جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « خستگی » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Excessive pronation of the foot during the stance phase of the gait cycle leads to increased flexibility of the foot, causing instability. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of using motion control shoes in runners with pronated feet on the absolute angles of the hip and leg joints in the sagittal plane before and after fatigue during running.

In this study, 13 female beginners with pronated feet were selected as the experimental group. CAST markers were used to identify the pelvic, thigh, leg, and foot segments. Motion analysis was performed using six Basler video cameras with a sampling rate of 200 Hz. A low-pass Butterworth filter with a 4th order (10 Hz frequency cutoff) was used for filtering.

The maximum absolute angle of the lower leg in the sagittal plane during 35% of the initial support phase of running when using motion control shoes after fatigue was about 6.05 degrees, compared to the condition when using control shoes before fatigue. The minimum absolute angle of the thigh in the sagittal plane during 50% of the initial support phase of running when using motion control shoes after fatigue decreased by about 4.09 degrees compared to the condition when using control shoes before fatigue.

Motion control shoes reduce the rearfoot angle after fatigue in runners.

The current research aimed to determine the changes in beta-endorphin levels, electroencephalography (EEG) signals, the time to reach drowsiness after a period of short-term caffeine consumption, and a session of stimulant-inducing exercise.

This study was a semi-experimental type, the statistical population of which included female student-athletes of the Shahid Madani University of Azerbaijan, Iran with the age range of 18-24 years, of which 20 were selected purposefully and voluntarily. They were randomly divided into two groups of 10 people, including the athlete group and the placebo group. Both groups participated in the exercise activity and were given capsules—containing either 6 mg/kg of body weight of caffeine or starch—without knowing the contents, one hour before starting the exercise protocol. In both groups, Bruce's training protocol was performed to the point of exhaustion, with the treadmill's incline and speed adjusted in six to seven three-minute stages. Measurements of beta-endorphins, saliva glucose, and EEG activity were taken at three points: half an hour before caffeine consumption, one hour after caffeine consumption, and after completing the exercise test.

The results of this study showed that a session of restorative exercise along with short-term caffeine supplementation in athletes causes significant intra-group changes in the number of delta waves in the prefrontal area of the right hemisphere and the number of beta waves in the frontal area of the left hemisphere. In addition, short-term caffeine supplementation leads to an increase in beta-endorphin levels following a session of residual exercise activity.

Short-term caffeine supplementation by participating in a session of physical activity can improve EEG signals and responses of beta-endorphin values in athletes.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, nurses faced unprecedented challenges they had not experienced before, leading to multiple psychological health issues. The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on fatigue, post-traumatic stress disorder, and cognitive job failures among nurses in the post-COVID-19 era.

The current research utilized a semi-experimental design with a pretest-posttest approach, employing a control group. The study population consisted of nurses from hospitals in the six provinces of Tehran in 2022. The study sample included 36 nurses who were selected purposively and randomly allocated into the experimental and control groups. The data collection tools included questionnaires assessing the severity of fatigue, post-traumatic stress, and cognitive job failures. The experimental group received eight sessions of 90-minute mindfulness-based cognitive therapy, while the control group did not receive any intervention.

The results indicate that mindfulness-based cognitive therapy significantly reduces fatigue, post-traumatic stress disorder, memory, attention, motor skills, and estimation among nurses.

The findings demonstrate that mindfulness-based cognitive therapy significantly contributes to the reduction of psychological disorders resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic among nurses. Therefore, it is essential to identify and provide psychological treatment for nurses involved in the care of COVID-19 patients in specialized units during the pandemic.

occupational accidents are caused by ignorance of occupational health and safety recommendations, due to the high rate of accidents in the industry of cutting and extracting wood from the forest, this study is necessary to evaluate job satisfaction.

In this research, job satisfaction was used as a dependent variable and independent variables included age, educational and employment status, type of work, and duration of employment. To determine the conditions of excessive fatigue among forest workers, the index of symptoms of excessive fatigue was used. The number of 100 workers was investigated by a questionnaire, the comparison of independent variables affecting the satisfaction or dissatisfaction of workers with work using discriminant analysis and the Wilks Lambda coefficient, and the comparison of the average opinions of people from different work groups regarding the work situation using Friedman's test was performed.

The four variables of duration of employment, age status of workers, employment status, and type of work are suitable for separating two groups satisfied with work and dissatisfied with work. The assessment of complaint rate showed that questions I take care of my family, I am very worried about my health and I am dissatisfied with many things with the highest rates of 84.66%, 70.66%, and 61.33% respectively. They took the complaint to themselves. The results showed that the highest amount of fatigue accumulation index is related to two groups chronic fatigue and general fatigue. The results of the present study show that 47% of forest workers are illiterate in their educational status, which requires a training course for workers to work with cutting tools and machines. The results showed that 41 percent of the people studied liked their jobs.

Personal protective equipment is considered a work tool without which it is impossible to do the desired job. Training classes should be held periodically by the safety department for workers and supervisors when needed.

 Delay in achieving stability is one of the factors that can cause injury and re-injury in athletes. Because many injuries occur during fatigue, the present study aimed to compare the effect of fatigue on the time to stability in the head movement of players who have undergone anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction with healthy players.

 The present study is quasi-experimental. Twenty-four professional soccer players participated in the study. Twelve healthy, active professional soccer players (control group) and 12 soccer players with reconstructed anterior cruciate ligament by hamstring graft (experimental group) participated in this study. Also, 6 to 24 months should have passed since their ligament reconstruction. After jumping and crossing an obstacle to a height of 7.5 cm, the participants performed the task of heading and landing on the force plate. These movements were repeated after the fatigue protocol. Information was collected by the force plate (Kistler Instruments Sweden). Multivariate analysis of variance at the significant level of P <0.05 was used for comparison between groups.

 According to the findings, fatigue affected the time to stability in the internal-external direction (P <0.05). However, no difference was observed between the two groups in the internal-external direction before fatigue. Also, no significant difference was observed between the two groups when achieving stability before and after fatigue in the anterior-posterior and vertical directions.

 It seems that a plyometric fatigue training session cannot differentiate between healthy soccer players in the anterior-posterior and vertical directions from players who have undergone anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. However, this difference was observed in the internal-external direction after fatigue.

Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are widespread and important health and social problems in industrialised society, reducing productivity, increasing treatment costs and affecting the quality of life of workers. The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effects of workload, fatigue, sleep quality and physical condition on musculoskeletal disorders among workers in the steel industry.

The present study is a descriptive and analytical study conducted on a population of 540 workers working in the steel industry in the city of Dezful. Based on simple random sampling, 400 people were selected as samples. The instruments used in this study are the Demographic Information Questionnaire, the Cornell Musculoskeletal Disorders Questionnaire (CMDQ), the Swedish Occupational Fatigue Inventory(SOFI), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality (PSQI) and the NASA-TLX workload index. The Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) was used. Descriptive statistical indices were used to analyze the data, and the relationships between observed and hidden variables were examined using structural equation modeling (SEM) The data were analyzed at a significance level of 0.05 and in SPSS software version 25.

According to the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders, back pain ranked first with a mean and standard deviation of 52.39±25.44 and knee pain ranked second with a mean and standard deviation of 46.46±26.45, indicating that the prevalence of these disorders is high among steel industry workers. The results of the correlation analysis showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between workload, fatigue, sleep quality and body condition and musculoskeletal disorders (p<0.05). The RMSEA index of less than 0.1 shows that the model proposed in this study fits well and demonstrates the role of workload variables, fatigue, sleep quality and body position in the direct and indirect causation of musculoskeletal disorders.

The results of this study show that improving workplace ergonomics, reducing workload and fatigue, and improving sleep quality can reduce the likelihood of musculoskeletal disorders in workers.

Job fatigue is considered one of the factors affecting the performance and the productivity of workers in work environments. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to investigate the relationship between job fatigue and its dimensions with fine motor skills in the production line workers of Sabzevar Cable Car Company.

One hundred and forty-eight workers of the production line of Sabzevar Car Company were selected as a sample. The level of occupational fatigue of workers was measured using the standard questionnaire of Excessive Occupational Fatigue. In addition, manual and sorting skills of workers were estimated through Board test. In order to analyze the research data, Spearman's correlation coefficient test was used.

The results of the Spearman correlation coefficient test showed that there were negative and significant relationships between job fatigue and the components of hand and finger dexterity skill, including manual skills (r = 0.188, P ≤ 0.022) and sorting skill r (r = -0.246,  P ≤ 0.003). Also, a statistically significant relationship was observed between the dimensions of fatigue and coping skills (P≤0.05).

According to the results of the present research study, we recommend that employers prevent the occurrence of worker fatigue in industrial environments through providing conditions such as shift breaks and performing short-term activities with low intensity. Otherwise, in order to prevent accidents and the production of defective products, tired workers should refrain from performing fine manual activities such as assembling.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a debilitating respiratory disease and one of the main causes of death and disability in the world. Respiratory support treatments are among the methods for the recovery of these patients. The present study aims to assess the effect of breathing exercises and chest physiotherapy on the fatigue of patients with COPD.

This is a quasi-experimental study on 45 patients COPD who were selected by convenience sampling method and randomly assigned to two experimental groups of breathing exercises (n=15) and chest physiotherapy (n=15) and one control group (n=15). Before and 6 weeks after the intervention, Krupp’s Fatigue Severity Scale was completed by the patient. Data analysis was done using paired t-test, one-way analysis of variance and chi-square in SPSS software, version 26. 

The mean scores of fatigue severity were significantly different in all groups between pretest and post-test phases (P<0.001). The fatigue severity in the intervention groups was reduced, while it increased in the control group, after intervention. There was no significant difference in fatigue severity among the three groups at baseline, but the difference was significant after the intervention (P<0.001). 

Considering the reduction in fatigue severity after two supportive treatments, it is recommended that breathing exercises and chest physiotherapy should be used along with drug treatments for patients with COPD to improve their respiratory conditions.

Driving is a crucial ability that can impact the quality of life for elderly individuals. Older adults may rely more on driving compared to other age demographics. As individuals age, there are significant changes in physical, cognitive, intellectual, and emotional abilities that are crucial for driving, a skill essential for accessing healthcare, therapy services, work, and social activities, as well as maintaining independence and autonomy in the elderly. Mobility and physical exertion are crucial aspects of health for older individuals, and driving significantly contributes to their ability to move within society. The increase in the elderly population has led to a rise in the number of older drivers. Proficiency in self-efficacy in driving is a crucial ability in this profession that acknowledges the significant aspects of this issue. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between weariness, self-efficacy, and driving behavior among older drivers in an urban setting.

This study was a progressive and descriptive-analysis study conducted among older drivers aged 60 and older who were members of the taxi association. Three hundred and ten eligible participants were chosen using the convenience sampling approach. The data was collected using the demographic data form, the multidimensional fatigue inventory, and Adele's self-efficacy scale. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, multiple linear regression, and Pearson correlation tests.

The participants had an average age of 28.3 years with a standard deviation of 9.6 years, and their ages ranged from 60 to 75 years. 42% of the participants had university degrees. They mostly had 30 to 50 years of driving experience. The average self-efficiency in driving among older drivers was 101.87±15.74. The Pearson correlation test indicated a significant and inverse relationship between age factors, the history of the driving license, and the self-efficacy score. In other words, as age and years of driving experience increase, the likelihood of self-efficacy driving reduces substantially. The correlation between the fatigue questionnaire scores and self-driving efficiency was significant(P<0.001). There was an inverse relationship between fatigue and self-efficacy in driving. Higher fatigue levels in older adults led to a decrease in self-activity rates. Multiple linear regression analyses revealed strong associations between educational characteristics, the economic-social status of chronic illness, self-efficiency scores, and fatigue rates. The model indicates that the fatigue score decreases by 0.18 for every one-unit rise in the self-efficiency score. The regression analysis showed that monthly income, vehicle type, and fatigue score were significantly related to driving self-efficacy score(R2=39.5).

Researchers recommend implementing a driving rehabilitation program and interventions that provide psychological support in reducing fatigue for older adult drivers based on these findings. The results of the study could assist policymakers in the field of gerontology in planning rehabilitation programs to enhance self-efficacy in driving in older individuals. These programs would consider the factors that contribute to decreased driving efficiency in older drivers and would be implemented in collaboration with welfare organizations and municipalities.

Fatigue is considered one of the factors effective in changing the electrical activity of muscles so that it is directly linked to increasing the potential of muscular injuries and functional decline in various stages of sports. The present study was conducted to evaluate the frequency of electrical activity of lower limb muscles before and after fatigue during running in individuals with a history of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) compared to healthy individuals.

This quasi-experimental research was conducted on 14 women with a history of COVID-19 over the past two months (the experimental group) and 14 women without a history of COVID-19 (the control group) with an age range of 18-30 years using the convenience sampling method in the city of Ardabil. The fatigue protocol started using a sophisticated treadmill at a speed of 6 km/h, and the treadmill speed was accelerated by 1 km/h every 2 minutes. The Borg’s Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) 6-20 Scale was used to determine the participants’ final moment of fatigue. A steady-state running fatigue protocol ended at a score higher than 17 on the Borg’s RPE 6-20 scale or 80% of maximum heart rate. Electromyography data were analyzed using the data LITE biometrics software before and after the fatigue protocol.

There was a statistically significant increase in the frequency of the electrical activity of the vastus lateralis (VL) muscle between the post-test of the control group and the experimental group (d=0.410, P=0.035). The pretest-posttest difference of the frequency of electrical activity of the VL muscle after fatigue compared to before fatigue during the loading response phase during running had a statistically significant increase in the experimental group than in the control group (d=0.602, P=0.016). The frequency of the activity of the semitendinosus muscle increased after fatigue compared to before fatigue during the mid-stance phase of running (d=0.261, P=0.005). The impact of fatigue on the frequency of the activity of the VL muscle during the push-off phase of running was statistically significant (d=0.140, P=0.049). The frequency of the activity of the VL muscle increased after fatigue compared to before fatigue during the push-off phase of running in the experimental group.

The increased electrical activity of the lower limb muscles in various phases of running after fatigue in individuals with a history of COVID-19 can be attributed to decreased neuromuscular coordination.

Anxiety about cancer recurrence is identified as the most common psychological burden experienced by cancer patients and survivors. The present study aimed to assess the mediating role of fatigue in the effect of anxiety on posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and fear of recurrence in breast cancer patients.

The cross-sectional study was conducted at Kasra Hospital and Cancer Research Center at Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences in Tehran, Iran, from September to November 2022. A total of 220 female breast cancer patients completed questionnaires, including the Penn State Anxiety Questionnaire, PTSD Checklist for DSM-5, Fear of Cancer Recurrence Inventory), and Cancer Fatigue Scale. The data were analyzed in SPSS (version 27) and SmartPLS (version 4) software packages using the advanced statistical method of structural equation modeling.

The model fit indices were good (SRMR=0.6 and NFI=94). The results obtained from structural equation modeling pointed to the direct and significant effect of anxiety on PTSD (β=0.287; T=3.62; P<0.001), anxiety on fatigue (β=0.310; T=3.89; P<.001), fatigue on PTSD (β=0.390; T=5.31; P<.001), and fatigue on fear of cancer recurrence (β=0.274; T=3.73; P<.001). The non-significant impact of anxiety on fear of cancer recurrence (β=0.052; T=0.757; P=0.449) was in the framework of the conceptual model of the present study. It is worth noting that fatigue had a partial mediating role in the effect of anxiety on PTSD.

These findings suggest that fatigue can increase cancer-related PTSD and fear of cancer recurrence in breast cancer patients. Since early fatigue can increase the impact of cancer diagnosis and treatment on the performance and quality of life of these patients, the findings of the present study are effective for healthcare providers and breast cancer survivors. Future research should focus on the use of psychological interventions to reduce the psychological consequences of cancer for this growing population in Iran.

One of the problems of the elderly is a decrease in balance and quality of life of senior citizens. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess the effect of fatigue on balance, motor function, lower limb strength, and quality of life of the two groups of elderly people at home and in a nursing home.

The present study was conducted based on a prospective quasi-experimental design. For this purpose, 35 elderly women at home and 35 elderly women in nursing homes in Miyaneh were selected via available sampling. To carry out the fatigue protocol, the subjects performed sitting and standing movements with their hands on their chests. Subjects were administered the relevant tests under normal conditions and without fatigue. In the second session, which was held 48 hours later, the subjects performed the fatigue protocol and then performed balance, motor function (TUG), and lower limb strength tests (number of takeoff and landing chairs). The quality of life in both groups was assessed using the Leipad Elderly Quality of Life questionnaire. Data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 24) using independent and dependent t-tests.

The results demonstrated a significant difference (P=0.001) between the two groups of elderly women in nursing homes and those living at home in terms of motor function, strength, and quality of life. Nonetheless, there was no significant difference (P=0.127) in the balance of the two elderly groups.

As evidenced by the results of this study, the quality of life of the elderly in nursing homes was lower than that of the elderly at home, and fatigue can exert a more marked effect on the motor function and strength of these people. Therefore, it is recommended to prioritize the design of exercise interventions with the approach of increasing the fatigue threshold to improve the parameters related to the quality of life of the elderly.

Athletes use diverse strategies, including caffeine supplementation, to reduce fatigue and improve their performance. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of the post-activation potentiation method and caffeine supplementation on peripheral fatigue after Wikstrom's fatigue protocol in young male volleyball players.

In this study, forty male volleyball players with an average age of 27.33 ± 1.78 years and an average weight of 76.5 ± 7.45 kg participated. They were divided into four experimental groups: a group that used only the PAP method (n=10), a group that consumed only caffeine (n=10), a group that both performed PAP and consumed caffeine (n=10), and a control group (n=10). For the groups receiving caffeine, a caffeine supplement was administered at a dose of 6 mg per kilogram of body weight, 15 minutes before starting the protocol. PAP exercises were performed at an intensity of 70% of the one-repetition maximum. Blood samples were taken one hour before and one hour after completing the Wikstrom six-station protocol. All subjects participated in this study voluntarily and they had no illness or injury at the start of the research.

The results of the present study showed that the implementation of PAP along with caffeine showed a significant increase in the variables of time to exhaustion and the number of rounds (p<0.05), while the rate of ammonia showed a significant decrease (p<0.05). In contrast, uric acid showed no significant difference (p>0.05).

The results of the present study, showed that the use of caffeine reduces peripheral fatigue. Also, since the use of PAP did not have an adverse effect on the participant's performance, athletes can use this method concurrently with caffeine to improve their performance in endurance activities.

Patients undergoing hemodialysis often experience a decrease in quality of life due to complications such as fatigue, necessitating ffective nursing interventions to manage and alleviate these issues.

The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of Otago exercise on fatigue in hemodialysis patients in selected Aja hospitals in Tehran.

This randomized clinical trial comprised two groups with a pre-test and post-test design. The study population included hemodialysis patients at Aja hospitals in Tehran in 2021. Forty-six patients meeting the inclusion criteria were selected through convenience sampling and randomly assigned to either the intervention or control group. The intervention group followed the Otago home exercise program for 8 weeks, with three sessions per week lasting one hour each. Data collection involved questionnaires on patient demographics and multidimensional fatigue, analyzed using SPSS21.

No significant differences in demographic characteristics were observed between the intervention and control groups. Prior to the intervention, the mean fatigue levels were 52.69±4.91 in the intervention group and 55.77±4.73 in the control group, a non-significant difference (P= 0.058). Following the intervention, these levels changed to 51.78 ± 4.19 and 55.90 ± 4.37, with a significant difference between the groups (P= 0.002). However, there was no significant change in fatigue levels from pretest to posttest in either the intervention (P= 0.35) or control (P= 0.90) groups.

The Otago exercise demonstrated efficacy in preventing an increase in fatigue among hemodialysis patients. Educating patients on the importance and proper execution of this program, and encouraging its continuation at home, is recommended.

Fatigue of the quadriceps muscle causes pain and decreased knee proprioception. The aim of research was the effect of two PNF stretching programs and lower limb strengthening on pain and knee proprioceptive of the knee joint before and after local fatigue of the quadriceps muscle in male athlete with patellofemoral pain.

This research was semi-experimental and pre & post-test. The statistical population included men aged 20-30 with patella pain in Tehran. 24 people were placed in two groups of PNF stretching exercises (12 people) and strengthening (12 people) in a targeted and random selection. All subjects signed a personal consent form before participating in the study. Each group did their exercises for eight weeks and three 60-minute sessions each week. Before & after the exercises (before and after the test), knee pain and proprioceptive sensation were measured using visual pain measurement (VAS) and biodex isokinetic (model IV Pro made USA), respectively. Data were analysis significant (P<05/0) using the combined repeated measure.

the comparison of the first and third tests (before fatigue) (ES=0.5, p<0.05 and        F (1,22) =4.417) . The comparison of the second & fourth tests after fatigue(ES=0.8, p<0.05 and F (1,22) =148.4), there was a significant difference (ES=0.4, p<0.002 and F (1,22) =52.14). Pain reduction after training was 29% in the stretching group 18% in the strengthening group. The net effect of training on depth sensation improvement was significant (ES=0.6, p<0.005 and F (1,22) =2.404). Regarding the comparison of the first & third test (before fatigue) (ES=0.6, p<0.001 and F (1,22) =108.2). The comparison of the second & fourth test (after fatigue), there was a significant difference (ES=0.5, p<0.002 and F (1,22) =51.1). The improvement in proprioception after training was 15% in the stretching and 11% in the strengthening group. The exercises in the PNF stretching group were more effective on both variables in the post-test and after the training period.

Both exercise programs have been concluded for pain factor and proprioception, but the effect of PNF training to reduce pain and improve proprioception of patients was the amount of consumption.

 Increased prevalence of Alzheimer's disease is one of the consequences of elderly and these people are dependent on others to perform normal life activities due to impaired cognition, behavior and performance. The variety and intensity of care roles leads to psychological problems (anxiety, fatigue and depression) and increases the care burden in caregivers. This study aimed to determine the study relationship between fatigue and caregivers’ burden of elderly caregivers with Alzheimer's disease in Birjand city. 

The cross-sectional method was used. The statistical population consists of all the elderly caregivers with Alzheimer's disease in Birjand city in year 2019. In this study, according to convenience sampling method, 150 elderly caregivers by formula Plant of Tabachnick, Fidell and Ullman (2007) were selected as samples and they were asked to fill revised fatigue scale of Piper and et al (1998) and caregiver burden inventory of Zarit and et al (1998). The data were analyzed by tests of Pearson correlation and multivariate regression. 

 Findings showed that there was positive and significant correlation between fatigue and caring caregivers (P<0/01). Also, findings showed that %55/7 of variance of caring caregivers was explained by fatigue.

 This study confirmed the significant contribution of fatigue on caring caregivers of elderly caregivers with Alzheimer's disease.

Fatigue, caused by prolonged standing activities, affects postural stability through disrupting somatosensory system functions. The application of sub-threshold mechanical vibration can enhance the sensitivity of the mechanical receptors in the sole of the feet. Improved sensory function leads to better movement control and balance. Therefore, this study investigated the effectiveness of vibration-based active insoles in reducing the impacts of fatigue on postural stability among military forces.

Each of the 20 healthy male participants of the study completed three standing balance tests: 1) on both legs, 2) on one leg, and 3) on one leg with a cognitive secondary task for two states of the vibration system (on and off), before and after a fatigue protocol, on a force plate. The activity of leg muscles was also monitored by electromyography (EMG). The mean as a linear index (amount) and the sample entropy (SaEn) as a non-linear index (structure) related to the resultant distance of the body’s center of pressure (CoPRD) displacements, as well as the normalized percentage of the muscle activity level (linear envelope), were used for statistical analyses.

Significant changes in most of the postural and muscular parameters were recorded after the fatigue protocol for the off-mode of the vibration system. Meanwhile, running the vibration system of active insoles was accompanied with no significant differences in the amount and structure of the CoPRD displacements, as well as the activity level of the lateral gastrocnemius and soleus muscles after fatigue, compared to the measurements before fatigue.

The findings confirm the effectiveness of applying sub-threshold mechanical vibration to the sole of the foot in improving standing balance by reducing the negative effects of fatigue on postural stability parameters. Therefore, it is suggested that the use of active insoles can be an effective, feasible, and accessible ergonomic intervention to address fatigue among military forces.

In recent years, alterations in shoes insoles are used as an effective factor on running kinematic and kinetics in order to improve performance. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to  explore the effects of using double density spike shoes and regular spike shoes on the ground reaction force components before and after fatigue.

The present study was quasi-experimental. The statistical sample of the present study included 13 female runners (Age: 20.4±2.4). Based on the availability, two models of Nike shoes (Nike, Nike Zoom Rival, USA) were selected. Participants were asked to use both shoes before and after fatigue protocol while the ground reaction forces were recorded. Two way ANOVA with repeated measure was used for statistical analysis at significant level of 0.05.

The results showed that main effect of the shoe for the initial peak values of the ground reaction force along the vertical axis is statistically significant (P=0.005). Paired-wise comparison revealed lower initial peak values of the ground reaction force along the vertical axis while using double density spike shoes than that regular spike shoes. Also, main effect of fatigue for free moment values was statistically significant (P=0.002).

Double-density shoes decreased the free moment and loading rate values compared with regular running shoes.

Fatigue is common after chronic stroke, which may cause upper extremity sensory-motor dysfunction, as well as decreased independence in activities of daily living (ADLs) and participation. This study aimed to investigate the effects of upper extremity exercises based on fatigue prediction on sensory-motor functions and ADLs in subjects with chronic stroke.

This is a pilot study. Twenty subjects with chronic stroke (11 male and 9 female) with mean age of 56±14.09 years and mean time since the stroke of 71.05±53.5 months were randomly assigned to either the control group (receiving conventional rehabilitation) or intervention group (receiving unimanual exercises based on fatigue prediction) using the Kinect Upper extremity motor function. Fine and gross manual dexterity, grip strength, shoulder and elbow proprioception, independence in ADLs, participation, and fatigue severity were assessed before the interventions, after the interventions (6 week, each weak 3 session, for 45 minute) and 6 weeks following the completion of the interventions (i.e. follow up). 

In both control and intervention groups, a significant improvement was observed in all assessments (P≤0.05), except for independence in ADLs. Moreover, the decrease in fatigue severity and improvement in fine manual dexterity was significantly greater in the intervention group compared with the control group (P≤0.05). 

The results of this study indicated that upper extremity exercises based on fatigue prediction led to an improvement in upper extremity sensory-motor functions, manual dexterity, and participation as well as a decrease in fatigue severity in subjects with chronic stroke.