جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « خشکسالی » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Currently, in order to adapt to the existing water crisis in the country and ensure sustainable water supply and distribution management, the implementation of proper management methods based on sustainability principles is one of the most fundamental needs. This study was conducted with the aim of investigating water and wastewater management in small businesses in Qom city with the perspective of drought and environmental threats caused by water shortage in 2021.

The present research is a descriptive-cross-sectional study that was conducted after field survey and statistics obtained from the Water and Wastewater Department on 223 trades related to 67 guilds in the city of Qom. The amount of water consumption, wastewater production, and the management of water and wastewater in businesses were studied with a focus on drought and environmental threats resulting from water scarcity, and the results were reported descriptively.

Considering the amount of water consumption, businesses were classified into four categories. It was determined that businesses in category one, 96.82% of businesses with an average consumption of 246.2 ± 574.2, category two businesses, 17.47% with an average of 6142.3 ± 2823.19, category three businesses, 36.4% with an average of 121.2 ± 5.40, and category four businesses, 83.5% with an average water consumption of 821.215 ± 28.355 cubic meters per month, were in terms of efficiency, respectively, in businesses from one to four, 08.61, 25.56, 33.33, and 46.38% of businesses lacked a specific plan for water conservation

The results show that the management of water and wastewater in businesses in the city of Qom does not have favorable conditions. Considering the decrease in rainfall and drought, it seems that the issue of water supply may be the biggest challenge in this city. Most of the businesses under study lack a specific plan for water conservation, and water resource managers should make decisions regarding compensating for water scarcity and preventing water quality degradation while accurately estimating and evaluating water resources and consumption.

Considering the importance of heavy metal pollution and fuel oil on human health, this research was done to investigate the effect of zinc (Zn) nutritional element and fuel oil pollution on lead (Pb) sorption by the wheat plant in a soil treated with vermicompost under drought stress.

The current research was conducted as a factorial experiment in the form of a randomized complete block design. The amount of biodegradation of fuel oil in soil was measured by weight method and the amount of Pb and Zn in the wheat plant was extracted by hydrochloric acid (HCl) 2N and then measured by atomic absorption device.

The application of 15 and 30 t/ha of vermicompost decreased the amount of Pb sorption by the wheat plant by 12.3% and 13.8%, while the bio-degradation of fuel oil increased by 13.9% and 22.2%, respectively. Application of 40 kg/ha of pure Zn in the form of Zn sulfate and Zn chelate caused an increase in the biodegradation of fuel oil in the soil by 21.4% and 32%, respectively. Meanwhile, the activity level of ascorbate peroxidase (APX) enzyme decreased by 11.4% and 12.8%, respectively.

Using 40 kg of pure Zn from the Zn sulfate and chelate source has been able to play an effective role in reducing the Pb concentration in the wheat plant cultivated in the soil contaminated with fuel oil. The application of vermicompost has also played an effective role in reducing the availability of Pb in the soil.

Drought, as a natural hazard, affects the human and economic resources of communities. Negative consequences of droughts, especially economic ones, has the most effects on rural societies. Thus, some rural families have chosen migration as an important adaptive strategy for coping with the negative effects of droughts. The present study aimed to analyze the droughts concerning to social aspects of joblessness and migration in rural communities of Iran in the years of 2011 and 2016.

This cross-sectional study was conducted in two stages of establishing a database and spatial analysis. Drought data were gathered from the databases of Iran‘s Meteorological Organization as well as the National Research Center of Droughts and socio-economic data were collected from Iran’s Statistical Center and Ministry of Cooperative’s Labour and Social Welfare databases. A database was made in EXCELL software and based on provincial divisions and the categories of droughts, migration, employment, and agriculture in rural regions in 2011 and 2016 using Aeronautical Reconnaissance Coverage Geographic Information System (ArcGIS) software.

The rural populations of Iran decreased by 2.67% in both 2011 and 2016. The total amount of droughts decreased in 2016 comparing 2011 (-19.21%); however, the agricultural activities were decreased by 2.1% in 2016 rather than in 2011. The jobless people of rural regions increased by 2.97% in 2016 comparing 2011. The migration into cities was increased in 2016 (+3.77%) showing an increase in migration from villages to cities.

The continuous droughts in a rural area can result in destroying agriculture activities and joblessness in the rural parts of the country. The joblessness of the rural population can lead to wide migration into cities and result in various socio-economic, health, environmental, and political effects on urban and rural regions. Allocation of enough budgets for adaptive planning and policy-making can assist the decrease of drought consequences in rural regions in Iran.

Background Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL) is an important infection with a high incidence rate. The
spatiotemporal dynamics of this disease is mainly determined by three main components of parasite,
reservoir and vector. Climatic factors can significantly affect its incidence through their impact on these components.

The present study aimed to assess the effects of climatic changes on the incidence rate of CL in Mashad, Iran. To this end, first different phases of drought were identified through Standard Precipitation Index (SPI). Then the relationship between the incidence of CL and these phases was analyzed with non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test and Dunn-Bonferroni test at a significance level of 95%.

The results of the non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test on the incidence of CL in the three phases of drought showed a significant relationship between them. Dunn-Bonferroni test showed that the incidence of CL was significantly higher during the years with severe drought as compared to years with normal rainfall. The significant increase in the mean incidence of CL during severe drought can be attributed to limited food sources available to the vectors, which are mostly rodents.

Scarcity of food sources during drought makes rodents, as the main vector of the disease, to seek food and be more exposed to sandflies. That is how the incidence of CL increases.

Tuberculosis is a chronic bacterial disease that can be transmitted from the affected persons to others through air when the airway and lung drops of patients are released in the air and inhalled by healthy ones. This disease has a high prevalence in Zabol/ Iran due to the drought, rainfall status, high temperature, severe storms and dusty condition in this region. This descriptive-analytical research was conducted from June 2005 to June 2015 using weather data and the 10-year statistics of tuberculosis patients in Zabol city, of whom 62 patients had been treated. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to identify the factors affecting the disease. Data analysis was done through SPSS22 software and using Pearson correlation and regression analyses. Climatological data showed increasing rate of wind speed over the past ten years. There was a negative correlation between the prevalence of tuberculosis and mean of annual rainfall during the ten years (P≤0.014). The results of regression test showed that wind speed had been very effective in the prevalence of tuberculosis (P = 0.711). To control tuberculosis, regular periodic screening, continuous education and more serious plans for providing specialized care and services are recommended. Meanwhile, appropriate measures including mulching and increasing plant coverage of the region should be taken to control dust.   Key words: Tuberculosis, Drought, Dust, Weather station, Zabol city   Citation: Malakootian M, Mish MastNehi M. A study on the Effect of Draught and Dust Amount on the Prevalence of Tuberculosis in Zabol City. Journal of Health Based Research 2018; 4(1): 1-11.

Nowadays, with population growth and the increase of water demand in different sectors of agriculture, industry, drinking, and health, groundwater resources have faced a lot of pressure. This issue along with severe and prolonged droughts has created the conditions for country particularly for arid and hyper arid areas which has encountered the serious challenges in the field of water quantity and quality. In this study, qualitative changes in the trend of drought and water resources in Yazd - Ardakan plain, ie, one of the most important population centers in central Iran, has been considered. In order to study groundwater quality variations we drew on the qualitative data from Yazd Regional Water Authority related to Yazd Ardakan plain 2000s. using hydro- geochemical(Aquachem) and statistic (Minitab) soft wares as well as spatial and descriptive data and GIS in providing and matching spatial data layers for all underground water quality parameters of the plain. Also for measuring the intensity and duration of climatic drought, we used standardized precipitation index (SPI) and for investigating the trend of falling groundwater levels, we applied the long-term hydrograph of piezometric wells located in Yazd - Ardakan plain. The results of groundwater level variations indicate that in the last four decades, the downward trend of the average annual decline of water table has been around 0.5 meters per year. Also, results of water quality changes in recent decades shows that by increasing frequency of droughts and extreme declining groundwater table, groundwater quality, particularly 1385 to 1389, has had a downward trend. Results showed that during last 50 years, in the study area and the repetition of climatic drought in recent decade compared to the past four decades, has been 4 times in the study area. Considering the results, it can be concluded that the only basic principal method of preventing dangerous consequences of falling water table levels and reducing the quantity and quality of underground water resources is proper and lawful consumption of water to avoid uncontrolled withdrawal of groundwater.

BackgroundUnderstanding the farmer's reactions and their psychological and intellectual reflections in drought could provide a basis for effective strategies and decisions making in order to minimize losses in agricultural productions and income. The present paper aims to determine the psychological coping strategies of farmers against drought in Fars province.MethodsBy using of multistage cluster sampling and theoretical and field methods, about 360 farmers of 6 townships were surveyed in 3 different regions considering the severity of drought such as average, high and very high. FindingsAccording to the results, the eight priorities of psychological coping strategies are respectively as follows: 'positive evaluation', 'self management', 'drawing social supports', 'staying away from others', 'problem solving', 'responsibility', 'direct contact' and 'denial'. (3.30, 2.67, 2.53, 2.06, 1.83, 1.59, 1.59, 0.99)ConclusionThe research achievements show that some resources, including physical, peripheral, personal and energizing are at risk during drought regarding the farmer's viewpoint. Farmers in sever drought regions feel that their resources are at high risk than others while farmers in other regions feel low risk.