جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « تمرینات هوازی » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of combining aerobic exercise and diet with and without mindfulness motivational interviewing on cravings and quality of life of overweight non-athletes’ men.

semi-experimental research method with a pre-test and post-test research design with experimental and control groups. The statistical population of the research was made up of non-athletic men referring to the clubs of Shahrood city. The sampling method was purposeful, and based on the criteria for entering the research, 34 people were selected randomly into 3 control groups (12 people), aerobic exercise and low-calorie diet (11), and aerobic exercise and low-calorie diet together with interviews. Motivation and mindfulness (11) were divided. The research tools included the food craving questionnaire (FCQ) and the World Health Organization quality of life questionnaire. One-way analysis of variance was used for intergroup changes using SPSS version 25 software and a significance level of P<0.05.

The results of the research showed that there is a difference between the post-test averages of craving variables and quality of life in the control and experimental groups (p≥0.001). But there is no significant difference between the two experimental groups (p≤0.001).

It seems that both experimental groups have the same effect on quality of life and craving variables. In this regard, in order to increase the external validity of the research, it is suggested that more research be done.

Although exercise is known as an effective factor in maintaining and improving bone strength; it is not clear that its effects on bone-forming and bone-eating cells of different age groups are the same. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of resistance-endurance training on the number of osteocyte, osteoblast, and osteoclast cells in femur bone tissue in male rats of different ages.

In the present study, 30 male Wistar rats in three age groups of 2 weeks, 6 weeks, and 96 weeks were randomly divided into 2 groups of 5 each, training and control. Resistance-endurance exercises were performed for 6 training sessions per week for 6 weeks. Rats were sacrificed under carbon dioxide gas. H&E staining was used for tissue microscopic examination.

The results of one-way analysis of variance with Tukey's post hoc test showed that higher amounts of osteoblast and osteocyte cells and lower amounts of osteoclast cells in trained rats of all three age groups were significant compared to their control group. The comparison of exercise groups showed that the number of osteoblasts in the child and adult groups, the number of osteocytes in the adult group, and the number of osteoclasts in the adult and elderly groups were higher.

The results showed that resistance-endurance training led to an increase in bone-forming cells and a decrease in bone-eating cells. However, the effects of exercise on bone formation in younger age groups were more than in old age. Nevertheless, the prevention of exercise from the process of bone loss in older age, especially old age, was evident.

Diabetes and obesity are among the main problems of societies, and the main preventable causes of death all over the world. Also, type 2 diabetes is more common in obese people, and obesity itself causes some degree of insulin resistance. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of an eight-week aerobic training plus a supplement of Portulaca Oleracea seed on metabolic syndrome factors in middle-aged men with Diabetes Type 2 on the threshold of obesity.

In this experimental study, 40 male patients with type 2 diabetes with an average age of 40-65 and BMI between 28 and 30, were selected and then randomly placed into four groups of control (10 people), exercise + placebo (10 people), supplement (10 people), and exercise + supplement (10 people). Lack of a history of regular sports activity and lack of consumption of Portulaca oleracea plant (for the previous 6 months) were controlled. Also, people who had chronic cardiovascular diseases or chronic inflammation, diabetic foot ulcers and hepatitis, as well as people who took vitamin supplements and smoked, were excluded from the study. The training groups had 3 training sessions per week, in the first week, each session lasted for 30 minutes, and in the eighth week, it was changed to 45 minutes of walking without rest with an intensity equal to 50 to 70% of the maximum reserve heart rate. Supplemental groups consumed 5.7 grams of purslane capsules after lunch and dinner daily. The control group was not subjected to any training or supplements during the 8 weeks. Correlated t-test was used to examine intra-group differences, and analysis of covariance was used to examine inter-group differences at a significant level of P<0.05 using SPSS version 26 software.

The results of covariance analysis showed a significant difference in lipid profile values and fasting sugar levels in the three experimental groups compared to the control group (P<0.05).

Probably, the consumption of Portulaca oleracea seed supplement and aerobic exercise improves the lipid profile and fasting sugar in middle-aged men with type 2 diabetes. Therefore, it is recommended for middle-aged men with type 2 diabetes on the verge of obesity to take purslane seed supplement and aerobic exercise.

Exercise training and some supplements, such as Nigella Sativa, significantly change inflammatory factors and fat percentage. The present study aims to determine the effects of four weeks of aerobic exercise and the use of Nigella Sativa Oil Supplementation separately or together on fat percentage and C-reactive protein inflammatory index in inactive women. This semi-experimental research was conducted in the form of pre -post-test and the field method. For this purpose, 40 inactive women were selected and randomly divided into four equal groups, including exercise-supplement, exercise-placebo, supplement, and control. Aerobic exercises during four sessions and Nigella Sativa Oil Supplementation in the form of a 1000 mg capsule were given daily after lunch. Fat percentage and CRP were measured before and 48 hours after the last exercise and supplementation protocol. Statistical analysis was performed by paired t-test and analysis of covariance at a significance level of p<0.05. Covariance analysis showed a significant decrease in CRP levels (p<0.001); also, a significant difference was observed between the control group and the experimental groups and between the placebo group and the exercise-supplement and supplement groups (p<.0/05). The intragroup results indicated a significant decrease in CRP in three experimental groups before and after four weeks of training and supplementation (p<0.01). The difference in fat percentage between groups was not significant. There was a significant decrease in fat percentage in the placebo group before and after four weeks of training and supplementation (p<0.05). It is recommended to use the black seed oil supplement alone and in combination with aerobic exercise to improve the effect of aerobic exercise in reducing inflammatory injuries. In order to have a better effect of aerobic exercise in decreasing inflammatory injuries, Nigella Sativa Oil can be used alone and in combination with aerobic exercise.

Asthma is a common chronic airway disease that has a dramatic effect on the process of life, group activity and socio-psychological functioning and even the economic progress of patients. There are currently 300 million asthma patients worldwide and it is predicted that by 2025, 100 million asthma patients will be added to the world population (1). Exacerbation of the symptoms of the disease affects the quality of life as well as the cost of treatment. Complications of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease include respiratory failure, pneumonia or other respiratory infections, right heart failure (pulmonary heart), arrhythmias, and depression. Asthma control is determined by the frequency of symptoms during the day, activity limitations, nocturnal symptoms, the need for essential medications, and lung function (4).
Studies show that unhealthy lifestyles such as inactivity and obesity are associated with negative health consequences in asthma patients, including poor asthma control (5). Among the measures taken to relieve symptoms and improve the functional status of patients with these diseases are pulmonary rehabilitation and breathing exercise and exercise programs that are part of it are used to improve functional status (6). Numerous clinical studies have shown that exercise, as part of a pulmonary rehabilitation program, improves asthma control and overall physical fitness in people with asthma and reduces hospitalization rates (7). Resistance training and strengthening the muscles of inhaling and exhaling are among the techniques that increase respiratory function in respiratory patients (8).
Regarding the beneficial effects of exercise in asthma patients, many studies have shown that physical activity and regular exercise play a beneficial role in reducing respiratory tract inflammation, shortness of breath and improving or maintaining pulmonary capacity such as Forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) and has a Forced vital capacity (FVC) throughout the life of asthma patients (9-12). However, some studies have shown that during the period of sports interventions, patients had emergency conditions and exacerbation of asthma (13,14). Turner et al. Found that some patients had exacerbated asthma during exercise (14).
Asthma in adolescents and children can have detrimental effects on their mood and social activities. Over the past decades, a 100% increase in childhood obesity has been implicated in the prevalence of asthma because it affects the physiopathology and mechanics of the lungs. Because maintaining asthma control through medication is at a difficult level, it seems that getting help from lifestyle changes, such as including regular physical activity in the asthma patients' lifestyle, can help control asthma (8). Recent evidence in systematic studies has led to the support of aerobic exercise as an aid to the treatment of asthma, and despite standard treatment, its supply to asthma patients has become essential. However, the role of regular exercise, especially breathing exercises, in very limited asthma control has been investigated. Therefore, the present study investigated the effect of eight weeks of moderate intensity aerobic exercise on FVC and  FEV1 in mature and immature girls with asthma in humid environment.

In this semi- experimental trial, 60 girls students with asthma (30 mature and 30 immature girls; with average age of 8-18 years) from Rasht city were randomly selected and randomly divided into two groups include exercise and control. The aerobic exercise program was performed with intensity of  45-75% of maximum heart rate, 3 sessions per week for 8 weeks. Spirometry test was performed to determine pulmonary function before and after the training protocol. Data were analyzed using 2-factor analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) test at the p≤0.05. 

Aerobic exercise led to significant increase in FEV1 in girls with asthma (P= 0.000). There was no significant difference between the effect of aerobic exercise on FEV1 in mature and immature girls with asthma. Aerobic exercise led to significant increase in FVC in girls with asthma (P= 0.000). There was no significant difference between the mean FVC of mature and immature girls with asthma.

The results of the present study showed that after the intervention period, FEV1 levels  significantly increases in girls with asthma. Also, the mean FEV1 of adult girls was significantly higher than immature girls with asthma. The results showed that increasing FEV1 had beneficial effect on improving asthma control. The results of the present study are consistent with some previous findings (20-22). Increasing or improving pulmonary function with exercise seems to be related to reducing airway resistance, increasing airway diameter, as well as strengthening the respiratory muscles and the elastic properties of the lungs and chest. On the other hand, the effects of adrenaline and cortisol may be effective. Increased activity of the adrenaline system during exercise reduces the reversibility of the lungs and dilation of the pulmonary arteries. Also, the increase in plasma levels of cortisol as a bronchodilator is a very strong and strong production of surfactant in the lungs (19). Asthma is classified clinically according to the frequency of symptoms, expiratory volume with pressure per second (FEV1) and maximum expiratory flow rate (23). Strengthening the respiratory muscles, increasing the effective tail force due to strengthening the elasticity of the main and auxiliary intercostal muscle fibers, reducing obesity and thus reducing the pressure caused by the accumulation of fat around the chest have been reported as mechanisms of effect of exercise in improving lung function (25). In the present study, moderate-intensity aerobic exercise increased FVC in girls with asthma. The findings of our study also showed that aerobic exercise along with resistance exercise can be associated with an increase in  spirometry indices FEV1 and FVC. These results are consistent with the results of previous research (20-22). The value of the FVC index depends on the elasticity of the lungs, the authority of the airways. Studies have shown that the elasticity of the lungs, the position of the ducts between the alveolar region and the location of the stenosis and dilatation of the airway wall are effective physiological mechanisms in determining airflow at this stage. The increase in FVC appears to be due to aerobic exercise due to increased lung volume and elastic reversal of the lungs (11). There were some limitations in the present study; One of the limitations of the present study is the lack of measurement of lung function following ventilation. To determine whether the adjustments we observed are the result of exercise or increased ventilation, future studies should examine the effects of over-ventilation on changes in respiratory muscle strength and respiratory volume. Also, more research is needed to understand the effects of long-term aerobic exercise on respiratory volume. The results of this study showed that regular exercise with increased activity tolerance can facilitate the transfer of oxygen to body tissues. As a result, eight weeks of moderate aerobic exercise can cause a positive and favorable change in FEV1 and FVC indices in mature and immature girls with asthma.

Diabetes is a multifactorial disease characterized by chronic high blood sugar and insulin resistance. In general, the global increase in the incidence of type 2 diabetes is caused by poor nutrition and inactivity. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of 8 weeks of combined exercise with quinoa supplementation on fasting blood sugar, appetite and quality of life in women with type 2 diabetes.

In this study, 36 women with type 2 diabetes were divided into 3 groups: exercise+supplement (n=12), supplement (n=12) and control (n=12). The exercise+supplement and supplement group consumed 25 grams of cooked quinoa seeds for 3 days a week. The exercise+supplement group also did combined exercise for 8 weeks, 3 times a week. Exercise was performed with an intensity of 10-12 pressure perception. The Persian version of the quality-of-life questionnaire was used to measure the quality-of-life index and the appetite questionnaire was used to assess appetite. Blood samples were taken 48 hours before and after the interventions, measurements and questionnaires were completed. One Way ANOVA, LSD post hoc and paired t were used at the significance level of P≤0.05.

According to the results of 8 weeks of intervention in the exercise+supplement group (P=0.001)(2.59%) and the supplement group (P=0.04)(1.54%) compared to the control group (P=0.32)(1.54%) caused a significant reduction in Fasted blood sugar. There was also a significant decrease in appetite index in the exercise+supplement group (P<0.001)(54.20%) and the supplement group (P=0.001)(60.31%) as compared to the control group (P=0.11)(7.91%). Quality of life data also showed a significant increase in this index in the exercise+supplement group (P=0.008)(5.95%) and supplement group (P=0.002)(3.80%) as compared to the control group (P=0.10)(0.99%).

Eight weeks of combined exercise with consumption of quinoa seeds has a positive and improving effect on fasting blood sugar index, quality of life and appetite in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Cadmium (Cd) is a nephrotoxic environmental pollutant, and microRNAs have been recently investigated as potential biomarkers for the diagnosis and pathology study of certain diseases. The present study aimed to determine the protective effect of aerobic physical activity on the changes of mir-21 and mir-146-b in renal tissue caused by cadmium chloride in male rats.

This experimental study was conducted on 32 healthy adult male Wistar rats with a mean weight of 250±30 grams and an age of 12 weeks. They were randomly assigned to four groups (n=8):   1- control group (C), 2- Exercise group (E), 3- Cadmium chloride group (CC), and 4- Cadmium+exercise group (CE). Aerobic exercises were performed five times a week for five weeks. It was run at a speed of 27 meters per minute with a zero slope for 16 min. During the study period, the rats received the cadmium chloride as gavage (a daily dose of three milligrams per kilogram of body weight diluted with distilled water orally). The mir-21 and mir-146-b were measured by the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method. The data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 24) using a one-way analysis of variance and Bonferroni's post hoc test at a significance level of 0.05.

The present study demonstrated a significant lower expression of miR-21 (P=0.001) and a higher expression of miR-146-b (P=0.014) in the cadmium group than in the control group. Compared to the control group, aerobic training illustrated a more balanced state through a significant increase in miR-21 gene expression, as well as a significant decrease in miR-146-b.

The obtained results indicated that regular moderate-intensity exercise in cadmium-treated rats leads to microRNA secretion regulation associated with renal toxicity.

Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is one of the main causes of abnormal liver function, and the prevalence of this disease is reported to be around 20% in the world (1). NAFLD is often associated with obesity, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance in metabolic syndrome (2). NAFLD includes the accumulation of triglycerides, necrosis, and apoptosis in fat cells, which are associated with inflammatory responses in the liver. In total, these cases increase the possibility of liver cirrhosis (4). The large family of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) together with TGF-β1 and activin-A is a part of bone morphogenic proteins and is considered a multipurpose cytokine in a wide range of tissues and cells. These factors play a role in cell differentiation, cell number homeostasis and tissue repair, inflammation, cell proliferation, and apoptosis (5). Activin-A increases the expression of collagen and TGF-β1. It causes mitochondrial β-oxidation and downregulation of fatty acid synthase activity. In addition, activin-A inhibits proliferation and stimulates apoptosis of liver cells, which helps complete liver regeneration; Hepatocyte proliferation and liver regeneration are controlled by activin-A (7). Today, for the management of NAFLD, lifestyle modification techniques through changes in diet and physical activity are considered. Physical activity, including aerobic, resistance, and interval, reduces NAFLD disease by regulating intrahepatic fat status, reducing oxidative stress and inflammation, apoptosis, and autophagy process (8).There are various medicinal agents for the treatment of various diseases. The combination of using herbal medicines and engaging in physical activity has attracted the attention of researchers. Among these substances is resveratrol, which is found in purple and red plants, especially in the skin of red grapes and the berry family (9). Resveratrol has antioxidant, anti-cancer, and anti-inflammatory uses, and was first extracted from an Asian plant called Polygonum capsidatum (10). Resveratrol has inherent protective properties to prevent the spread of disease. Its anti-inflammatory effect has been determined by reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines and preventing the production of nitric oxide in macrophages. Reservatol also regulates lipid metabolism and prevents lipid oxidation and platelet aggregation (11).

In this experimental study, 56 old male Wistar rats with an age of 40-50 weeks and an average weight of 250-300 grams were selected. At first, the rats were divided into two groups: control and NAFLD patients. The rats in the control group were fed a standard diet (including 12% fat, 57% carbohydrates, 28% protein, and 3% other items) for 6 weeks. To induce NAFLD, rats in the experimental group were subjected to a high-fat diet (including 22% fat, 50% carbohydrate, 24% protein, and 4% other items) for 6 weeks. Then, the rats of the patient group with NAFLD were divided into 7 groups, and each group included 7 rats. Seven groups include (1) patient group, (2) group receiving saline, (3) group receiving resveratrol supplement, (4) continuous training group, (5) intermittent training group, (6) continuous training-resveratrol group, and (7) intermittent training-resveratrol group. The rats in the training group and the supplement+training group were familiarized with the treadmill for 5 minutes at a speed of 8-10 m/min with zero inclines for one week during 5 sessions. The main continuous training program was carried out for 8 weeks and 5 sessions per week, in the first week, the speed was 15 meters per minute and the time was 5 minutes. Every week, the speed increased by 1-2 meters per minute and the time increased by 1-2 minutes. In the eighth week, the speed reached 20 meters per minute and the time was 60 minutes (12). The interval training program started in the first week with a speed of 10 meters per minute and a time of 10-15 minutes with a zero-degree slope. In the following weeks, training consisted of 10 minutes daily (2:30 x 4) at a speed of 50 m/min and a 10-degree incline with periods of 2:30 minutes (more than 90% of maximal oxygen consumption), separated by 3-minute rest periods. The number of sessions was 5 sessions per week (13). In the supplement and supplement+training groups, they were injected intraperitoneally with a dose of 20 mg per kilogram of body weight. After completing the research period, all rats were anesthetized by intraperitoneal injection of ketamine and xylazine 48 hours after the last training session. Liver samples were kept at -80 C. Serum activin-A and TGF-β levels were measured using a kit and ELISA method. The Shapiro-Wilk test was used to determine the normality of data distribution. If the data were normal, one-way variance analysis and Tukey's post hoc statistical tests were used. The significance level for all calculations was considered p≥0.05. All statistical operations were performed using SPSS version 20 software.

Data analysis shows that there is a significant difference in the mean and standard deviation of TGF-β and activin-A serum levels between different groups (P=0.0001). It was also observed that aerobic training and red grape extract (resveratrol) have a significant effect on the serum levels of TGF-β and activin-A in elderly rats with NAFLD in different groups (P=0.0001).

The findings of the present research showed that the lowest serum levels of activin-A were observed in the resveratrol+continuous training group and the highest levels were observed in the patient and saline groups. Fatty liver increased activin-A levels in the patient group, and aerobic training and red grape extract (resveratrol) significantly decreased serum activin-A levels in elderly rats with NAFLD in the resveratrol+continuous training group; Of course, in the supplement group, continuous training and interval training+resveratrol also had a decreasing trend, but it did not reach a significant level. NAFLD appears to result from an imbalance between hepatic fatty acid synthesis and oxidation (5). Our findings suggest that NAFLD should be added to the list of liver disorders that could be activin-A-mediated mechanisms. Previously, activin-A was reported to inhibit liver growth by inhibiting hepatic proliferation and inducing apoptosis, as well as by inducing extracellular matrix production during liver fibrosis (14). The results of the present study showed that the levels of TGF-β increased in the high-fat food consumption group; while training and resveratrol supplementation decreased the level of TGF-β in the experimental groups. Studies have shown that the TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway may play an important role in activating HSCs and regulating the production, degradation, and accumulation of ECM proteins (19). Therefore, inhibiting the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway can be an attractive therapeutic target for the prevention of liver fibrosis (20).Finally, the findings of the current research showed that the serum levels of TGF-β and activin-A increased in rats with NFALD. The reason for the increased levels of cytokines may be related to the cirrhosis process itself. In previous research, it has been shown that poor liver function leads to cirrhosis secondarily and disrupts the metabolism of TGF-β and causes the accumulation of this multifunctional cytokine in the body.

FoxO1 and STRA13 proteins play an important role in duplication and cellular metabolism, regulation of cell differentiation, apoptosis and reducing the spread of fat tissue in the body. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different intensities of aerobic training on the expression level of FoxO1 and STRA13 genes in subcutaneous adipose tissue of male Wistar rats.

In this experimental study, 32 male Wistar rats with a mean age of 8 weeks and weight of 237±33 gr were selected, and they were randomly divided into 4 equal groups including moderate-intensity aerobic training (MIT), high-intensity aerobic training (HIT), high-intensity interval aerobic training (HIIT) and control group. The training program was implemented 8 weeks and 5 sessions per week for the experimental groups,. Adipose tissue biopsy was performed 48 hours after the last training session to evaluate FoxO1 and STRA13 gene expression using  RT-PCR method. Data were analyzed using One-way analysis of variance test using SPSS 24 software at the significance level of p<0.05.

The results showed that there was a significant difference in the FoxO1 gene expression level in the subcutaneous tissue of male Wistar rats between HIT and control groups (p=0.0001). However, no significant difference was observed between experimental groups. In addition, there was a significant difference in STRA13 gene expression level in the subcutaneous tissue between MIT (p=0.008), HIT (p=0.0001) and HIIT (p=0.009) groups and control group.

According to the results, aerobic exercise with variety of intensity is effective in controlling the genes expression rate involved in fat metabolism and by reducing the FoxO1 and STRA13 genes expression, they cause the duplication and reduce the expansion of fat tissue.

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is one of the most common destructive diseases of the central nervous system, which leads to disability and impaired mobility and functional capacity in patients. For the rehabilitation of patients with MS, resistance training is considered as a safe and efficient method. In this regard, in recent years, core stability exercise has become one of the common training methods for the rehabilitation of patients with MS. It is defined as the ability to control the position of the trunk over the pelvis to effectively transfer the force to the lower extremities during various activities. This study aims to compare the effects of selected TRX and aerofitness exercises on the core stability of women with MS.

In this randomized clinical trial, 30 women with MS aged 20-50 years with expanded disability status scale score <5 referred to MS Association of Isfahan were selected by a purposive sampling method and were randomly divided into two TRX and aerofitness groups. They performed the exercises for 8 weeks, 3 sessions per week, each for 60 minutes. Their core stability was measured using the Biering-Sørensen test, isometric lateral trunk endurance tests, and Planck test. Data were analyzed using paired t-test and independent t-test.

The selected TRX and aerofitness exercises had a significant effect on the improvement of core stability in women with MS (P <0.05). Patients in the TRX group showed more significant improvement than in the aerofitness group (P <0.05).

The selected TRX and aerofitness exercises can improve the core stability of women with MS. However, further studies are needed to use these exercises in patients with MS.

Endometriosis is a systemic endocrine, immunological and gastrointestinal disease. In the pathogenesis of endometriosis, various cellular pathways are involved. One of these pathways is autophagy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of BECLINE-1 and LC3 genes in endometriosis mice following regular aerobic exercise and omega-3 intake. 

In this experimental study, 35 adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into healthy control groups, endometriosis, endometriosis+exercise, endometriosis+omega 3, endometriosis+omega3+exercise after creating an endometriosis model. Were. The duration of training in water was 30 minutes daily until the end of the training period. At the same time, the mice received omega-3 supplementation daily in the form of gavage at a dose of 2 ml/kg. One-way analysis of variance was used to analyze the data.

The results showed that the expression of BECLINE-1 and LC3 genes in the endometriosis group had a statistically significant increase compared to the healthy control group. All three groups of endometriosis+exercise, endometriosis+omega, and endometriosis+exercise+omega had a statistically significant decrease compared to the endometriosis group. The endometriosis+exercise+omega group decreased more than the other groups.

In general, the results of the present study indicate that the increased expression of autophagic genes produced in endometriosis can be inhibited by regular aerobic exercises such as swimming and omega-3 supplementation. Pathological disorders in autophagy with exercise and omega-3 supplementation may help improve endometriosis by regulating the expression of LC3 and Beclin-1 genes.

obesity-related Inflammation is involved in the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases through activation of macrophages.Purpose of this study was to investigate effect of 12 weeks of aerobic training on serum level of Neuropilin 1(NRP1),lipids profile and insulin resistance index in obese women.

Twenty obese women (mean age 32.20 ± 2.68 years and body mass index 38.78 ± 9.81 kg / m2) were randomly divided into experimental and control groups(10 ones in each).Subjects in experimental group participated in twelve weeks of aerobic running training at intensity of 50-75 percentage of reserve heart rate, 30-55 minutes per session and five sessions per week. Blood sampling was performed immediately before the first session and 48 hours after the last training session to assess blood factors. Statistical analysis was done by Covariance, paired t-test and Pearson correlation at significant level of P<0.05.

there existed significant differences between two groups of experimental and control for changes in levels of NRP1 and lipids and metabolic profiles and anthropometric incises. 12 weeks of aerobic training resulted in significant increases in levels of NRP1 and improvement in lipids and metabolic profiles and anthropometric indices (P<0.05) in experimental group in post-test . However, there were significant correlation between changes in serum levels of NPL1 following 12 weeks of aerobic training with changes in waist circumference (P=0.03).

It seems that 12 weeks of aerobic training can improve body composition, lipid profile and insulin resistance in addition to increases in serum levels of NRP1 in obese women.

Sleep is one of the important elements in circadian cycles that is associated with the restoration of physical and mental strength and has a great impact on quality of life. Sports activities are among the interfering factors in improving the quality of sleep and quality of life; Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of the effect of aerobic exercise on improving the mental quality of sleep and quality of life of the elderly.

This is a quasi-experimental study and the subjects of this study were 40 elderly people in 1399. For data analysis, a researcher-made demographic questionnaire was used and the standard questionnaires for measuring Petersburg quality of sleep (PSQI) and quality of life (SF-36) were used. An appropriate training protocol was used for the intervention and data were analyzed. Shapiro-Wilk, dependent parametric t-test and non-parametric Wilcoxon tests were used and statistical calculations were used by SPSS software.

After aerobic exercise, the average score of sleep quality decreased from 8.1 to 6, ie 26% improvement in sleep quality and the average score of quality of life increased from 78.63 to 81.73, ie 4% improvement in quality of life was observed (p≤ 0.05).

It seems that the intervention has a significant effect on the studied variables and sports activities improve the level of sleep quality and quality of life of the elderly.

Primary dysmenorrhea is one of the most common disorders in adolescent girls. Exercise has positive effects on women with primary dysmenorrhea. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of three types of aerobic exercise with low, medium and high intensity on pain, quality of life, duration of pain and some menstrual symptoms in patients with primary dysmenorrhea.

This study is a randomized controlled trial. The study included 60 sedentary adolescent girls. Participants were divided into three training groups and a control group. The training protocol of the sports groups was performed three times a week for eight weeks. McGill Pain Questionnaire was used to assess the severity of pain and hourly pain was used to measure the duration of pain. The Menstrual Distress Questionnaire and the abbreviated form of the WHOQOL Questionnaire were used to assess menstrual symptoms and quality of life, respectively.

 Research Ethics Code: IR.LUMS.REC.1400.043

The results showed that between three intensities of aerobic exercise for 8 weeks on pain (P = 0.133), duration of pain (P = 0.19) and menstrual symptoms (P = 0.239) in adolescent girls with dysmenorrhea Initial no significant difference was observed. In contrast, low-intensity aerobic exercise had a greater effect on improving the quality of life of adolescent girls with primary dysmenorrhea (P = 0.001).

Given the effects of aerobic exercise on quality of life and pain duration, this type of activity can probably be effective in improving this problem. However, due to its limitations, this study should be considered and its effectiveness cannot be conclusively confirmed.

Knee osteoarthritis is one of the most prevalent musculoskeletal disorder which can contribute to decrease in daily life balance.This study is carried out to compare the effects of aerobic walking and strength training programs on improving balance in women with osteoarthritis.

Forty women with knee osteoarthritis were assigned randomly into two experimental (aerobic walking and strength training program) groups. Both groups exercised 3 days per week for 4 weeks. Static and dynamic overall stability index was evaluated three times by Biodex balance system and the average of each index was recorded.

Static balance score with open eye was significantly improved in the aerobic walking group (P=0.031) But this index did not change significantly in the strength training group. No significant difference discovered between two groups in term of other dynamic and static balance scores.

The results showed that aerobic training was effective on the static balance with the open eyes but these interventions had no significant effect on dynamic balance and static balance with closed eyes. Another study with a larger sample size is recommended.

Heart disease is the most common cause of mortality in world and CABG  is  frequently  performing  and  its finally results strongly  related to life style modification especially exercise training. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of aerobic training on  Lipid profile ،Blood pressure ، Pro BNP and  Functional   Capacity in  male  heart failure patients undergoing CABG.

This clinical trial was performed on 20 male heart failure  patients after CABG randomely in two group(control &exercise).Training was performed for 24 sessions  and each session was 60 minutes with70% maximal heart rate . Evaluation of  exercise  capacity  ،Lipid profile ،Blood pressure and Pro BNP levels  was done  before and after intervention.  Data was analyzed by  using  independent and   paired t-test and prism(ver.8) software.

After eight weeks functional capacity in exercise group change from 8.4±1.6to 9.4±1.64 and in control group change from 9.56±3.3 to 9.71±3.3, there was significantly increased in exercise group (p=0.002).  Total CHOL /HDL ratio in exercise group change from 3.96±0.3 to 3.3±0.4 and in control group change from3.53±0.4to3.6±0.47, there was significantly decreased in exercise group (p=0/016). Diastolic blood pressure in exercise group change from 79±8 to 74±6 and in control group change from 80±9 to 78±8, there was significantly increased in exercise group (p=0.023).  ProBNP level in exercise group change from 444±66 to 421±65 and in control group change from 276±66 to 236±65, there was not significantly decreased in two groups (p=0.528, p=0.512).

According to the results of the present study, the causative agent was identified as the most important factor in the development of evidence-based strategic decision making in hospitals in Tehran, which indicates the importance of paying attention to these factors in hospitals.

Regular aerobic exercises along with herbal supplements can control inflammation. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of aerobic exercises and octopamine consumption on gene changes of NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3), absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) and caspase 9 in brown adipose tissue in rats after consuming deep fried oil.

The present study was an experimental study. Forty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into groups of 8 included: healthy control, control poisoned with fried oil, poisoned + aerobic exercise, poisoned + octopamine, and poisoned + aerobic exercise + octopamine. The fried oil was fed orally to rats for 4 weeks. The dose of Octopamine was 81μmol/kg. The aerobic exercise groups also trained on the treadmill with increasing intensity for four weeks. Real time PCR and IHC methods were used to determine changes in NLRP3, AIM2, caspase 9 genes as well as changes in NLRP3 protein expression, respectively. Two-way analysis of variance was used to analyze the data.

Aerobic exercise caused a significant decrease in NLRP3 (p=0.010) and AIM2 (p=0.001) gene expression compared to the poisoned control group. Octopamine supplementation also significantly reduced NLRP3 (p=0.009) and AIM2 (p=0.001) gene expression. The interaction of exercise and aerobic exercise caused a significant decrease in NLRP3 protein (p=0.001).

Applying 4 weeks of exercise or taking octopamine alone by controlling the inflammasome complex reduces cell death in brown adipose tissue, which is effective in browning and making adipose tissue more efficient.

Heart disease is a multifactorial disease with genetic background and environmental factors involved. And new studies believe that markers such as apolipoprotein AI are a better criterion for diagnosis. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of regular aerobic exercise on apolipoprotein AI gene expression and lipid profile indices in obese women.

Methods:

In this experimental study, 30 healthy obese women aged 35-30 years were randomly selected and divided into control (n =15) and experimental (n =15) groups. The experimental group underwent 8 weeks of regular aerobic exercise at 60-75% of the heart rate reserve three sessions per week for 60 minutes each session. Apolipoprotein AI mRNA expression was measured by Semi-quantitative-RT-PCR method and lipid profiles were measured in both pre-test and post-test.

The apolipoprotein AI gene expression was significantly increased in the experimental group compared to the control group (P<0.05). Also, TG (P = 0.003), TG LDL in the experimental group showed a significant decrease compared to the control group and HDL level in the experimental group was significantly higher than the control group (P = 0.001)

The regular aerobic exercise has an important role in reducing cardiovascular diseases through increasing apolipoprotein AI gene expression and improving lipid

Atherosclerosis is one of the most important causes of death in the world and menopause due to decreased ovarian activity and estrogen secretion, fat accumulation leads to an increased risk of heart disease. Increased expression of ABCA1 and APO-A1 reduces atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of eight weeks of aerobic exercise and cinnamon powder on ABCA1 expression in PBMC cells and apolipoproteins in postmenopausal women.

This study was performed on 60 postmenopausal women who were randomly divided into four groups. The first control group, the second group was eight weeks of aerobic exercise with cinnamon powder, the third group had eight weeks of cinnamon powder and the fourth group had eight weeks of aerobic exercise. Then, before and after the intervention, 10 cc blood samples were taken from all subjects and lymphocytes were isolated by centrifugation and MRNA purification was performed by PCR and the information obtained by covariance tests was significant (P≤0.05). Bonferroni follow-up was used to examine the differences between groups and analyzed in SPSS19 medium.

Results showed that aerobic exercise, combination of aerobic exercise and cinnamon powder had a significant effect on the expression of ABCA1 genes, HDL, LDL and APO-A1. Cinnamon consumption also had a significant effect on ABCA1 and HDL expression, while no significant changes were observed on APO-A1 and LDL (P≤0.05).

Based on the research findings, it can be concluded that aerobic exercise and combination of aerobic exercise with cinnamon powder improves reverse cholesterol transfer and prevention of atherosclerosis in postmenopausal women, but consumption of cinnamon powder alone needs further studies.