جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « سرطان کولورکتال » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Colorectal cancer (CRC) ranks fourth and second among all types of cancer in terms of incidence and mortality rates, respectively. Although colorectal cancer screening has been effective in improving the prevention and treatment of this disease, many obstacles, including colorectal cancer metastasis, have severely hampered the prognosis of this disease. Long non-coding RNAs are a type of RNAi molecule that is classified into several functional groups and participates in some important cellular pathways. LncRNA-RNA interactions control mRNA translation and degradation or act as microRNA (miRNA) silencing sponges. LncRNA-protein interaction regulates protein activity in transcriptional activation and silencing. LncRNA guide, decoy, and scaffold transcriptional regulators regulate the enhancer or repressor region of coding genes to alter expression. Non-coding RNAs have attracted increasing attention from researchers due to their key role in regulating gene expression and potential effects on cell signaling pathways. These RNAs, as biomarkers, play an important role in the diagnosis, progression, and prognosis of colorectal cancer. This study investigated the change in the expression level of non-coding RNA LINC01139 in colorectal cancer compared to healthy tissue.

In this study, the expression change of the LncRNA LINC01139 gene from two databases, UALCAN and Gepia2, was investigated in colon adenocarcinoma tumor tissues compared to healthy tissue. Then, total RNA was extracted from 41 colorectal cancer tumor tissue samples and 41 healthy tissue samples adjacent to the tumor, and after qualitative and quantitative analysis of the extracted RNA, cDNA synthesis was performed using the kit. Then, by designing and synthesizing a specific primer, the expression level of LINC01139 non-coding RNA was measured in two tumor and healthy tissues using the Real-time RT-PCR technique. In the end, considering the Gapdh gene as a housekeeping gene, the resulting data were analyzed by Graph pad prism software.

Data analysis of this study based on bioinformatics analysis showed that the expression of non-coding RNA LINC01139 is decreased in colorectal tumors. This is even though the expression of this gene increases significantly in tumor tissues (both metastatic and non-metastatic) compared to the adjacent normal tissue, regardless of gender(P<0.0001). However, It was also shown that increased expression of LINC01139 non-coding RNA in tumor tissues can serve as a biomarker in identifying tumor tissues from healthy colorectal tissues(AUC=0.81, P<0.0001). as no significant expression difference between non-metastatic and metastatic samples (P>0.05).

Considering the known role of LINC01139 lncRNA in the HIF1α signaling pathway as a scaffold, the oncogenic function of LINC01139 lncRNA in liver cancer through the miR-30/MYBL2 axis and the strong Linc01139-PIP3 LncRNA interaction and the effect on the PIP3-AKT pathway. It seems that increased expression of cytoplasmic lncRNA LINC01139 and its function as an oncogene may be involved in colorectal carcinogenesis through signaling pathways.

This article discusses the diagnosis and monitoring of patients with colorectal cancer using liquid biopsy. Colorectal cancer is one of the most common types of cancer worldwide; moreover, its diagnosis and monitoring is of great importance due to various factors such as lifestyle, environmental and genetic factors. There are various methods for diagnosing and monitoring colorectal cancer which can be used as the basis for selecting appropriate treatment methods such as surgery, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, gene therapy and combination therapies.

Methods and Materials:

the current study has been performed through searching “Liquid biopsy”, “Colorectal Cancer”, “Tumor educated platelets”, “Biomarker”, and “Chemotherapy” keywords in various databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar until Dec 2023. Out of the 297 articles, 49 articles were selected and they were included in the study based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Liquid biopsy-based analysis of circulating tumor cells (CTCs), circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), and tumor-educated platelets (TEPs) provide useful tools for early detection, monitoring treatment response, detecting disease recurrence, and identifying tumor heterogeneity and drug resistance mechanisms in colorectal cancer.

This article examines that due to the molecular characteristics of the tumor during the course of the disease and the genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity of the tumor between primary and metastatic lesions, liquid biopsy can be used as a new solution for diagnosis and monitoring of patients with colorectal cancer.

 Today, colonoscopy is used as a tool for early diagnosis of important gastrointestinal findings such as colorectal cancer. The present study was conducted to investigate and analyze the diagnostic findings of patients undergoing colonoscopy in the teaching hospitals of Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences (AJUMS) in Ahvaz in 2021.

 A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on the medical records of all patients referred to the colonoscopy departments of Imam Khomeini and Golestan hospitals, affiliated with AJUMS, in 2021. After applying exclusion criteria, 1526 cases were included in the analysis. Data on demographics, patient symptoms, and laboratory and diagnostic findings were collected using a dedicated questionnaire.

 A cohort of 1526 patients was studied, with 54.1% being male and 45.9% female. Their ages ranged from 14 to 97 years, with a mean age of 51.77 years. Rectal bleeding (32.3%) and abdominal pain (23.6%) were the primary reasons for colonoscopy. Hemorrhoids (25.5%) and polyps (12.5%) were the most common findings, while single rectal ulcer (2.3%) and anal fissure (2.7%) were least frequent. Patients aged 45 years and older constituted a higher proportion of referrals and exhibited a greater frequency of abnormal colonoscopic results. Although colorectal cancer was more prevalent in males (56.6% versus 43.4% in females), this difference did not reach statistical significance (p=0.881).

 The most common causes of colonoscopy were rectal bleeding and abdominal pain, and the most pathological findings in these patients were hemorrhoids and polyps. The frequency of polyps and colorectal cancer was significantly higher in age groups above 45 years. Therefore, colonoscopy seems to be a suitable diagnostic tool for this age group.

Screening is a cost-effective method for prevention, early detection of the disease and reducing the burden of the third deadliest cancer in the world, i.e. colorectal cancer. This study aimed to analyze the cost-effectiveness of colonoscopy screening compared to sigmoidoscopy for colorectal cancer in high-risk individuals in Iran.

This economic evaluation study was conducted using the cost-effectiveness method between July 2016 and February 2017. Evaluation of the effectiveness of screening methods was done using a systematic review. Cost evaluation was also done using the costs obtained from the tariff approved by the Iranian Ministry of Health in 2015 for colonoscopy and sigmoidoscopy. Finally, the combined model of decision tree and Markov was used to evaluate the cost effectiveness. Incremental Cost Effectiveness Ratio (ICER) formula was used for cost effectiveness analysis considering the final outcome of 5-year survival of high-risk individuals. Excel and TreeAge software were used for data analysis.

The effectiveness of sigmoidoscopy and colonoscopy in increasing 5-year survival is 11 and 15.7%, respectively, and colonoscopy screening is 4.7% more than sigmoidoscopy. The cost of colonoscopy and sigmoidoscopy screening was calculated as 1000 and 19920 billion Rials, respectively. Based on cost-effectiveness analysis, the cost of treating patients in the case of screening with colonoscopy and sigmoidoscopy is lower than without screening. The ICER ratio of colonoscopy and sigmoidoscopy compared to no screening was -4/441/389/160 and -4/757/954/940 Rials respectively, and colonoscopy compared to sigmoidoscopy was -3/699/785/880 Rials, respectively. Finally, the use of colonoscopy leads to spending 3/699/785/880 Rials less in exchange for obtaining 4722 additional survivals with the prevention of colorectal cancer compared to sigmoidoscopy.

Screening by colonoscopy and sigmoidoscopy methods are effective in reducing the incidence and death of colorectal cancer compared to no screening. Screening by colonoscopy is a dominant option for the high-risk population in Iran. Colonoscopy screening is more cost effective compared to sigmoidoscopy. However, decisions about colorectal cancer screening and screening methods depend on local resources and personal preferences.

Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is a hereditary disorder that is the most common colon cancer syndrome in an autosomal dominant form. At first, germline mutations in the APC gene (adenomatous polyposis) were identified as the main genetic factor causing FAP, but during subsequent studies, the human MutY (MYH) gene with an autosomal recessive pattern was also identified as the factor causing this disease, which is commonly referred to as MutYH-dependent apoptosis (MAP). FAP and MAP present with an early onset of hundreds of adenomatous polyps in the colon, at a median age of 35–40 years, and are associated with a significantly increased risk of colon cancer (CRC). In some other patients, gastrointestinal polyps, congenital hypertrophy in the retinal pigment epithelium, desmid tumors, and extracolonic malignancies are seen. The common treatment method in patients is through endoscopic and surgical methods. However, the patients with FAP and their relatives should receive appropriate genetic counseling. The purpose of this review article was to describe and investigate the clinical aspects and genetic diseases of FAP and MAP. For this purpose, the latest articles related to FAP genetic disease were selected by searching Google Scholar and PubMed sources.

Despite the progress made in discovering the molecular mechanisms of FAP, its genetic factors are still not fully understood. A deeper understanding of the molecular biology and genetics of this disease can lead to healthy therapies that can be used to rezone intestinal polyps and neoplastic malignancies and be a new target for future treatment.

7SK is a long non-coding RNA that interacts with various proteins to regulate gene transcription. This study aimed to assess the impact of exosomal delivery of 7SK on viability, expression of apoptosis-related genes, and migration in the human colorectal cancer cell line HT-29.

In this experimental study, HT-29 cells were treated with exosomes derived from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells loaded with 7SK (Exo-7SK). Control groups included cells treated with unloaded exosomes and untreated cells. The levels of 7SK in the cells, and expression of apoptosis-related genes were measured by real-time PCR, cell viability assessed by the MTT assay, and cell migration evaluated using the transwell assay.

Treatment of HT-29 cells with Exo-7SK resulted in increased levels of 7SK, reduced viability, downregulation of the anti-apoptotic gene BCL-2, upregulation of the apoptosis-inducing gene BAX, and decreased migration.

Exosomal delivery of 7SK can effectively decrease the viability and migration of colorectal cancer cells. Further research is warranted to explore the therapeutic potential of this approach in colorectal cancer.

A group of cells that divide more than normal tissue is called a cancerous tumor.  In most cases, colon cancer which are lumps of flesh originating from the inner lining of the colon staining from intestinal polyps. Elucidating the regulatory relationships between mRNA and lncRNA can contribute to the regulation pattern of gene expression in malignant colorectal cancer.  In this study, the integration of weight gene co-expression network in malignant tumor was investigated by analyzing expression data from samples of normal and cancer patients.

The data used in this article included lncRNA and mRNA exosomal sequences extracted from Exorbase and GEO database.  The weighted gene co-expression network was used to group genes and find gene groups that have a significant correlation.

In this study, the pathological importance of the groups was classified using the level of expression of the groups.  Between the groups, the green group had the most correlation and significance, and for this reason, it is assumed that they have the top impact on the progression of cancer.

Considering the key genes HSPA1B, PPP2R3B and HSPA1A suggested in this study by comparing healthy and sick people and identifying the difference in gene expression profile, a suitable biomarker can be identified to detect people with colorectal cancer.

Colorectal cancer is a significant global health issue, but early diagnosis can greatly increase the chances of successful treatment. The purpose of this study was to identify factors that influence early diagnosis of colorectal cancer, using a preventive health model.

This cross-sectional study involved 300 individuals over the age of 50 who were referred to the clinics of teaching hospitals in Qom, Iran in 2022. The convenience sampling method was utilized, and data was collected using the Preventive Health Model (PHM) Scale. Descriptive statistics and multiple logistic regression were employed for data analysis.

The mean age of the participants was 57.67±10.68 years, with 48.8% being male. A majority (76.2%) of the participants had no knowledge about early diagnosis of colorectal cancer, and only 11% had attended for early diagnosis. The study revealed a significant positive correlation between age (OR: 1.01; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.10), positive family history of cancer (OR: 1.05; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.10), knowledge (OR: 3.15; 95% CI: 1.41, 7.06), and social influence (OR: 1.32; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.77) with early diagnosis of colorectal cancer.

The findings suggest that knowledge, age, positive family history of cancer, and social influence are important factors in the early diagnosis of colorectal cancer. The findings can be utilized to develop policies and educational programs aimed at promoting early diagnosis behaviors.

Studies have shown that lncRNA DSCR9 prevents cancer and inflammation and its expression leads to anti-tumor activity. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between lncRNA DSCR9 expression and the risk of colon cancer.

Samples were taken from 20 tissues of patients with colorectal cancer and 20 healthy intestinal tissues of healthy individuals. Total RNA extraction was performed, followed by cDNA synthesis. Expression of lncRNA DSCR9 was investigated using real-time reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction and primers designed using Beacon Designer software. The relative expression of lncRNA DSCR9 was calculated, and finally, the results were analyzed by GraphPad Prism software.

The results showed that lncRNA DSCR9 expression increased in colorectal cancer compared to the control group as well as in tumors of metastatic and non-metastatic individuals. However, the relative expression of lncRNA DSCR9 in tumors of individuals with stages 1 and 2 and in tumors of with different sizes did not show a significant increase; nevertheless, the relative expression of lncRNA DSCR9 in tumors of grades 1 and 2 was statistically significant (P=0.0144). The specificity and sensitivity of lncRNA DSCR9 showed that as a marker (P=0.0001), it could isolate the patient population from the healthy one.

In the present study, there was a relative increase in the expression of lncRNA DSCR9 in patients with colorectal cancer compared to control, which possibly could be due to the activation of proteins involved in cancer and increased Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway and cause tumor cell growth and angiogenesis in cancer. Therefore, due to changes in the expression of the lncRNA DSCR9 gene in colorectal cancer, this gene may be used as a biomarker for the detection of tumors.

Micro-ribonucleic acids (microRNAs) have introduced a new field in the molecular diagnosis of cancer. However, the role of circulating microRNAs in the plasma/serum of colorectal cancer patients is still unclear. This study was conducted to determine the expression of let-7d microRNA in patients with colorectal cancer.

This case-control study was conducted on 40 patients with colorectal cancer and 40 healthy people. In this study, 7 mL blood samples were collected from patients with colorectal cancer (both before and after tumor resection) and healthy individuals (only once). The serum samples were isolated and stored at - 80°C until molecular analysis. MicroRNAs were extracted from serum samples, and cDNA was synthesized. Let-7d expression was examined using the RT-qPCR method. Data were analyzed using GraphPad Prism v. 9 software. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, sensitivity, and specificity were also calculated for the let-7d microRNA data to introduce a diagnostic biomarker between the preoperative patient group and the control group.

In the preoperative samples of the patients, the expression of let-7d microRNA was significantly lower than that of the control group (P˂0.05). The expression of let-7d microRNA significantly increased after tumor resection compared to before. The ROC analysis for let-7d microRNA in the preoperative patient group with the control group showed that the sensitivity was 33.3%, specificity was 92.3%, and the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.622.

Let-7d microRNA could potentially serve as a new noninvasive diagnostic biomarker for the early detection of colorectal cancer. However, further studies are required on this subject.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most deadly and fourth most commonly diagnosed cancer in the world. Although many interventions such as surgery, radiation therapy and chemotherapy are used nowadays, researchon other methods is being carried out too. The use of tumor antigens against the tumor is a kind of treatment that in combination with the virus can better stimulate the immune system against the tumor. The use of oncolytic viruses with natural characteristics in destroying cancer cells has provided a wide field for further studies. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of MAGE-A3 tumor antigen on the oncolytic activity of Reovirus in colorectal cancer cell lines.

In this experimental study L929, a type of mouse fibroblast cell line, was used as a host cell for Reovirus propagation. Reovirus titer was determined by CCID50 method and the appropriate titer was selected for the study. The MAGEA3- expressing plasmid was transfected into colorectal cancer cells of the mouse (CT26) and human (Caco2) origin and infected with Reovirus (MOI = 1 and MOI = 0.01). 24 hours after Reovirus inoculation and observing CPE, the cells were collected to investigate apoptosis and measured by flow cytometry.

The apoptosis rate in CT26 cells in the presence of MAGE-A3 expressing vector and inoculated with Reovirus was higher (MOI=1, 38.5 ± 3.8% / p-value < 0.02 and in MOI=0.01, 30±  2.1% / p-value < 0.005) in comparison to the absence of MAGE-A3 expressing vector (MOI=1, 22.4±  0.9 and MOI=0.01, 15.8 ± 0.3). On the other hand, the rate of apoptosis in Caco2 cells in the presence of MAGE-A3 expressing vector and inoculated with Reovirus (MOI=1, 22.5±  1.8% / p-value=ns and in MOI=0.01, 11 ± 2% / p-value=ns) was lower than in the absence of vector expressing MAGE-A3 (MOI=1, 45.5±  2.7 and MOI=0.01, 11.5±  0.9). It can be stated that according to the results of this study, the cytolysis effect of Reovirus in Caco2 cell line is higher than that of CT26 cell and also the rate of cell cytolysis in the presence of MAGE expressing vector is almost twice more than that of this vector in Caco2 cells.

Given the higher cytolysis of the virus in Caco2 cells and the status of P53 and Ras genes in these two cells, in which P53 is mutant but Ras is active, the virus has more activity and MAGE-A3 presence reduces virus activity by reducing Ras activity.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one important cause of mortality in the world. In the common staging systems of CRC, many biological behaviors of the tumor that determine the prognosis are not defined. Risk stratification is becoming increasingly important in low-stage CRC, because these patients do not undergo adjuvant therapy unless poor prognostic factors such as vascular invasion (VI), perineural invasion (PI) and serosal involvement (SI) are present. Accurate evaluation of these factors in CRC specimens is still challenging.

In this study, we evaluated the detection rate of VI, PI and SI in 180 patients of CRC who underwent surgical resection based on basic pathology reports, review of hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) slides with considering morphologic clues such as “protruding tongue” and “orphan artery” signs, and elastin stain for detection of VI. In addition, the stage of the disease, pT stage, tumor location, tumor type and grade were categorized, separately. We used the Fisher’s exact test for comparing variables between the two groups. P<0.05 was considered significant. All data analyzed using SPSS version 26.

Overall, the detection rate of VI was significantly increased in review of H&E slides with considering morphologic clues (P=0.019) and also using elastin stain (P<0.05) than basic pathology reports, but no significant differences observed in PI (P=0.118) and SI (P=1.00) between the first basic pathology reports and review of H&E slides. Also, significant differences observed in VI, PI and SI based on AJCC stage, pT stage and grade of tumor (P<0.05).

Considering the prognostic importance of VI detection in the treatment of patients of CRC, Slide review with attention to the morphologic clues such as “protruding tongue” and “orphan artery” signs and elastin staining could be used for better detection of VI in patients of CRC in routine surgical specimens.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer and the fourth cause of death due to cancer. Several genes with different penitence, as well as different genetic variants, have been identified in CRC risk. Based on the studies, the TOX2 gene is proposed as a candidate gene for CRC. In the present study, the relationship between rs6065668 polymorphism and TOX2 gene expression was investigated with the risk of CRC.

In the present study, 2 CC of venous blood was collected from 50 patients referred to the Imam Hassan Mojtabi Cancer Treatment Center in Dezful, and 50 healthy individuals as a control group (matched in terms of age and gender). In this study, rs6065668 polymorphism of the TOX2 gene was investigated by High-Resolution Melting (HRM) technique and gene expression by the Real-time PCR method.

The frequency of genotypes in patients was 42% for the CC genotype, 46% for CT, and 12% for TT, and in the control group, CC, CT, and TT genotypes were 26%, 54%, and 20%, respectively, which had no significant difference between the groups and as well as the results of gene expression were not significantly different between groups and different genotypes.

Considering that the frequency of CC, CT, TT genotypes as well as TOX2 gene expression did not show a statistically significant difference between CRC patients compared to healthy subjects, the results of this study showed that changes in TOX2 gene are not related to the risk of CRC.

Colorectal cancer is one of the most common cancers that its incidence and prevalence and so deaths due to this cancer have increased worldwide recently. This study examines the economic burden of colorectal cancer from different perspectives by conducting a scoping review.

In this scoping review, by searching Scopus, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and Web of Science, the articles reporting the costs of CRC were reviewed. The search was limited to those published in the past years leading up to 2020. In addition to categorizing different aspects of the reviewed paper, per capita costs were adjusted with the purchasing power parity in order to make some comparisons possible. In this study, the calculated costs of retrieved studies were categorized based on the perspective of each study.

Out of 29 studies, only two have reported indirect costs of CRC, and 4 studies have reported both direct and indirect costs. In other studies, only direct costs of CRC have been reported. Nearly 40% of studies calculated CRC costs from the provider’s perspective. The highest reported annual per-patient cost was $175020(PPP-adjusted) which is related to the average annual costs of patients with CRC at the fourth stage in the United States from a provider perspective. The lowest reported amount was $ 954(PPP-adjusted) which was related to average annual inpatient costs in Brazil from a provider perspective.

Due to variations in study characteristics in terms of perspective, type of costs, type of patient included, etc. any comparison between the economic burden of CRC should be made with caution. However, reviewing various aspects of the economic burden of CRC reported in included studies, will provide researchers and policymakers with a better insight into the CRC burden while designing intervention programs will reduce the budget impact of the those programs.

There is much evidence-based research on the anti-cancerous effect of antioxidants. Dihydroxyphenylethanol is a potent antioxidant that has several activities, such as oxidant stress control, cell proliferation inhibitory activity, and apoptosis induction. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of dihydroxyphenylethanol on antioxidant enzyme activity and malondialdehyde level in the HCT-116 cell line.

In this study, a human colorectal cancer cell line HCT-116 was treated with different concentrations of 3, 4-dihydroxyphenylethanol (50, 100, 150, and 200 μM) for 24 h. Then, the level of malondialdehyde and activity of enzymes of catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase were measured by colorimetric methods.

The results showed that 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethanol administration resulted in significant reduction of the malondialdehyde concentration and also significant increase of the antioxidant enzymes (e.g., catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase) in the treatment groups compared to the control group (P<0.05).

Overall, 3, 4-dihydroxyphenylethanol may result in reduction of oxidative stress on HCT-116 line through changes in concentration of the malondialdehyde and antioxidant enzymes activity.

Stoma surgery is a life-changing experience that poses many challenges in the patients&#039; life. Accordingly, these people have to adjust with the new lifestyle for better management of their conditions. Therefore, the present study was conducted to assess the adjustment of patients with ostomy and the related factors.

In this descriptive - correlational study, 130 ostomy patients who referred to 4 educational hospital of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, were selected through convenience sampling. The data were collected by Simmons Ostomy Adjustment Inventory-23 (OAI-23) and a demographic-medical information form and then analyzed with using descriptive (frequency, percent, mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (independent t-test, ANOVA and regression analysis) by SPSS (v.15). The significance level of the tests was considered 0.05.

The mean score of adjustment with ostomy was 47.83 ± 17.211. Among the different dimensions of adjustment, the highest and lowest mean score were related “acceptance” and “anger”, respectively. Also, based on our findings the relationship between adjustment with ostomy and some of demographic-medical factor include gender (P = 0.022), marital status (P = 0.005), living status (P = 0.000), education level (P = 0.019), and Job (P = 0.001), duration of having stoma (0.032) were statistically significant.

According to the moderate level of adjustment in these patients, it is need to conduct further investigations to identifying other related factors as well as appropriate psychosocial interventions to improve their adjustment with the ostomy.

Gastrointestinal cancers are one of the most dangerous and common cancers in Iran. This type of cancer is more common in the esophagus, stomach, colon, and rectum. The present study is aimed to determine the level of knowledge, attitude, and practice of employed health professionals about the risk factors of gastrointestinal cancers.

In the present cross-sectional study, all 175 male and female health workers in Isfahan Health Centers No. 1 and 2, Isfahan, Iran, were studied. Data were collected using a questionnaire, measuring the knowledge, attitude, and practice of health workers. Raw data of knowledge, attitude, and practice were converted to standard scores from 0 to 100 with a linear conversion and were described with mean, standard deviation (SD), 95% confidence interval (CI), median, and interquartile range. Data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) at a significance level of 5% using SPSS software.

The mean scores of knowledge for all participants were 69.3%, the mean scores of attitude were 73.9%, and the mean scores of behavior were 35.3%. The difference between the mean scores of knowledge, attitude, and behavior of health workers according to gender, marital status, family history, income, and enteritis was not statistically significant. However, the mean scores of individuals’ behavior with educational levels of diploma and sub-diploma were statistically significant (P = 0.046). Attitude score increased in terms of age (P = 0.007). Additionally, there was a significant linear positive correlation between work experience and attitude score (r = 0.218, P = 0.004). The relationship between gender and nutritional behavior was significant (P = 0.039). The average knowledge score of people who needed periodic testing was 76.6, which was also significantly different from people who did not need periodic testing (P = 0.026).

With increasing age and the years of employment, the attitude score increased. Moreover, the average nutritional behavior of male health workers was lower than female ones. It was also found that people who needed periodic testing had higher knowledge ones. Therefore, in addition to developing appropriate training programs, adopting other health policies is needed, so that by overcoming the barriers to preventive behaviors, not only the performance of health workers can be increased but also by providing services to the covered populations, people's participation in colorectal cancer screening programs can be improved.

 Colorectal cancer is one of the most common cancers and one of the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Accounting that the risk of colorectal cancer is associated with blood sugar indices as well as the role of CEA in the prognosis of patients with colorectal cancer, this study was fulfilled to determine the relationship between serum level of CEA and HOMA2-IR in colorectal patients.

 In this case-control study, 40 colorectal cancer patients and 40 healthy subjects, as the control group, were included. Serum levels of CEA, insulin, and fasting blood sugar were measured in all participants. The HOMA2-IR index was calculated based on the standard formula. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26 software.

The mean of CEA was 7.08±1.9 in colorectal patients and 2.21±1.5 in control group, and difference between them was significant (p = 0.003). Totally, the mean insulin among patients with CEA below 3 and CEA equal or more than 3 was 11.06±6.9 and 14.34±8.28, respectively (p = 0.026). Also, mean FBS for two groups were 110.67±42.7 and 135.9±52.5 (p = 0.01) and mean of HOMA2-IR for two groups were 1.49±0.98 and 2.04±1.25, (P = 0.011), respectively. All these differences between two groups were significant.

 colorectal patients had higher levels of CEA than the control group. The mean values of all three indices of insulin, FBS و and HOMA2-IR among patients with colorectal cancer were higher in both groups of patients with CEA below 3 and patients with CEA equal or more than 3 than control group. There was strong positive correlations between CEA with insulin, FBS, and HOMA2-IR indices in colorectal patients compared to the control group.

Spirulina platensis (S. platensis) is a filamentous and photosynthetic microalgae that contains 25 kinds of vitamins and minerals and bioactive compounds such as flavonoids and polyphenols. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of ethanolic extract of S. platensis.

The polyphenolic content, flavonoid content and antioxidant activity of the ethanolic extract of S. platensis was evaluated by Folin-Ciocâlteu reagent, chloride aluminum method, and CUPRAC, respectively. The cytotoxicity of extract on HCT116 and SW742 colorectal cancer cells was determined using an MTT assay after 24, 48 and 72 h treatment with various concentrations of S. platensis extract (0-1000 μg/ml).

The ethanolic extract of S. platensis showed an antioxidant activity of 53/7±6/63 mg of Ascorbic acid/g dried sample and was characterized with a high level of polyphenolic and flavonoid content. A dose and time dependent decrease in the viability of HCT116 and SW742 cells was detected following exposure to the extract. After 72 h treatment, IC50 value of HCT116 and SW742 cell lines was obtained as 14/79±0/33 µg/ml and 13/26±1/52 µg/ml, respectively.

The results of the present study showed that the ethanolic extract of S. platensis decreases colorectal cancer cell viability significantly. Therefore, this extract can be a candidate for producing anticancer agents.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Sargassum boveanum is a plant species of brown algae that is widely found in the Persian Gulf. The present study investigated the antioxidant and cytotoxic activity of the hydroalcoholic extract of Sargassum boveanum in colorectal cancer cell lines.

Sargassum boveanum was collected from the Persian Gulf in Bushehr province. The hydroalcoholic extract of this plant was extracted by maceration in ethanol 70%. The concentrations of polyphenols, flavonoids and antioxidant activity of the hydroalcoholic extract (ethanol 70%) were assessed by folin ciocalteu, aluminum chloride and CUPRAC methods, respectively. Afterwards, the cytotoxicity effect of this extract was investigated in two colorectal cancer cell lines (SW742 and HCT116) and normal cells (fibroblasts) at 24, 48 and 72 hours post-treatment by the MTT method.

The studied hydroalcoholic extract contains significant amounts of polyphenol (36.79 ± 0.66 mg GAE/g dwt), flavonoid (194.66±2.5 QE/g dwt) and antioxidant capacity (526.99 ± 9.16 mg AA/g dwt). The hydroalcoholic extract gradually inhibited cell growth in the SW742, HCT116 and fibroblast cells in a
time- and dose-dependent manner.

Our results showed that sargassum boveanum hydroalcoholic extract may have considerable potential for development as a novel, natural product-based, anticancer agent.