جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « بهوشیاری » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Resilience is a concept presented in the context of positive psychology and has a special place, especially in the fields of developmental psychology, family psychology, and mental health. This study aimed to predict resilience based on self-esteem, self-compassion, and mindfulness in the conditions of public quarantine of Coronavirus. In this descriptive-correlational study, 174 individuals who entered the psychological services clinic in Qazvin from October to February 2020, simultaneously with the third wave of Coronavirus outbreak and mandatory quarantine declaration, were selected by purposeful sampling. After obtaining informed consent, the scales of resilience, self-esteem, self-compassion, and mindfulness were used to collect information. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and multivariate regression. There was a significant positive relationship between resilience and self-compassion, mindfulness, and self-esteem (F=139.24, p<0.01). The results of multivariate regression analysis indicated that variables of self-esteem and self-compassion could predict resilience with β=0.37 and β=0.59, respectively (p<0.01); and mindfulness could not predict resilience (p>0.05). The results showed that self-esteem and self-compassion were associated with resilience in quarantined individuals; and mindfulness was not related to resilience. Therefore, in order to increase the resilience of the society in the post-Corona conditions and similar critical conditions such as communicable diseases or natural disasters, teachings related to self-compassion and self-esteem can be helpful.

It is highly important to identify the factors related to the general quality of life of parents, especially mothers of children with autism. Therefore, the present study aims to predict parenting stress based on mindfulness and meta-parenting considering the mediating role of parental self-efficacy of mothers of children with autism.

The present correlational study was conducted using the structural equation modeling (SEM) method. The study population included all mothers of 2- to 14-year-old children with autism referring to the therapeutic clinics in Tehran City, Iran, in 2021. Of this population, a total of 250 individuals were selected using the purposive sampling method and then responded to the parenting stress (PSI-SF), mindfulness (MAAS), meta-parenting (M-PQ), and parental self-efficacy (PSAM) questionnaires. The data were analyzed via the SEM method in the AMOS 21.0 software.

The total path coefficient between mindfulness (P < 0.01, β = - 0.671), meta-parenting (P < 0.01, β = - 0.256), and parental self-efficacy (P < 0.01, β = - 0.352), and parenting stress was negative and significant. Also, the indirect path coefficient between parenting stress and mindfulness (P < 0.01, β = - 0.153) and meta-parenting (P < 0.01, β = - 0.116) was negative and significant at the level of 0.01. Moreover, the squared multiple correlation coefficient (R2) for the parenting stress variable was obtained at 0.63.

Mindfulness and meta-parenting can predict parenting stress in mothers of children with autism both directly and with the intermediation of parental self-efficacy. Therefore, to develop interventions for preventing high levels of parenting stress, it is necessary to utilize the findings to improve parents’ parent-child relationships.

 Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory autoimmune, and progressive disease associated with the inflammation of the central nervous system due to demyelination. Despite the numerous biological investigations about MS patients by Iranian researchers; however, only a few studies have addressed disability in patients with MS, mainly focusing on its physical aspects, not the psychological ones. Further, some studies outlined a significant association between psychological resources and physical functions in patients with MS. The multi–process model of integrative self–regulation and sense of coherence has formulated two sets of integrative, psychological resources. The present study aimed to investigate the associations of integrative self–regulation processes, including integrative self–knowledge, self–control, self–compassion, mindfulness, and sense of coherence dimensions, including comprehensibility, manageability, and meaningfulness, with disability in patients with MS.

 The present cross–sectional, analytical, and the fundamental study was conducted in 2019 in various service centers for patients with MS in Tehran and Qom Cities, Iran. The study population included patients with MS living in Tehran and Qom. The statistical sample included 452 patients with MS living in Tehran and Qom. The study's inclusion criteria included the definitive and documented diagnosis of MS by a neurologist, aged 18 to 60 years, the ability to communicate in Persian effectively, and providing informed consent forms. Patients who underwent psychotherapy during the study, whose diagnosis of MS was not definitive, developed obvious cognitive and mental disabilities, underwent spinal anesthesia or general anesthesia surgery over the past month. Severe and chronic comorbidities (e.g., psychotic disorders & cancer illness) and for the past 6 months were involved in divorce/separation, and the loss of first–degree relatives was excluded from the study. A convenience sampling method was used for data collection. The sample was gathered via a multi–center approach to reach a representative sample. The required data were collected by Determined Disease Stages (PDDS) (Learmonth et al., 2013), Orientation to Life Questionnaire–13 (OLQ–13) (Antonovsky, 1987), Integrative Self–knowledge Scale (ISK) (Qorbani et al., 2008), Brief Self–Control Scale (BSCS) (Tangney et al., 2004), Self–Compassion Scale–Short Form (SCS–SF) (Raes et al., 2011), and Mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS) (Brown e& Ryan, 2003. Statistical analysis at two levels of descriptive statistics (including mean, standard deviation, frequency, & percentage) and inferential statistics (including Pearson correlation test & hierarchical multiple regression tests) was performed in SPSS.

 The obtained results revealed that disability with meaningfulness in life (r= 0.10, p<0.05), integrative self–knowledge (r=–0.13, p<0.01), self–control (r=–0.12, p<0.01) and self–compassion (r=–0.12, p<0.05) indicated a marginally significant relationship. In predicting disability, in addition to the contextual variables of age (β=0.35, p<0.001) and gender (β=0.24, p<0.001), only the self–compassion (β=–0.17, p=0. 007) played a predicting role.

 The disability of MS may not be associated with a severe reduction in integrative psychological resources, as opposed to other studies. However, future studies with longitudinal and intervention designs to investigate the causal relationships and patient benefit can target integrative self–regulation processes, especially compassion for patients themselves.

Dispositional mindfulness is an important component of psychological health. Research shows that factors such as alexithymia and perfectionism affect mindfulness. The present research was performed with the aim of investigating the role of dispositional mindfulness on alexithymia and perfectionism among students of Tabriz University in the academic year 2016-2017. in a descriptive-correlational study, 150 students from the University of Tabriz selected by using the available sampling method participated in the present research. The data were gathered using a five-dimension mindfulness questionnaire (FFMQ), a positive and negative perfectionism scale and a alexithymia scale (TAS-20). The data were analyzed using the Pearson correlation test and the linear regression analysis in the SPSS software. The results showed that there is negative relationship between difficulty in identifying feelings with mindfulness (B=0/24, p=029). Also, negative perfectionism (B=/029) and positive perfectionism (B=-/027) are able to predict the variance of mindfulness in students. According to the obtained results, it can be concluded that difficulty in identifying feeings and perfectionism (Positive and negative) can be determinants of dispositional mindfulness in college students.

In addition to biological and physical risks, psychological factors also play a role in the development and aggravation of essential hypertension disease which is a psycho-physiological disorder. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the comparison of dimensions of alexithymia with emotional intelligence, anxiety, depression and mindfulness in patients with hypertension compared with healthy individuals. Material and Methods: This is a descriptive and causal-comparative study. In this study, 100 patients (50 women and 50 men) with hypertension who referred to a cardiologist’s office in the city of Kermanshah in 2016 were selected by using an available sampling method, and 100 healthy people (50 women and 50 men) were selected and matched with the patients group among the people accompanying the patients and among the hospital staff. Data were collected using questionnaires of demographic variables, TAS-20, HADS, PFEIQ, and MASS was used to analyze the collected data. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square tests and independent t-tests. The results showed that there is a significant difference (p<0.05) between the two groups in hypertension and normal physiological variables in weight, body mass index, difficulty identifying feelings, difficulty describing feelings and externally-oriented thinking; however, this difference was not significant in the case of the variable height (p>0.05). It was also found that there is a significant difference (p<0.05) between people with hypertension and healthy people in all psychological variables studied, namely alexithymia, depression, anxiety, mindfulness, and emotional intelligence. In addition to biological factors, psychological and behavioral factors, which changes more easily, are associated with hypertension. It is suggested that these variables be taken into consideration in the treatment of patients with essential hypertension.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate the attachment styles of people with opioid abuse disorders and their relationship with mindfulness and sleep quality.
In this study, 120 male opioid males, who were sampled by accessible method, responded to the scale of attachment, mindfulness and sleep quality styles. After determining the frequency of each attachment styles, the relationship between the level of mindfulness and the quality of sleep was determined in people with different attachment styles. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA. In case of observing a significant difference the post hoc Tukey test was used.
Mindfulness level in subjects with safe attachment was higher than those with anxiety and ambivalent attachment (p=0.03). No significant difference was found between the level of anxiety and insecure attachment and ambivalent attachment (p>0.05). The lowest mean score of sleep quality was for those with safe attachment style, then ambivalent and, lastly, avoidance. There was no significant difference in the level of sleep quality among people with different attachment patterns (p>0.05).
Individuals with safe attachment style have higher scores, and those with ambivalent attachment style have lower scores. Sleep quality is not affected by mindfulness.

Background and Successful smoking cessation is an important approach in promoting healthy lifestyle. This study investigated the role of self-efficacy، mindfulness and demographic factors in successful smoking cessation. In a cross-sectional descriptive study 284 people attending 10 smoking cessation clinics in Tehran were selected based on convenience sampling. The subjects included 86 people with successful smoking cessation and 198 cases without successful smoking cessation. All participants completed the Smoking Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (SEQ-12)، the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS) and the Demographic Factors Questionnaire. The data was analyzed using Chi Square، t-test and Binary Logistic Regression in SPSS V. 16. The variables that significantly predicted successful smoking cessation were self-efficacy (OR=9. 816; CI: 3. 122-17. 282%)، mindfulness (OR=5. 664; CI: 1. 226-11. 258%)، female gender (OR=4. 009; CI: 1. 655-14. 556%)، university education (OR=7. 801; CI: 2. 866-18. 051%)، and appropriate socio-economic status (OR=6. 605; CI: 1. 467-12. 624%) (P<0. 001). Age did predict success of smoking cessation (p>0/05). Enhancing self-efficacy and mindfulness are believed to be appropriate strategies for increasing probability of success in smoking cessation programs and could be used as therapeutic intervention for smokers. Furthermore، educational level، socio-economic status، and gender are variables that could influence such programs.

The present study investigated mindfulness and satisfaction of basic psychological needs among patients with Coronary Heart Disease (CHD). A questionnaire consisting of Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS), needs satisfaction (NS), coronary prone behavior (CPB), anxiety, depression and perceived stress scales was administered to 101 CHD patients and 103 normal subjects. Collected data from both groups were analyzed by descriptive statistics, comparing of between group means and MANOVA model. Data analysis showed that the group with CHD had lower levels of mindfulness and more coronary prone behaviors in comparison with the normal group, but there was no significant difference in basic needs satisfaction. The CHD patients had higher levels of anxiety, depression, and perceived stress as well. Individuals with CHD are not mindful of the somatic signs such as palpitation and dyspnea before the acute development of the disease, and show more coronary prone behavior in comparison with normal individuals.