جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « ایمینوهیستوشیمی » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women around the world. It has been known for over a century that androgens and androgen receptor (AR) play a role in normal and neoplastic breast cells. The aim of this study was to determined the AR expression on tumor cells and its correlation with other prognostic and predictive factors as well as contribution of AR in patients overall survival (OS) and disease- free survival (DFS). This retrospective cross-sectional study performed on 189 patients who referred to Medical Oncology Ward of Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, from April 2007 to February 2010. We performed an immunohistochemistry study for AR (AR441 clone, Dako, Germany) (10% cut-off point) and Ki-67 MIB-1 clone, Dako, Germany) on paraffin embedded blocks. Other data were extracted from patients’ documents. Overall, AR expression was 49.1%. Mean age of the patients with and without AR was 47.86 and 48.49 years, respectively. AR positive tumors presented more in stage I/II than III/IV (P=0.02) and AR were more positive for estrogen receptor positive, lower grade of tumor (grade I/II versus III) and lower Ki-67 (P=0.01). AR positivity had neither correlation with progesterone receptor, HER2/neu, P53 expression or menopausal status. OS and DFS were higher in AR positive patients but did not reach statistical significance. In triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) group, 25% of tumors showed AR expression. AR had non-significant positive correlation with OS in TNBC cancer patients. OS and DFS had significant statistic positive correlation with ER, PR and stage regardless of AR status. Based on this study, although androgen receptor expression showed correlation with other prognostic factors for survival in patients, we didn’t find statistically significant independent relationship between AR and overall survival in patients. As far as there isn’t any targeted therapy for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), prospective basic and clinical studies regarding AR inhibitors in the treatment of TNBC seems to be logical and valuable.

Muscular dystrophies are often multisystemic disorders with progressive muscle weakness and defects in muscles’ protein. There are nine subtypes of muscular dystrophies such as dystrophinopathies, sarcoglycanopathies and congenital muscular dystrophies. It is necessary to have definite diagnosis of muscular dystrophies by clinical and experimental tools such as CK activity assay, electromyography or ultrasonography, PCR and muscle biopsy in order to have the benefits of genetic counseling, prenatal diagnosis, and possible treatments and also to decrease the prevalence of the disease. So, for the first time in Iran and in order to diagnose and differentiate muscular dystrophies at protein levelو 72 patients underwent muscle biopsy followed by histopathology and immunohistichemisry assays. In conclusion, 44 patients were identified: 24 patients with dystrophinopathy including 6 duchenne muscular dystrophies and 18 becker muscular dystrophies, 14 patients with limb-girdle muscular dystrophy including 11 sarcoglycanopathies and 3 dysferlinopathies and 6 patients with merosin deficiency (congenital muscular dystrophy). Furthermore, tissue samples of 28 patients which are all positive for the available antibodies were stored for future studies.

Estrogen receptor alpha protein status is determined by routine immunohistochemistry analysis in all malignant breast tumors. This assay has its limitations. RNA based techniques are potential complements for immunohistochemistry but it must be noticed that gene silencing may occur at different levels from RNA to protein. The aim of this study was the comparison of the results from these two assays and characterizing the tumors subgroup in which gene expression occurs at RNA level but the target protein is absent. 92 primary breast tumors including their clinical and IHC results were collected before treatment. Estrogen receptor gene expression of tumors was studied by Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT PCR). In this assay, GAPDH was used as a reference gene. 36.6 % of tumors with negative estrogen receptor protein showed gene expression at mRNA level. In this subgroup most of the patient were older than 50 years and in stages 3 or 4 of breast cancer and had poor prognosis according to Nottingham prognostic index. Most cases of the perineural invasion have been seen in this subgroup. It seems that RT-PCR assay would enable us to recognize a subgroup of breast tumors with poor prognosis which expresses RNA but not protein.