جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « سمیت حاد » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Melilotus officinalis (Papilionaceae family) possess potent antioxidant, anxiolytic, anti-inflammatory, and anticonvulsant activities. According to the mentioned cases, the aim of the current study was to investigate the antidepressant effect of the M. officinalis ethanolic extract (MOEE) in the murine models.

In this study, the acute toxicity of the MOEE was evaluated by Lorek's method. Adult male NMRI mice were treated with normal saline, fluoxetine (20 mg/kg, i.p.), or MOEE (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg, i.p.), and then it was performed to forced swimming test(FST) and tail suspension test (TST).  The locomotion of the mice was also evaluated in the open-field test (OFT).

The results showed that the LD50 of the extract was found to be greater than 5000 mg/kg. Intraperitoneal administration of MOEE (except the dose of 25 mg/kg in FST)  reduces immobility time in all groups of the FST and TST. Also, this extract increased the duration of swimming time without significant change in the climbing time in the FST. The locomotion of mice was not affected by the MOEE in OFT.

The results of this study show that Melilotus officinalis is a non-toxic compound and has antidepresant activity similar to fluoxetine. Therefore, this plant has therapeutic potential for depression. However, more studies are necessary to determine the exact mechanism of the anti-depressant effect and the absence of adverse effects in chronic administration.
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We aimed in this study to evaluate the acute and repeated dose toxicity of Kelussia odoratissima Mozaff (Kelussia) identified as a rare medicinal plant species which grows in western parts of Iran with potential nutraceutical applications.

To determine the clinical, hematological, biochemical, necropsy and histopathological effects of the herb’s essential oil, aerial parts of this plant were collected from Shahrekord in spring 2019. After careful evaluation and issuing the Herbarium Code Number, herb’s dry powder was provided and the essential oil was prepared by Clevenger apparatus. Acute and repeated dose toxicity tests were performed by OECD 423 and 407 guidelines through intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections to female rats.

Acute test didn’t show any sign of toxicity in doses up to 2000 mg/kg and in delayed acute toxicity assessment no sign of toxic reaction was recorded. In repeated dose test all animals in two different dose groups (5 and 50 mg/kg) survived healthy according to the clinical, biochemical, hematological, necropsy and histopathological studies. Significant weight increase in high dose group (50 mg /kg/day) was accompanied with hepatotoxic reactions compared to vehicle control group (distilled water). Low dose group (5 mg/kg /day) showed significant biochemical changes in relevant nephrotoxicity related biomarkers which were not accompanied with histopathological evidence.

The results of this study showed that oral long term administration of Kelussia essential oil could be considered as a safe herbal remedy in doses up to 5 mcg/kg/day for human medical and nutritional purposes.

Acute toxicity assessment is the first priority in the determination of any related risk to the biologically unknown chemicals to human and animals. LD50 determination as an accepted model of acute toxicity assay in animal models for a new drug in clinical trials is one of the important requirements of the drug launching process. Prodigiosin is a substance extracted from Serratia marcescens and has antitumor and antifungal activities. Thus, in this study, acute toxicity of prodigiosin was determined using the lowest number of laboratory animals.

In this experimental study, different doses of prodigiosin were administered intraperitoneally in male mice. Twenty four hours after injection, alongside examining behavior of the animals receiving the prodigiosin, some organs including the heart, liver, kidney, spleen, intestine and lung were sampled, and after paraffin block preparation and microtome cutting, they were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and examined by light microscopy.

The results of this study indicated that LD50 for prodigiosin is 4500 mg / kg, when administered intraperitoneally and histopathological findings indicate very slight and minor damage to the liver, kidney and spleen, while no remarkable damage on other organs including the heart, lung and intestine was observed.

Based on the results of current study and estimated LD50 level, it is suggested that prodigiosin can be categorized as a safe compound with the least histopathological impact on the vital organs.

Nanoparticles (NPs) are used in different industries, including electronics, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, healthcare, and environmental processes. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate their toxicity in the aquatic environment.

The acute toxicity of six different kinds of nano-sized particulates (SiO2, Fe2O3, Al2O3, TiO2, ZnO, and MgO) to Daphnia Magna were evaluated using the acute toxicity test, according to the U.S EPA method at various exposure times in different concentrations. The LC50 values and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals were calculated using the EPA Probit analysis program.

The highest to lowest LC50 of mortality of the NPs studied were as follows: Al2O3>Fe2O3>SIO2>TiO2>MgO>ZnO. At 96 hours of exposure time, NPs caused morphological change in the gut tract of D. Magna.

In this study, all physiochemical properties of the NPs were similar to those reported in previous studies. Among these properties, chemical composition and purity of NPs are the major factors that could influence the toxicity of NPs to D.Magna.

Considering the toxicity, health and ecological hazards of heavy metals in the environment and the impact on organisms, it looks essential to measure and evaluate their concentrations at the various levels in indigineous ecological strctures. The present study evaluated the concentration of Lead, Nickel, Copper and Zinc and their ecological risk assessment in surface sediments of Sezar River in Lorestan province. 16 stations along the Sezar River were selected for sampling. After preparation and acid digestion of the samples, the concentrations of these metals were determined by Atomic absorbtion. The average total concentration of the detected metals Ni, Zn, Cu and Pb in the sediment was 71.84 > 40.56> 7.75 > 5.61 mg/kg, respectively. In addition, the evaluation of the Potential acute toxicity, ecological risk, and Pollution Load Index represented a low pollution in the sediments. The environmental risk of the metals in the sediment was evaluated as: Ni> Pb> Cu> Zn. The findings showed that among metals, the contamination factor and modified hazard quotient (mHQ) for nickel was moderate and in the mediun to severe pollution level to the contamination, respectively. According to the results, it can be concluded that Potential acute toxicity, pollution and ecological risk in the region for investigated metals were low. However, a rapid expansion of various human activities in the area and the pollution of nickel in the river along with the probability of its biological effects require continuous monitoring of the river in order to assess the health risk and its ecological risk.

Ferula species have shown wide range of pharmacological properties but there is no study on oral safety profile of Ferula persica due to standard toxicology guidelines. This study aimed to evaluate the acute and subchronic oral toxicity of the alcoholic extract of the aerial parts of Ferula persica to provide its safe dose for long term oral administrations as a possible herbal remedy. Hydroalcoholic extract from leaves and flowers was provided and standardized then acute and repeated dose oral toxicity tests were performed by OECD 423 and 407 guidelines. In the subchronic test, animals in each treatment group received hydroalcoholic extracts 1000 mg/kg/day. At the end of study mortality, weight changes, biochemical, hematological and histopathological studies were performed. Acute toxicity test did not show any mortality and any sign of toxicity up to 2000 mg/kg in a 14 days study and in the repeated dose toxicity test, no sign of organ toxicity was detected in doses up to 1000 mg/kg during 28 days continuous study according to clinical, hematological, biochemical and histopathological evidences in liver, kidney, uterus, ovaries, heart, lung and spleen of animals. This study has revealed the safety of Ferula persica herbal extract in acute and subchronic oral administrations in doses up to 2000 and 1000 mg/kg respectively. We have defined the limit of oral long term exposure (No Observed Adverse Effects Level /NOAEL) in doses up to 1000 mg/kg which could suggest these aerial parts of Ferula persica as a new herbal remedy for future medical and nutritional purposes.

Background and aimsToxic chemical release from process installation is one of the main hazards in chemical industries which can endanger the health of employees and public in the neighbours of industry in case of occurring chemical release accident. The aim of this study was determining hazard distance of toxic chemical release in one of petrochemical complex for its applicability in emergency response planning.MethodsDifferent possible scenarios for toxic chemical release was considered and the worse case scenarios including process vessels rupture was selected for hazard distance study by aid of Dow Chemical Exposure Index (CEI).ResultsAmong studied chemical tanks including Chlorine, Phenol, Epichlorohydrin (EPI), Chlorobenzene, Toluene, hydrogen chloride, the highest Chemical Exposure Index (CEI) and hazard distance was for Chlorine with CEI of 340 and hazard distance for ERPG 2 and ERPG 3 concentration were 3399 and 1339 respectively.ConclusionChemical Exposure Index (CEI) can be used for determining hazard distance of a chemical release accident. Hazard distance data can be used in process installation layout and emergency response planning.

The subacute toxicity of aqueous extract of Crocus sativus stigma and petal were studied in rats. Separate groups of animals were given daily intraperitoneal doses of aqueous extract of stigma (0.16, 0.32 and 0.48 g/kg) and petal (1.2, 2.4 and 3.6 g/kg) for two weeks. Blood samples and selected organs were prepared for biochemical, hematological and histopathological experiments. Significant reduction of RBC, HCT and Hb were recorded with all doses of two extracts. Stigma extract did not have any deleterious effect on organs. However, petal extract induced necrosis in liver and lung cells. The results indicated that petal and stigma extracts caused normochromic normocytic anemia and petal extract induced toxic effects on liver and lung.

Bioassay is necessary for assessment of pollution. Because physical and chemical taste are not enough for assessment of potential effects on water ecosystem. Bioassay tests have alot of scientific value inanition doing of them is easy and need less time, also need less space, laboratory equipment’s and expenditure. Therefor such tests have found special attention in water pollution control measure. So whit determine of effluent toxicity and survey of its effects on water ecosystem by bioassay method, can determine the degree and the kind of treatment that are necessary to having optimum condition for water ecosystem. In this research survey of indicator toxicity of Isfahan south wastewater treatment by daphnia magna has been studied. In this study experiments were done on samples of wastewater that has been taken from Isfahans south wastewater treatment (samples has been taken from four place, influent raw wastewater, before and after primary settling tank and after secondary settling tank). Primary daphnia were couch from there living sites, then one of them were cultured alone, after infants of primary daphnia were used for culture in large amount. After prepering necessary dilution of wastewater samples by doing necessary experiments LC50-48-h toxic unit, efficiency of different units and total of wastewater treatment plant were determined. Results reveal that LC50-48-h of influent wastewater is 30%(v/v) and toxic unit is 3.33 and LC50-48-h of wastewater before primary (after preliminary treatment) settling tank, after primary settling tank and after secondary settling tank was determined 32%, 85% and 32% (v/v) respectively, that was on the basis acute toxic unit (ATU) 3.125, 1.92, and 1.76 respectively, efficiency of preliminary treatment in reducing toxicity were determined 6% and efficiency of primary treatment secondary treatment and whole of treatment plant in reducing toxicity were determined 38.4%, 8% and 50% respectively. Data of this research show that bioassay are necessary for assessment of wastewater and control of water pollution. So bioassay can be used as a suitable method for assessment of effect and efficiency of different treatment units and control of toxicity as base information for monitoring of effluent and due to increasingly developing of wastewater treatment systems in Iran, that is necessary appropriate strategy be under taken to monitoring the effluent. The result of this research and same research can be useful.