focusing on food supports in drought-affected and deprived climatic regions.

Health organizations such as hospitals have a significant role in the environment and by considering the type of activity and how they affect the environment, we can understand the importance of these centers. Over the decades, the international community has designed and developed various models to prevent the harmful effects of the environment by various organizations. These patterns include various indicators in the health sector. The described indicators include: environmental management, building and environment design, energy and water consumption, air quality and pollutants, waste, preferred environmental purchases and chemical materials. Considering the importance of the indicators and its effects on the performance of the hospital, in this study, which was conducted as a review, a review of the indicators and the reasons for its importance.

Nurses are the largest group of professionals among health care workers who play a significant role in the community health system. Nurses work in environments where the life and death of patients are the most important issues, so their health and well-being become important and having a happy and positive spirit can help them improve their health and that of their patients. Organizations are also increasingly aware of the importance of their employees' well-being in striving to gain sustainable competitive advantages. Over the past decade, the concept of subjective well-being (SWB) has become a popular research topic, and many researchers have examined its implications at the organizational, group, and individual levels in the workplace. Subjective well-being helps organizations to effectively engage their employees at work in an attempt to achieve a sustainable competitive advantage. Sustaining employees' subjective well-being is a difficult task. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the relationship between intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation, and amotivation with nurses' subjective well-being through the mediating role of energy in the workplace.

 This correlational study was conducted in 2020 following structural equation modeling (SEM). The statistical population of this study included all nurses at Baqai Hospital in Ahvaz. The total number of nurses in this hospital was about 200. According to the population size, all nurses were selected as the sample through census method. Among the collected questionnaires, 193 questionnaires were analyzed. The instruments used in this study were: Multidimensional Work Motivation Scale (MWMS) developed by Gagné et al., Energy Scale (ES) developed by Atwater and Carmeli, and Subjective Well-Being Scale (SWBS) developed by Diener et al. The theoretical research model and indirect effects were evaluated using structural equation modeling with partial least squares (PLS-SEM) approach in Smart-PLS3 software.

 According to the results, the scales used in the present study were reliable, and their reliability indices were estimated as follows: (Cronbach’s alpha: intrinsic motivation=0.91, extrinsic motivation=0.83, amotivation=0.77, energy=0.90, subjective well-being=0.89; composite reliability: intrinsic motivation=0.93, extrinsic motivation=0.89, amotivation=0.87, energy=0.92, subjective well-being=0.92) and convergent validity (AVE: intrinsic motivation=0.68, extrinsic motivation=0.65, amotivation=0.69, energy=0.59, subjective well-being=0.69). The discriminant validity was acceptable as well. Also, the general model of the present study had a strong and very good fit according to the goodness of fit index (GoF = 0.53). The results showed that intrinsic motivation (β = 0.43, p <0.001) and amotivation (β = -0.19, p <0.037) had significant positive and negative relationships with energy, respectively. The relationship between extrinsic motivation and energy was not significant (p > 0.05). Also, the relationship between energy and subjective well-being was positive and significant (β = 0.68, p <0.0001). Overall, intrinsic motivation and amotivation predicted 39% of energy variance, and energy predicted 46% of mental well-being. Regarding the mediating role of energy, the results showed that energy mediated the relationship between intrinsic motivation and subjective well-being (β =0.29, p <0.001) and the relationship between amotivation and subjective well-being (β =-0.13, p <0.042).

 According to the results, intrinsic motivation and amotivation affect nurses' energy in the workplace. Therefore, the researchers of the present study have several practical suggestions for managers to conserve and nurture the energy and subjective well-being of their workforce. In this regard, it is suggested that managers increase the internal motivation of employees and reduce their amotivation by increasing participation, increasing the level of authority, the possibility of career advancement, as well as determining more benefits. Creating opportunities for the growth and development of individual skills through empowerment programs, as well as facilitating success by minimizing barriers and reducing pressures and requirements, can also provide the basis for increasing employees' intrinsic motivation. Also, our findings demonstrate that energy is closely related to subjective well-being. Therefore, we recommend that HR practitioners carefully recruit resilient and enthusiastic individuals with high energy levels and an overall positive approach even in adverse and stressful conditions. Moreover, firms should make sincere efforts to promote optimal employee energy levels by formal and informal ways such as: (1) encouraging them to behave enthusiastically, (2) showing persistence even when they encounter negative situations, (3) providing a flexible work environment by allowing short breaks so that employees can relax with co-workers, and (4) holding training and energy management workshops. Here, the real challenge for management is not only to reach an optimal level of employee energy but also to maintain that level. Our study contributes to the subjective well-being literature by bringing attention to the direct and indirect mechanisms that influence the relationship between employee motivation and subjective well-being. We believe that further research in this area will better allow managers to understand how to promote employee happiness and overall well-being. There are few limitations that are needed to be considered while interpreting our research findings. The first limitation of this study is common method variance and mono-method since we utilized self-reported measures for all the study variables, which may inflate or deflate the association between study variables. Future researchers may utilize alternative data sources to reduce mono-method bias, such as manager’s appraisals for assessing employee energy level and peer/colleague rating of work motivation in order to verify our proposed model. The second potential limitation is that causality among the study variables cannot be drawn because this study is correlational. Therefore, future studies may try to examine the causation among the study variables by utilizing longitudinal and experimental study designs.

In recent years, the construction industry, especially hospitals affected by sustainable development, have created concepts such as "sustainable building" and "green hospital". With the development of implementation and evaluation systems of Green Hospital, various methods were presented. The common point of all these methods was the three areas of optimal consumption of water, energy, and less waste generation. This study was conducted to investigate the status of these areas.

This is a retrospective descriptive cross-sectional study. The research population includes a selected military hospital in Tehran, Iran. Information on the consumption and cost of energy, water, and also the amount of waste production over a period of three years (2014-2016) in 2017 were collected and analyzed.

On average, the hospital consumes 80.79 kWh of electricity and 12.12 m3 of gas at a cost of 25861 Rials and 10808 Rials per active day bed, respectively. This statistic is active for 1124 liters of water consumption at a cost of 16,993 Rials per day bed. Waste production was on average 3.67 kg per active day bed, of which 42% was infectious waste.

The results showed that water and electricity consumption were 2.20 and 10.1 times the existing standards, respectively. The average production of total waste was 2.5 to 3.7 times and infectious waste was estimated to be 27% higher than international standards. It is recommended that hospitals adopt environmental protection strategies, hold training courses, manage waste, and allocate the necessary funds. In the macro dimension, the binding of these measures and the development of local indicators will be a useful solution. The lack of mandatory standards for measuring and reducing the studied indicators is a national challenge and it is suggested that the hospital reduces the statistics.

Roasting is one of the common methods of nuts processing and its purpose is to increase the total acceptability of products. The conventional roasting using hot air oven has drawbacks of low production rate, poor product quality, and high energy cost. Therefore, there is a need to develop new processing methods that can produce roasted products. The combined infrared-hot air system was explored as a new roasting method for peanut kernels.

In this study the combination of infrared (IR) and hot-air was explored for roasting of peanut kernels and the effects of processing conditions including hot air temperature (100 and 120 °C) and infrared power (130 W, 165 W and 200 W) on different characteristics of kernels (moisture content and energy consumption) were investigated. Roasting kinetics of peanut kernels were explained and compared using five mathematical models. In order to determine the coefficients of these models, non-linear regression analysis was applied.

According to the statistical analysis, two-term and logarithmic models showed the best fitted results. These models have acceptable R2 and adj R2 and low RMSE under all roasting conditions. Effective diffusivity coefficient of peanut kernels varied between 1. 915× 10-7 - 6.054× 10-7 m2/s. The value of Deff increased by increasing temperature and IR power. The results also showed that by increasing temperature and IR power, the moisture content (%, db.) of samples decreased and energy consumption increased.

This study demonstrated that combination of infrared and hot-air roasting can produce high-quality roasted peanuts with lower energy cost; therefore it could be considered as a new technology for the peanut roasting industry.

This study aimed at assessing the association of HDL-C level with nutritional factors and anthropometric indices in subjects with low HDL-C levels.

This descriptive analytical cross-sectional study was conducted on 138 overweight adults with HDL-C < 40 mg/dL. After 14-h fast, HDL-C levels were measured. Physical activity level, fat mass, lean mass, height, weight, waist and hip circumference were measured using standardized protocols, and body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, and waist-to-height ratio were calculated. Dietary intakes were assessed using three 24-h dietary recalls.

The mean±SD age of participants (61% males) was 46.6 ±13.6 years. After adjustment for confounding factors, no significant association between HDL-C level and intakes of energy or, macro-and micro nutrients were observed. Among the nutritional factors studied, intakes of total polyunsaturated fatty acid (β= 0.213, P=0.012), linoleic acid (β= 0.148, P=0.046), alpha linolenic acid (β= 0.136, P=0.044) and docosahexaenoic acid (β= 0.165, P=0.035) were found to have significant positive associations with HDL-C levels. Also linear regression analysis showed an inverse association between HDL-C levels and weight (β= -0.224, P=0.041), waist circumference (β= -0.187, P=0.050) and waist to hip ratio (β= -0.236, P=0.036).

HDL-C level had significant associations with some of the dietary and anthropometric factors.